Subsurface Space

Contents of Volume 2

Contents of Volume 3

Foreword

General Session 1 Environmental Protection

The Underground Armature

Future Growth of Large Cities as Related to the Potential of Subsurface Use

Underground Transport in Urban Areas. Advantages and Future Prospects

Underground Systems for Public Utilities

Multiple Use of Civil Defence Installations. Economic, Political and Practical Aspects

General Session 2 Low-Cost Storage

Warehousing Concepts

Underground Storage of Oil and Gas Products

Obstacles to Subsurface Storage of Oil; Experience of Problems and Obstacles to Subsurface Storage Encountered in Various Countries

The Kansas City Underground Experience

Possibilities for Archives and Other Safe Storage Underground

Environmental and Other Insurance Aspects of Underground Storage Projects

Special Session A Subsurface in Metropolitan Areas

Grouting of Tunnels in Order to Avoid Detrimental Groundwater Lowering

The Chicagoland Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP)

Sewage Treatment Plants in Rotterdam

Human Beings Underground

Engineering Geological Problems of Cellars and Caverns Under Historical Centres of Towns

Subsurface Public Space - Design Aspects

The Use of an Underground Bomb Shelter as Ice-Hockey Rinks

Control Data Goes Underground: Two Solutions in Subsurface Space

The Metro System in Helsinki - Central City Area Project

The Growth and Planning of Use of Subsurface Space Under London, England

Intersection of Underground Terminal with Shaft Bulge-Out Provided with Support in Order to Yield Strains of the Surrounding Rock Demonstrated by the Example Shaft Bulge-Out of General Blumenthal

Computer Programme for Road Tunnel Ventilation

Chicago Sewer System Tunnels and Shafts.Roosevelt Road to Ogden Avenue

Subsurface Location of a Major Water Pollution Control Plant Presently Under Construction in the Oslo Area

Chicago Sewer System Tunnel and Shafts. Addison to Wilmette

Factors Influencing the Power Requirements for Lighting in Vehicular Traffic Tunnels

Chicago Sewer System Shafts and Tunnels.Damen Avenue to Roosevelt Road

Underground Blasting in a City

Sportshalls and Swimmingpools in Rock in the Oslo Region (Norway)

Subsurface Space - A Must for Calcutta

Long Term Experiences from Use of Subsurface Installations at the Swedish Civil Defence Administration

How can Society Encourage Relevant Use of Subsurface Space?

Peacetime Use of Subsurface Air-Raid Shelters in Finland

Special Session B Subsurface Storage

Bacterial Impairment of Water Curtain Between Oil Storage Caverns in Rock

Hydrocarbon Storage in Cavities Leached Out of Salt Formations

Storing Water in Rock Caverns is Safe and Cheap

Polytank Underground Liquid Storage

Underground Storage and Environmental Protection

Technical and Economic Considerations on the Construction of an Underground Storage for Drinking Water

Subsurface Space for Waste Disposal Around Korba, Madhya Pradesh India

Natural Cavern and Other Underground Space for Controlling Environmental Hazards in Central India

Geotechnical and Containment Aspects of Oil Storage in a Limestone

Study on Seepage Flow Through Rock Mass Surrounding Caverns for Petroleum Storage

Subterranean Museums

Cavern Storage of Hydrocarbons in Stratified Salt Formations

Some Remarks on Theoretical Simulation Models in Salt Cavern Construction with Regard to the Evaluation of Discharge Measurements

Underground Storage and Post Peak Rock Behaviour - Applications to Difficult and Unfavourable Geological Conditions

Long-Term Behaviour of Crude and Distillate Fuel Oil Stored in Salt Caverns

Sand Bunkers Blasted out of Rock in Helsinki

Heat Transfer Theory of Refrigerated Walls in Subsurface Cold Storage

Remarks on the Present Status of Solution-Mining Technological Planning of Storage Caverns in Salt and the Practical Results Achieved

Optimization Considerations for Solution-Mined Caverns in Salt

Explosion Impacts in Underground Crude Oil Storage Facilities

Role of Groundwater in the Bedrock for Underground Oil Storage - A Hydrological Case Study of Small Granite Island

The Use of Tunnel Systems for Storage of Sewage Water

Grain, Seed, Food Storage and Farm Machinery Manufacturing the Kansas City's Use of Underground Space to the U.S. Agricultural Midwest

A New Appraoch for LPG (Propane Butane) Underground Storage in Lined Caverns Above the Water Table (Mesilat Zion, Israel)

Special Session D Subsurface Construction in Developing Countries

Urban Subsurface Use in Developing Countries

Tunnelling for Food and Energy in Peru

Selfregulating Oil Storage in Rock with Mobile Water Bed

The Training of Operators and Service Personnel in Developing Countries

Underground Storage of Water in Natural and Artificial Openings in Hard Rocks in Developing Countries

Experience from Underground Construction Adapted to Local Conditions in Developing Countries

Economics of Storage and Types of Storage in Underground Facilities for Developing Countries

Distribution Systems in Environmental Protection and Management in Nigeria

Contents of Volume 1

Contents of Volume 3

Foreword

General Session 3 Energy Savings

Building Systems and Possibilities for Energy Conservation by Extended Use of Subsurface Space

District Heating - Production, Storage and Distribution of Heat Underground - An Economical Method of Better Utilization of Energy Available and Protection of the Environment

Utilization of the Underground for Solar and Waste Heat Storage

Nuclear Power Plants Underground

The U.S. National Waste Terminal Storage Program: Technological Accomplishments and Future Plans

Special Session C Energy Production, Distribution and Conservation Underground

Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Plants with Underground Lower Reservoirs

Proposed Swedish R & D Program for Energy Storage in the Ground and Bottom Sediments

Applications of the Q-System in Design Decisions Concerning Dimensions and Appropriate Support for Underground Installations

Two-Phase Flow Through Rock Fractures

The Avesta Project - A Test Plant for Storage of Heated Water in Rock Caverns

Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage for Electric Utilities

Water-Rock Interaction Problems When Storing and Distributing Hot Water in Unlined Rock Tunnels and Caverns

Compressed-Air Storage Caverns at Huntorf

Energy Economy in Sports Halls and Swimming Pools in Rock

Heat Storage in Aquifers

A Synopsis of Stability and Design Criteria for CAES and UPHS in Hard Rock Caverns

In Situ Stress and Rock Thermal Properties in Underground Nuclear Plant Design

District Heat Transmission Tunnel Naatali - Turku

The Energy Consumption of an Earth-Sheltered Dwelling in Scandinavia

Some Consideration on the Numerical Analysis Method for Estimating Freezing Behaviour of the Ground in the Neighbourhood of LNG in-Ground Tank

Compressed Air Energy Storage Environmental Impacts of Brine Injection

Rock Behaviour of Underground Cavern with the Storage of Cryogenic Liquified Gas

Potential for the Underground Mining of Oil Sands in Canada

Design and Cost Studies of Annular Tunnels for Superconductive Energy Storage

Underground Hydro-Electric Power Stations in Norway

Underground Siting of a Candu Nuclear Power Station

Classification of Some Wisconsin Rocks for the Design of Underground Superconductive Energy Storage

Energy Storage in Aquifers

Energy Use Effectiveness and Costs Compared Between Surface and Subsurface Facilities

Earth Sheltered Buildings - Construction Activity and Research in the U.S.

Field Experiment and Assessment Concerning Containment of Gaseous Fission Products at Underground Nuclear Power Plant

Low-Frequency Cyclic Loading Effects on Rocksalt

"Oil-Mine" - Subaqueous Operation of Oil and Gas Fields

Energy Storage in Aquifers - A Survey of Recent Theoretical Studies

Hard Rock Caverns for Underground Pumped Hydroelectric and Compressed Air Energy Storage

Special Session E Nuclear Waste Disposal

WP-Cave - A New Concept for Underground High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository

Thermomechanical Effects and Stability Problems Due to Nuclear Waste Disposal in Salt Rock

Conceptual Design of Stable Galleries in a Deep Iron Ore Formation for the Safe Disposal of LAW and Decommissioning Wastes from Nuclear Power Stations in the Federal Republic of Germany

The Stripa Project - A Multilateral Project in the Management of Radioactive Waste Storage

Predicted and Measured Temperatures, Displacements and Stresses from the Stripa Heater Experiments

The Alma Project. Final Repository for Low-Level Waste in Sweden, A Preliminary Study of Design and Function

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in Carlsbad, New Mexico

Hydrogeological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Stripa Site

An Overview of Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

International Investigations of Geologic Media for the Subsurface Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

An Underground Storage for Spent Nuclear Fuel in Sweden

Underground Storage of Nuclear Waste in Switzerland

A Commercial Nuclear Waste Repository in Basalt

Geologic Characterisations and their Optimization for Purposes of Nuclear Waste Isolation

Interpretation of Low Altitude Airborn Magnetic and VLF Measurements for Identification of Fracture Zones

Mining Technology Development for Hard Rock Excavation

State-of-the-Art Review of Rock Mechanics Techniques for Measurement of Stress, Displacement and Strain

Stability of Different Room Layouts in Rock Salt

Inventory of Existing Rock Openings for the Disposal of Nuclear Wastes

Condensed Version of the Swedish KBS Concepts Regarding Final Storage of High Level Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel

Preparatory Geotechnical Investigation for the Selection of a Radioactive Waste Repository in Crystalline Formations in Austria

A Cross-Hole Investigation of a Rock Mass Subject for Heating

Method to Reduce the Groundwater Flow Around a Subsurface Storage of Nuclear Waste

Thermal Effects on Groundwater Flow Around a Radioactive Waste Depository in Hard Rock

Design Requirements and Concepts for Penetration Seals at Deep Geologic Waste Repositories - A Progress Report

Assessment of the Future Evolution of Geologic Systems Intended for the Development of a Nuclear Waste Repository

Contents of Volume 1

Contents of Volume 2

Foreword

Official Delegations

Opening Session

Official Opening

Address

Address

The Significance of Rockstore 80 for the Individual Citizen

General Session 1 Environmental Protection

Introduction

Subsurface Construction and Maintenance Techniques in Cities. Specific Problems in Hardrock and in Softground

Legal Aspects of Using Subsurface Space

Concluding Remarks

Round Table Session 1 Environmental Protection

Opening Address

Introduction

Global Aspects

State-of-the-Art Reports

Finland

Federal Republic of Germany

France

Israel

Japan

Spain

Sweden

Discussion Report

Conc1uding Remarks

General Session 2 Low-Cost Storage

Introduction

Geological Opportunities and Constraints on the Use of Underground Space

The Legislator's Role in Developing Underground Space Resources

Concluding Remarks

Round Table Session 2 Low-Cost Storage

Opening Address

Introduction

Global Remarks

State-of-the-Art Reports

The People's Republic of China

Egypt

Federal Republic of Germany

German Democratic Republic

Hungary

Israel (See p. 1079)

Japan (See p. 1083)

Sweden

France (Comment)

Discussion Report

Concluding Remarks

General Session 3 Energy Savings

Introduction

Energy Technology in Subsurface Space

Concluding Remarks

Round Table Session 3 Energy Savings

Opening Address

Introduction

Global Aspects

State-of-the-Art Reports

Finland

Federal Republic of Germany

Italy

Japan (See p. 1083)

Sweden

United Kingdom

Discussion Report

Concluding Remarks

Closing Session

Address

Address on Behalf of the United Nations

Address on Behalf of the International Tunnelling Association

Address on Behalf of the International Society for Rock Mechanics

Address on Behalf of the International Association of Engineering Geology

Spontaneous Statements by Official Delegations from USA, Finland, FR Germany and Hungary

Concluding Remarks

Special Session Subsurface Construction in Less Developed Regions

Introduction

Discussions

Concluding Remarks

Special Session Nuclear Waste Disposal

Introduction

Discussions

Nuclide Transport Models - A Step Towards Relevant Field Testing

Experimental Program During the Construction of an Underground Laboratory in a Plastic Clay Layer at 215 m Depth

International Investigations of Geologic Media for the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

A Perspective of Geological Characterisations Required for Subsurface Nuclear Waste Disposal

Spent Fuel Test Project, Climax Granitic Stock, Nevada Test Site

Microfractographic Study of Heated and Non-Heated Stripa Granite

Concluding Remarks

Special Session Subsurface in Metropolitan Areas

Introduction

Discussions

Summing-Up

Special Session Subsurface Storage

Introduction

Discussions

Summing-Up

Special Session Energy Production, Distribution and Conservation Underground

Introduction

Discussions

Summing-Up

Author Index

Subject Index