Society, Schools, and Progress in Japan introduces the reader to some of the major features of national education in Japan, with emphasis on the role of schools in society and in promoting progress. The principles of national education are discussed, along with the contribution of education to economic development. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with a historical background on Japanese education from early times to about 1950. The next chapter explains the establishment of statutory principles of national education in Japan in a historical and socio-political context, and examines the problems connected with the aims of national education which have been under the influence of statutory provisions and various other factors in Japanese society. The question of controlling national education in Japan is then considered, paying particular attention to the machinery for policy formation in national education; the systems of educational administration both at the central and local levels; and the dispute arising from the centralization of the control of national education. The book concludes by assessing future prospects for Japanese education, including planning, implementing, and financing educational reform. This monograph will be of interest to students, teachers, sociologists, school administrators, and educational policymakers.
Basic Animation Stand Techniques describes the use and importance of the animation stand in making animated films for the screen. The book describes the fundamental operation and construction of the animation stand where the film camera is mounted. The text explains in detail how the animation stand holds the camera, which points vertically straight down on the table containing the artwork. The selection describes the zoom movement, the light box, and the cell punch. Then the book discusses the three kinds of methods of animation, namely, modification, substitution, and mechanical movement. The book teaches some basic techniques of animation as well as the use of superimposition, image replacement, back projection, aerial image, fades, or mixes. The text explains exposures at different sized fields and camera exposure sheets, the latter containing detailed instructions on how to shoot each single frame. The book also notes the settings that can be achieved on a modern animation stand, including the counters and calibration of gears and wheels. For example, a movement can be as precise as a hundredth of an inch, while a rotation can be made in a tenth of a degree. The book also provides a fairing table, different exposures for different films, and a method to approximate the amount of film stock left in a magazine. The text is valuable for artists, animators, animation technicians, film directors, and others working in the film industry.
A Turning Point for Literacy: Adult Education for Development, The Spirit and Declaration of Persepolis contains the proceedings of the International Symposium for Literacy, held at Persepolis, Iran in September 1975. The conference intends to evaluate the results of international actions on literacy teaching, with the aim of extending and intensifying adult literacy teaching throughout the world. The compendium presents the work of specialists and some international institutions in the framework of the themes of the symposium; they serve as catalysts for discussion and reflection. The themes of the symposium include appraisal and lessons of 10 years of adult literacy work and functionalities of literacy, in view of the need to satisfy the essential needs of human in terms of economic activities, health, culture, and participation in the reform of society. Other themes are the determination to introduce deep changes in the living conditions of human and in social structures as a sine qua non of literacy undertakings and the innovative role of literacy experiments in the reform of teaching and training systems and their integration into the global educational process. The book will be of interest to educators, policymakers, teachers, historians, and students of education.
Crossfire in Professional Education: Students, the Professions and Society consists of papers collected at a conference of the above subject held in Evanston, Illinois on October 16-17, 1975. This collection of papers explores the pressures and conflicts to which professional education is subject. The focus is on problems facing professional schools that play significant roles in society. One paper discusses society, technology, and professional expertise and then tries to answer the question of balancing the opposing tensions between technology and human values present in the professions. This paper outlines the university structure and the crisis of professional education, including the responsibilities of the university composed of students, professions, and some elements of society. Another paper discusses the contradictions facing universities as places for both scholarly learning and education for action. One paper tackles the purpose of graduate education, while another paper discusses the negative perception of lawyers in society, stemming from the fact that some professional qualities are not developed in law schools. This text concludes that professional education should respond to the needs of quality, instead of just to any kind of growth. This book is suitable for academicians, educators, university and college administrators, as well as to members of the higher educational professions.
Global Dialogue: The New International Economic Order discusses the world’s economic landscape, including international meetings, declarations, conventions, plans, and programs that aim for international economic order. The topics elaborated in this book include the economic scene; Seventh Special Session; United Nations Conference on Trade And Development—UNCTAD IV; Paris Talks; and GATT multilateral trade negotiations. The World Employment Conference; Habitat: The Conference on Human Settlements; State of the Environment; Law of the Sea; and new dimensions for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) are also deliberated. This book is beneficial to students and economists intending to acquire knowledge of the world’s economy.
Design for Need: The Social Contribution of Design compiles papers presented at the Symposium at the Royal College of Art, London in April 1976. This book focuses on the concept of design as a conditioning, reformist, and practical element in society, which examines and demonstrates actual projects carried out in response to social needs. The topics discussed include the industrial design in dependent countries; social forces that determine the shape of technology; role of the designer in disaster relief; reduction of need by design; role of the artist in a hospital environment; and Lucas workers' initiative. The language of social action; twelve methodologies for design; and future of design education are also deliberated in this text. This publication is intended for professional and student designers aiming to gain knowledge on the extended and systematic study and development of design applications.
The History of Man-Powered Flight provides a comprehensive history of man-powered aircraft. This book discusses the flight in early civilizations; Leonardo da Vinci— a scientist among skeptical philosophers; formation of the Man-Powered Aircraft Committee at Cranfield; Kremer Competition— catalyst for worldwide activity, and the first entrant; and United Kingdom “Miscellany” of the 1960s. The topics on man-powered rotorcraft and the persistence of the “bird-men”; “Toucan” and other machines; and future prospects on man-powered flight are also deliberated in this text. This publication is intended for experts in the field of aeronautics, but is also beneficial to students and individuals interested in aviation.
The Many Facets of Human Settlements: Science and Society focuses on communications, energy, and planning and design issues besetting human settlements. The book also tackles rural and urban development, types of habitats, industrialization, and lifestyles. The selection first discusses the influence of technology in shaping lifestyles, including advanced urban systems, programs on communications, and technology assessment of telecommunication-transportation interactions. Concerns include goals for the performance of human settlements and innovations for cities of the future; overview of studies and experiments pursued by the New Rural Society; and concept for a nationwide satellite communication systems to serve rural areas. The text then looks at the sources of energy in human settlements. Topics include alternatives to gas heat, coal, oil, solar heating, heat pump, and action plan. The book examines energy conservation in housing design, ecotechnologies and ecocommunities, bioshelters and their implications for lifestyle, high-rise habitat, and energy and rural development. The text also tackles industrialization and urbanization in Japan. Considerations include population density and urbanization, environmental disruption, and Japan as a postindustrial society. The selection is a vital source of data for readers interested in the issues and factors influencing human settlements.
Case Studies in Automation Related to Humanization of Work focuses on the role of organization renewal in the humanization of work, including the effects of automation on the industries and workers. The selection first offers information on the quality of working life and work of the social effects of automation committee from Bad Boll to Enschede. Topics include factors and situations that foster or hinder diffusion of successful development in the QWL field and development of alienating work. The book also examines a comparative study in various man-machine systems; work organization with multipurpose assembly robots; and system development and human consequences in the steel industry. The text discusses man-machine interfaces in the Cony-16 integrated manufacturing system, automation of wig-welding, and mechanization of assembly lines in the automotive industry. The book also underscores an approach to the production line of automobiles by man-computer system, including stock minimization, problems of line balancing in assembly process, and production control and inventory. The publication is a dependable reference for readers wanting to study the relationship of automation and quality of work life.
Systems Approach for Development presents articles in such topics as methodology, management and planning, education and transfer of technology, industrial application, energy, power systems, transportation and communication systems, urban systems and housing, and water resource systems. A sample of article in methodology is a simplified model approach in the hierarchical control systems. The book discusses such topics as dynamic economic models, creation of an optimum technology for olive oil production, systems prospective, types of technological forecasting techniques, and the use of a learning automata model in resource allocation problems. The optimal rate of transfer of technology is briefly analyzed and a systems approach to technological education is covered. An essay in the development of operator interface techniques is given. A section of the text provides the requirements of an ideal teaching system for microcomputers. The book will provide useful information to engineers, sociologists, economists, computer programmers, students and researchers in the field of science.