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Surfactants in Precision Cleaning

Removal of Contaminants at the Micro and Nanoscale

1st Edition - October 21, 2021

Editors: Rajiv Kohli, Kashmiri L. Mittal

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 2 1 6 - 4

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 2 1 7 - 1

Surfactants in Precision Cleaning: Removal of Contaminants at the Micro and Nanoscale is a single source of information on surfactants, emulsions, microemulsions and detergents… Read more

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Surfactants in Precision Cleaning: Removal of Contaminants at the Micro and Nanoscale is a single source of information on surfactants, emulsions, microemulsions and detergents for removal of surface contaminants at the micro and nanoscale. The topics covered include cleaning mechanisms, effect of surfactants, types of stable dispersions (emulsions, microemulsions, surfactants, detergents, etc.), cleaning technology, and cleaning applications. Users will find this volume an excellent resource on the use of stable dispersions in precision cleaning.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of Contributors
About the Editors
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction to Surfactants
Abstract
Chapter Outline
1 Introduction
2 Hydrophilicity and Hydrophobicity of Surfactant Molecules
3 Adsorption Mechanism
4 Surface Tension
5 Enhancement of Wettability
6 Langmuir–Blodgett Films
7 Krafft Point
8 Surfactant States
9 Micelles
10 Microemulsions
11 Surfactant Mixtures
12 Adsorption at Surface/Interface
13 Surfactant Aggregation and the Aqueous cmc
14 Surfactant Partitioning Between Water and Oil
15 Surfactant Precipitate and Colloid Formation
16 Salt/Ion Effects on Surfactant Behavior
17 Summary
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2. Surface Contaminants and Surface Cleanliness Levels
Abstract
Chapter Outline
1 Introduction
2 Sources and Generation of Contaminants
3 Impact of Contaminants
4 Product Surface Cleanliness Levels
5 Summary
Acknowledgment
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 3. The Use of Surfactants in Enhanced Particle Removal During Cleaning
Abstract
Chapter Outline
1 Introduction
2 Surfactant Behavior in Solution
3 Interaction Forces and Particle Removal
4 Summary
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4. Particle Removal by Surfactants During Semiconductor Cleaning
Abstract
Chapter Outline
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Particle Removal by Surfactants During Semiconductor Cleaning
3 Application of Surfactants for Particle Removal During Semiconductor Cleaning
4 Summary
References
Chapter 5. Use of Surfactants in Acoustic Cleaning
Abstract
Chapter Outline
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals of Acoustic Cleaning
3 Role of Surfactants in Acoustic Cleaning
4 Wettability and Bubble Generation Phenomena by Surfactants
5 Studies on Blanket and Patterned Substrates
6 Summary
References
Chapter 6. The Role of Surfactants in Ultrasonic Cleaning: Nanoparticle Removal and Other Challenging Applications
Abstract
Chapter Outline
1 Introduction
2 Ultrasonic Cleaning Fundamentals
3 Cleaning Chemistry and Mechanisms of Ultrasonic Cleaning
4 Contaminants and How Clean Is Clean?
5 Chemistry of Surfactants
6 The Role of Surfactants in Cleaning
7 Ultrasonic Industrial Cleaning Systems
8 Future Prospects
References
Chapter 7. Selection and Validation of Detergents and Surfactants for Aqueous Critical Cleaning
Abstract
Chapter Outline
1 Introduction
2 Function and Efficacy
3 Health and Safety Considerations
4 Environmental Considerations
5 Selected Application Examples
6 Cleaning Validation
7 Pharmaceutical Cleaning Validation
8 Medical Device Cleaning Validation
9 Cleaning Supplier Validation Support
10 Summary
Additional Information Can Be Obtained From These Resources
References
Index

Rajiv Kohli

Dr. Rajiv Kohli is a leading expert with The Aerospace Corporation in contaminant particle behavior, surface cleaning, and contamination control. At the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, he provides technical support for contamination control related to ground-based and manned spaceflight hardware, as well as for unmanned spacecraft. His technical interests are in particle behavior, precision cleaning, solution and surface chemistry, advanced materials and chemical thermodynamics. Dr. Kohli was involved in developing solvent-based cleaning applications for use in the nuclear industry and he also developed an innovative microabrasive system for a wide variety of precision cleaning and micro-processing applications in the commercial industry. He is the senior editor of this book series “Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning”; the first ten volumes in the series were published in 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 (Volumes 5 and 6), 2015 (Volumes 7 and 8), and 2017 (Volumes 9 and 10), respectively. The second edition of Volume 1 was published in 2016. Volume 11 and Volume 12 (this volume) are expected to be published in 2019. Previously, Dr. Kohli co-authored the book “Commercial Utilization of Space: An International Comparison of Framework Conditions”, and he has published more than 270 technical papers, articles and reports on precision cleaning, advanced materials, chemical thermodynamics, environmental degradation of materials, and technical and economic assessment of emerging technologies. Dr. Kohli was recognized for his contributions to NASA’s Space Shuttle Return to Flight effort with the Public Service Medal, one of the agency’s highest awards.

Affiliations and expertise

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA

Kashmiri L. Mittal

Dr. Kashmiri (Kash) Mittal was associated with IBM from 1972 to 1994. Currently, he is teaching and consulting in the areas of adhesion science and technology and in surface contamination and cleaning. He is the founding editor of the Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology and is editor of more than 130 published books, many of them dealing with surface contamination and cleaning. In 2002, the Kash Mittal Award was inaugurated for his extensive efforts and significant contributions to the field of colloid and interface chemistry. Among his numerous awards, Dr. Mittal was awarded the title honoris causa by the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lubin, Poland in 2003. Currently, he is teaching and consulting in the areas of surface contamination and cleaning and in adhesion science and technology.

Affiliations and expertise

Editor, Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives, USA