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Supercritical Fluid Cleaning
Fundamentals, Technology and Applications
- 1st Edition - December 31, 1998
- Editor: Samuel P. Sawan
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 8 1 5 5 - 1 4 1 6 - 9
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 9 4 6 5 2 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 8 1 5 5 - 1 9 1 6 - 4
Although supercritial fluid (SCF) technology is now widely used in extraction and purification processes (in the petrochemical, food and pharmaceuticals industries), this book is… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAlthough supercritial fluid (SCF) technology is now widely used in extraction and purification processes (in the petrochemical, food and pharmaceuticals industries), this book is the first to address the new application of cleaning. The objective is to provide a roadmap for readers who want to know whether SCF technology can meet their own processing and cleaning needs. It is particularly helpful to those striving to balance the requirements for a clean product and a clean environment. The interdisciplinary subject matter will appeal to scientists and engineers in all specialties ranging from materials and polymer sciences to chemistry and physics. It is also useful to those developing new processes for other applications, and references given at the end of each chapter provide links to the wider body of SCF literature.
The book is organized with topics progressing from the fundamental nature of the supercritical state, through process conditions and materials interactions, to economic considerations. Practical examples are included to show how the technology has been successfully applied. The first four chapters consider principles governing SCF processing, detailing issues such as solubility, design for cleanability, and the dynamics of particle removal. The next three chapters discuss surfactants and microemulsions, SCF interaction with polymers, and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cleaning solvent. The closing chapters focus on more practical considerations such as scaleup, equipment costs, and financial analysis.
The book is organized with topics progressing from the fundamental nature of the supercritical state, through process conditions and materials interactions, to economic considerations. Practical examples are included to show how the technology has been successfully applied. The first four chapters consider principles governing SCF processing, detailing issues such as solubility, design for cleanability, and the dynamics of particle removal. The next three chapters discuss surfactants and microemulsions, SCF interaction with polymers, and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cleaning solvent. The closing chapters focus on more practical considerations such as scaleup, equipment costs, and financial analysis.
Scientists and engineers in all specialties ranging from materials and polymer sciences to chemistry and physics.
1. The Supercritical State
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Physical Transformation of Pure Substances
3.0 Critical Constants
4.0 Critical and Boiling Points
5.0 Supercritical State
6.0 Solvents and Antisolvents
7.0 Solubility Issues of Supercritical Fluids
8.0 Hildebrand Solubility Parameter
9.0 Carbon Dioxide
10.0 Candidates for Supercritical Fluids
11.0 Conclusions
References
2. Solubility in Supercritical Fluid Cleaning
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Contaminant Solubility
3.0 Models for Cleaning
4.0 Conclusion
References
3. Design for Cleanability
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Process Design Guidelines
3.0 Conclusions
Appendix 1: Guidelines for Design of Parts for Cleanability
Appendix 2: Vendor Process Contamination Checklist
4. Dynamics of Particle Removal by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 The Boundary Layer in Turbulent Flow Over a Plate
3.0 Adhesive Forces
4.0 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
5.0 Conclusions
References
5. Surfactants and Microemulsions in Supercritical Fluids
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Microemulsion Structure
3.0 Microemulsions in Supercritical Fluids
4.0 Microemulsions in CO2
5.0 Supercritical Microemulsion Cleaning Processes
6.0 Kinetics of Cleaning
7.0 Recent Developments
8.0 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
6. Evaluation of Supercritical Fluid Interactions with Polymeric Materials
1.0 Background
2.0 Sorption, Swelling and Dissolution of Carbon Dioxide in Polymers at Elevated Pressure
3.0 Thermal Properties
4.0 Mechanical Properties
5.0 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
7. A Survey on the Use of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Cleaning Solvent
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Experimental Procedure
3.0 Results and Discussion
4.0 Tables
5.0 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8. Precision Cleaning With Supercritical Fluid: A Case Study
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Precision Inertial Instruments
3.0 Advantages of Supercritical Fluids
4.0 System Acquisition
5.0 Process Development
6.0 Compatibility Testing
7.0 System Modifications
8.0 Production Implementation
9.0 Lessons Learned
Acknowledgments
References
9. Scaleup Considerations
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Design Considerations
3.0 Dimensionless Variables
4.0 Principle of Similarity
5.0 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide System Scaleup
Acknowledgments
References
10. Equipment Cost Considerations and Financial Analysis of Supercritical Fluid Processing
1.0 Cost Drivers
2.0 Cost of Ownership for SCF Cleaning Systems
3.0 Relative Cost of Ownership For SCF Versus other Cleaning System
4.0 Conclusions
5.0 Acknowledgment
11. A Practical Guide to Supercritical Fluid Cleaning
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Solubility: Theoretical and Empirical
3.0 Transport
4.0 Reactor Design
5.0 Parts Drying
6.0 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Index
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Physical Transformation of Pure Substances
3.0 Critical Constants
4.0 Critical and Boiling Points
5.0 Supercritical State
6.0 Solvents and Antisolvents
7.0 Solubility Issues of Supercritical Fluids
8.0 Hildebrand Solubility Parameter
9.0 Carbon Dioxide
10.0 Candidates for Supercritical Fluids
11.0 Conclusions
References
2. Solubility in Supercritical Fluid Cleaning
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Contaminant Solubility
3.0 Models for Cleaning
4.0 Conclusion
References
3. Design for Cleanability
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Process Design Guidelines
3.0 Conclusions
Appendix 1: Guidelines for Design of Parts for Cleanability
Appendix 2: Vendor Process Contamination Checklist
4. Dynamics of Particle Removal by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 The Boundary Layer in Turbulent Flow Over a Plate
3.0 Adhesive Forces
4.0 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
5.0 Conclusions
References
5. Surfactants and Microemulsions in Supercritical Fluids
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Microemulsion Structure
3.0 Microemulsions in Supercritical Fluids
4.0 Microemulsions in CO2
5.0 Supercritical Microemulsion Cleaning Processes
6.0 Kinetics of Cleaning
7.0 Recent Developments
8.0 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
6. Evaluation of Supercritical Fluid Interactions with Polymeric Materials
1.0 Background
2.0 Sorption, Swelling and Dissolution of Carbon Dioxide in Polymers at Elevated Pressure
3.0 Thermal Properties
4.0 Mechanical Properties
5.0 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
7. A Survey on the Use of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Cleaning Solvent
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Experimental Procedure
3.0 Results and Discussion
4.0 Tables
5.0 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8. Precision Cleaning With Supercritical Fluid: A Case Study
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Precision Inertial Instruments
3.0 Advantages of Supercritical Fluids
4.0 System Acquisition
5.0 Process Development
6.0 Compatibility Testing
7.0 System Modifications
8.0 Production Implementation
9.0 Lessons Learned
Acknowledgments
References
9. Scaleup Considerations
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Design Considerations
3.0 Dimensionless Variables
4.0 Principle of Similarity
5.0 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide System Scaleup
Acknowledgments
References
10. Equipment Cost Considerations and Financial Analysis of Supercritical Fluid Processing
1.0 Cost Drivers
2.0 Cost of Ownership for SCF Cleaning Systems
3.0 Relative Cost of Ownership For SCF Versus other Cleaning System
4.0 Conclusions
5.0 Acknowledgment
11. A Practical Guide to Supercritical Fluid Cleaning
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Solubility: Theoretical and Empirical
3.0 Transport
4.0 Reactor Design
5.0 Parts Drying
6.0 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Index
- No. of pages: 306
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: December 31, 1998
- Imprint: William Andrew
- Hardback ISBN: 9780815514169
- eBook ISBN: 9780080946528
- eBook ISBN: 9780815519164
SS
Samuel P. Sawan
Affiliations and expertise
University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA