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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Applied Nanotechnology

    • 1st Edition
    • Jeremy Ramsden
    • English
    Applied Nanotechnology: The Conversion of Research Results to Products examines the commercial and social aspects of nanotechnology. The book is organized into four parts. Part 1 presents an overview of nanotechnology. It discusses the definition of nanotechnology; the relationship between wealth, technology, and science; the relationship between nanotechnology and innovation; and the question of why one might wish to introduce nanotechnology. Part 2 explains the nanotechnology business and the applications of nanotechnology in a wide range of industries, including engineering, aerospace, automotive, food, textiles, information technologies, and health. Part 3 deals with specific commercial and financial aspects. These include business models for nanotechnology enterprises, demand assessment for nanotechnology products, and the design of nanotechnology products. Part 4 looks at the future of nanotechnology. It examines how nanotechnology can contribute to the big challenges faced by humanity, such as climate change and terrorism. Ethical issues are also considered, including risk, uncertainty, and regulation.

  • Mathematical and Conceptual Foundations of 20th-Century Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 100
    • G.G. Emch
    • English
    This book is primarily intended for Mathematicians, but students in the physical sciences will find here information not usually available in physics texts.The main aim of this book is to provide a unified mathematical account of the conceptual foundations of 20th-Century Physics, in a form suitable for a one-year survey course in Mathematics or Mathematical Physics. Emphasis is laid on the interlocked historical development of mathematical and physical ideas.

  • Progress in Low Temperature Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • English

  • Emerging Nanotechnologies for Manufacturing

    • 1st Edition
    • Waqar Ahmed + 2 more
    • English
    Nanotechnology is a technology on the verge of commercialization. In this important work, an unrivalled team of international experts provides an exploration of the emerging nanotechnologies that are poised to make the nano-revolution a reality in the manufacturing sector. From their different perspectives, the contributors explore how developments in nanotechnology are transforming areas as diverse as medicine, advanced materials, energy, electronics and agriculture. Key topics covered include: Characterization of nanostructures Bionanotechnology Nanoelectronics Micro- and nanomachining Self-assembly techniques New applications of carbon nanotubes Environmental and health impacts This book provides an important and in-depth guide to the applications and impact of nanotechnology to different manufacturing sectors. As such, it will find a broad readership, from R&D scientists and engineers to venture capitalists. About the Authors Waqar Ahmed is Chair of Nanotechnology & Advanced Manufacturing and the Director of the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Innovation at the University of Central Lancashire, UK. He has contributed to the wider industrial adoption of surface coating solutions through fundamental research and modeling of gas phase processes in CVD and studies of tribological behavior. Mark J. Jackson is a Professor at the Birck Nanotechnology Center and Center for Advanced Manufacturing, College of Technology at Purdue University. Dr Jackson is active in research work concerned with understanding the properties of materials in the field of microscale metal cutting, micro- and nanoabrasive machining, and laser micromachining. He is also involved in developing next generation manufacturing processes and biomedical engineering.

  • Quantum Coherence and Decoherence

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Fujikawa + 1 more
    • English
    Just as in the pervious five symposia, the aim of this symposium was to link the recent advances in technology with fundamental problems in quantum mechanics. It provided a unique interdisciplinary forum where scientists with different backgrounds were given the opportunity to discuss basic problems of common interest in quantum science and technology from various aspects. This included not only an examination of the topic in terms of quantum optics and mesoscopic physics, but also in terms of the physics of precise measurement, macroscopic quantum phenomena, complex systems, and other fundamental problems in quantum physics. Two new important fields were also dealt with - the field of quantum computing, including quantum teleportation, quantum information, and cryptography, and the field of laser cooling, including Bose-Einstein condensation and atom interferometry.The resulting proceedings will be welcomed both as a good introductory book on quantum coherence and decoherence by newcomers to the field and as a reference book for experts in this dynamic area.

  • Progress in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 40
    • English
    The publication of volume forty of Progress in Optics marks a significant milestone. Volume one was published in 1961, a year after the invention of the laser, an event which triggered a wealth of new and exciting developments. Many of them have been reported in the 234 review articles published in this series since its inception.The present volume contains six review articles on a variety of subjects of current research interests. The first is concerned with polarimetric optical fibers and sensors, and reviews the main efforts and achievements in this field within the last two decades.The second article presents a review of recent researches on digital optical computing. After introducing the basic concepts needed for understanding the developments in this field, some feasibility experiments as well as software studies are discussed.

  • Frontiers in Dusty Plasmas

    • 1st Edition
    • Y. Nakamura + 2 more
    • English
    The study of dusty plasmas is now in a vigorous state of development. Dust and plasma coexist in a vast variety of cosmic environments and their research received a major boost in the early 80's with the Voyager spacecraft observations of peculiar features in the Saturnian ring system (e.g. the radial spokes) which could not be explained purely in gravitational terms. In addition, dust streams were measured by the Galileo spacecraft in the Jovian magnetosphere and charged dust in the earth's mesosphere was detected by a direct rocket experiment. Since then the area has greatly expanded with dedicated laboratory experiments verifying aspects of basic physics of charged dust grains in plasmas.These proceedings contain invited and poster papers which were presented by scientists active in the field from more than twenty countries. The material contains new aspects of collective interactions in dusty plasmas. For example, discoveries of dust-acoustic Mach cones, dust ion-acoustic shocks, great dust voids, vortex formation, dust crystallization under microgravity, coexistence of positive negative dust grains in the mesosphere and dust in tokamaks. The more theoretical and simulation studies focus on dynamical and structural properties and kinetic theories of strongly coupled dusty plasmas, as well as on self-organizations and structures, in addition to identifying forces (viz. wakefields, electrostatic and dipolar interactions etc.), which are responsible for charged dust grain attraction and phase transitions.The resulting book is a valuable, state-of-the-art review of the field of dusty plasma physics and will be welcomed by both researchers and graduate students who want to keep up to date in this rapidly growing field.

  • Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides

    • 1st Edition
    • Katsunari Okamoto
    • English
    Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides gives a complete theoretical basis of optical fibers and planar lightwave circuits. Fundamental analytical waveguide theories are introduced and various numerical methods are are presented. Recent topics on planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices are described including operational principles of arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexers (AWGs) and their applications. Readers will acquire a thorough understanding of optical fibers and waveguides as well as capabilities of designing and simulating novel optical devices.

  • Ultrasonic Instruments and Devices

    • 1st Edition
    • Emmanuel P. Papadakis
    • English
    Ultrasonic Instruments and Devices examines how years of ultrasound research has led to many practical inventions that are now products of use to ordinary people. Examples of personalized applications include the ultrasonograms of an unborn child, the testing of the parts of an automobile for durability, the electronics which make a cell phone work, and the meter in the gas line leading to a house. Larger concerns, such as safety of aircraft, are also discussed. A chapter is devoted to each major engineering area, and each chapter is written by one or more world-class experts in the particular area covered by the chapter. The characteristic uniting the products presented in this book is the extra effort that has been needed above and beyond research to transform the research results into practical items. One chapter of the book is devoted to essays bringing inventions out of the laboratory and onto the showroom floor. The book holds useful perspectives for entrepreneurs, researchers, managers, and consumers, and may turn out to be especially useful to professors and teachers trying to motivate students. There is some technical information in each chapter, varying from chapter to chapter, as well as a historical background.

  • Applications of Statistical Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • A. Gadomski + 3 more
    • English
    The field of statistical physics has undergone a spectacular development in recent years. The fundamentals of the subject have advanced dynamically with multidisciplinary approaches involving physicists, chemists and mathematicians. Equally spectacular has been the development of applications of statistical mechanics to shed light on a wide range of problems, many of them arising in fields quite distant from traditional physics disciplines. Recent applications range from such topics as oil recovery from porous rock to protein folding, DNA structure, morphogenesis and the cooperative behavior of living creatures. Concepts and methods of statistical physics have been applied successfully to "exotic" problems that seem to be far from physics, such as vehicular and pedestrial traffic, or economy and finance. This book presents not only the keynote invited talks, but a number of high quality, interesting, contributed communications from senior scientists and young students active in the field. Topics covered include DNA migration, wetting, chemical waves, granular media, molecular motors, biological pattern formation and motion, as well as practical problems such as heart diagnosis, internet traffic jamming, oil recovery and econophysics.

  • Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 27
    • English
    This was the last volume in this distinguished series of handbooks published in the twentieth century. It contains three chapters dealing with rare earth alloys and intermetallic compounds.Chapter one deals with ternary rare earth-germanium alloys, their phase diagrams and the crystal structures of the intermediate phases. In particular the group VIII metals are discussed, of which the first member of each row (iron, ruthenium and osmium) forms only half the number of compounds as the other two members, cobalt and nickel and their congeners. The author also observes that the ternary alloy systems of the rare earths and germanium with the s and p elements have hardly been investigated. The chapter ends with a discussion on the general trends and unusual features observed in the various sets of ternary phase diagrams.Chapters two describes in detail the various structure types that have been adopted by the rare earth-germanium ternary intermetallic compounds. The correlations, crystal chemistry and interrelationships of the 135 structure types are discussed. This paper also reviews quaternary compounds and superstructures.The final chapter deals with scandium alloys and intermetallic compounds, binary, ternary and higher order systems. The authors summarize the various phase diagrams of scandium systems and present the crystal structure properties of the various intermediate phases. The chapter finishes with a presentation of physical property data on scandium intermetallic phases. The results are divided into three groups - compounds which have a magnetic ground state, a superconducting ground state and those with neither a magnetic or a superconducting ground state.

  • Generalized Multipole Techniques for Electromagnetic and Light Scattering

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • T. Wriedt
    • English
    This book is an edited volume of nine papers covering the different variants of the generalized multipole techniques (GMT). The papers were presented at the recent 3rd Workshop on Electromagnetics and Light Scattering - Theory and Applications, which focused on current GMT methods. These include the multiple multipole method (MMP), the discrete sources method (DSM), Yasuura's method, method of auxiliary sources and null-field method with discrete sources. Each paper presents a full theoretical description as well as some applications of the method in electrical engineering and optics. It also includes both 2D and 3D methods and other applications developed in the former Soviet Union and Japan.

  • Fluid Power Dynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • R. Keith Mobley
    • English
    Fluid Power Dynamics is a 12-chapter book in two sections covering the basics of fluid power through hydraulic system components and troubleshooting. The second section covers pneumatics from basics through to troubleshooting.This is the latest book in a new series published by Butterworth-Heineman... in association with PLANT ENGINEERING magazine. PLANT ENGINEERING fills a unique information need for the men and women who operate and maintain industrial plants: It bridges the information gap between engineering education and practical application. As technology advances at increasingly faster rates, this information service is becoming more and more important. Since its first issue in 1947, PLANT ENGINEERING has stood as the leading problem-solving information source for America's industrial plant engineers, and this book series will effectively contribute to that resource and reputation.

  • Electroluminescence II

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 65
    • English
    Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The Willardson and Beer series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in producing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded.Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.

  • Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells: Physics and Device Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 62
    • English
    Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The Willardson and Beer series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in producing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded.Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.

  • Electroluminescence I

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 64
    • English
    The volume "Electroluminescence... for the first time covers (almost) all kinds of electroluminescence. In its broadest sense electroluminescence is the conversion of electric power into optical power - light. The way, in which this goal is accomplished, and the goal, the application itself, has varied over time. First reported in the scientific literature in 1936 by the French physicist G. Destriau, it was for quite some decades the glow of a powder embedded in a resin under the action of an alternating voltage. The dream of "cold light" for illumination was born in the 50s. Modern semiconductor technology, using p-n juntion, but not in silicon or germanium, but in GaAs and GaP, created in the 70s the tiny Light emitting Diodes. Today about 50 for every human being have been sold. They are everywhere for signaling and display of numbers and short texts. And they are at the verge of an era of solid state lighting, replacing gradually incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps. In the first half of 1999 several joint ventures between giants of the lighting industry and manufacturers of LEDs became known, including names as Philips, General Electric, Osram and Hewlett Packard, Emtron and Siemens, The reason, blue light emission of LEDs, for so long researched for unsuccessfully, has been achieved.Signaling, lighting will be the domains of LEDs in the next decades - a good start in the 21st millenium. But a the same time a paradigm shift in the display industry could come about. Dominated for the last 10 years by Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD), which are reflecting or transmitting light from extra light sources, self-emitting displays will challenge this dominance. Capable of handling very complex information by multiplexed addressing of millions of picture elements (pixels) in full color electroluminescence in the form of Organic LEDs and Thin Film Electroluminescence is gaining markets. Both technologies, much less matured than LED, incorporate much different physical features. The broad materials potential almost unexplored in both cases, they are good for surprises.The volume tries to present overviews ovber the 3 different technologies, covering in each case the mechanisms, the most important material properties, essential for the implementation of the working principles, the major applications and the system aspects. The reader will learn how the new long-life, maintenance free, power saving red traffic lights in the Silicon Valley function, and what the tail lights of his next car will be. The fascinating physics of polymer light emitters, eventually manufactured in a roll-to roll process, for cellular phones, or hand-held wireless computers, will become transparent. And why is it that up to now only sulfides can be used for the simplest design of displays capable of proven multiplex ratios of 1000? The comparison of the different electroluminescences... if this plural exists, will hopefully give experts of one of the fields, students of any of them, and application engineers new insights and ideas. Materials scientists and engineers will be caught by the comparison in analyzing what else one could provide to improve performance.General Description of Semiconductors and Semimetals:Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The Willardson and Beer series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in producing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded.Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.

  • Composition, Deep Structure and Evolution of Continents

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 24
    • R.D. van der Hilst + 1 more
    • English
    The ensemble of manuscripts presented in this special volume captures the stimulating cross-disciplinary dialogue from the International Symposium on Deep Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Continents, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 15-17 October 1997. It will provide an update on recent research developments and serve as a starting point for research of the many outstanding issues.After its formation at mid-oceanic spreading centers, oceanic lithosphere cools, thickens, and subsides, until it subducts into the deep mantle beneath convergent margins. As a result of this continuous recycling process oceanic lithosphere is typically less than 200 million years old (the global average is about 80 Myr). A comprehensive, multi-disciplinary study of continents involves a wide range of length scales: tiny rock samples and diamond inclusions may yield isotope and trace element signatures diagnostic for the formation age and evolution of (parts of) cratons, while geophysical techniques (e.g., seismic and electromagnetic imaging) constrain variations of elastic and conductive properties over length scales ranging from several to many thousand kilometers. Integrating and reconciling this information is far from trivial and, as several papers in this volume document, the relationships between, for instance, formation age and tectonic behavior on the one hand and the seismic signature, heat flow, and petrology on the other may not be uniform but may vary both within as well as between cratons. These observations complicate attempts to determine the variations of one particular observable (e.g., heat flow, lithosphere thickness) as a function of another (e.g., crustal age) on the basis of global data compilations and tectonic regionalizations.Imp... conclusions of the work presented here are that (1) continental deformation, for instance shortening, is not restricted to the crust but also involves the lithospheric mantle; (2) the high wavespeed part of continental lithospheric mantle is probably thinner than inferred previously from vertically travelling body waves or form global surface-wave models; and (3) the seismic signature of ancient continents is more complex than expected from a uniform relationship with crustal age.

  • Optical Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph H. Simmons + 1 more
    • English
    Optical Materials presents, in a unified form, the underlying physical and structural processes that determine the optical behavior of materials. It does this by combining elements from physics, optics, and materials science in a seamless manner, and introducing quantum mechanics when needed. The book groups the characteristics of optical materials into classes with similar behavior. In treating each type of material, the text pays particular attention to atomic composition and chemical makeup, electronic states and band structure, and physical microstructure so that the reader will gain insight into the kinds of materials engineering and processing conditions that are required to produce a material exhibiting a desired optical property. The physical principles are presented on many levels, including a physical explanation, followed by formal mathematical support and examples and methods of measurement. The reader may overlook the equations with no loss of comprehension, or may use the text to find appropriate equations for calculations of optical properties.

  • Photorefractive Optics

    Materials, Properties, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Francis T.S. Yu + 1 more
    • English
    The advances of photorefractive optics have demonstrated many useful and practical applications, which include the development of photorefractive optic devices for computer communication needs. To name a couple significant applications: the large capacity optical memory, which can greatly improve the accessible high-speed CD-ROM and the dynamic photorefractive gratings, which can be used for all-optic switches for high-speed fiber optic networks. This book is an important reference both for technical and non-technical staffs who are interested in this field. Sixteen chapters present the fundamental aspects and the recent advances of photorefractive optics, particularly potential applications in the area of informational infrastructures. The volume begins with the standard photoreactive models, optical properties, wave mixing, hologram formation memories, three-dimensional data storage dynamic, interconnections, space-time processing, and application of photoreflective material to wavefront connection and to femtosecond lasers. The final chapter discusses the dynamic process of photoreflective fibers.Book News, Inc.®, Portland, OR

  • Handbook of Superconductivity

    • 1st Edition
    • Charles K. Poole + 2 more
    • English
    The field of superconductivity has tremendous potential for growth and further development in industrial applications. The subject continues to occupy physicists, chemists, and engineers interested in both the phenomena itself and possible financially viable industrial devices utilizing the physical concepts. For the past five years, within the publications of the American Physical Society, for example, 40%-60% of all articles submitted to major journals in the area of Solid State Physics have been on the subject of superconductivity, including the newer, extremely important subfield of high temperature superconductivity (high Tc).The present volume is the first handbook to address this field. It covers both "classic" superconductivity-re... topics and high Tc. Numerous properties, including thermal, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, phase diagrams, and spectroscopic crystallographic structures are presented for many types of superconductors. Critical fields, critical currents, coherence lengths, penetration depths, and transition temperatures are tabulated.

  • Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 27
    • English
    This volume provides the first comprehensive look at a pivotal new technology in integrated circuit fabrication. For some time researchers have sought alternate processes for interconnecting the millions of transistors on each chip because conventional physical vapor deposition can no longer meet the specifications of today's complex integrated circuits. Out of this research, ionized physical vapor deposition has emerged as a premier technology for the deposition of thin metal films that form the dense interconnect wiring on state-of-the-art microprocessors and memory chips. For the first time, the most recent developments in thin film deposition using ionized physical vapor deposition (I-PVD) are presented in a single coherent source. Readers will find detailed descriptions of relevant plasma source technology, specific deposition systems, and process recipes. The tools and processes covered include DC hollow cathode magnetrons, RF inductively coupled plasmas, and microwave plasmas that are used for depositing technologically important materials such as copper, tantalum, titanium, TiN, and aluminum. In addition, this volume describes the important physical processes that occur in I-PVD in a simple and concise way. The physical descriptions are followed by experimentally-verif... numerical models that provide in-depth insight into the design and operation I-PVD tools. Practicing process engineers, research and development scientists, and students will find that this book's integration of tool design, process development, and fundamental physical models make it an indispensable reference.Key Features:The first comprehensive volume on ionized physical vapor depositionCombines tool design, process development, and fundamental physical understanding to form a complete picture of I-PVDEmphasizes practical applications in the area of IC fabrication and interconnect technologyServes as a guide to select the most appropriate technology for any deposition application

  • Biology in Physics

    Is Life Matter?
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • Konstantin Yu. Bogdanov
    • English
    Biology in Physics is a radical new book which bridges the gap between biology and physics. The aim is to promote an interdisciplinary exchange of scientific information and ideas, in order to stimulate cooperation in research. The scope of this volume explores both the concepts and techniques of biophysics and illustrates the latest advances in our understanding of many of the specific mechanisms that are used by living organisms. This volume represents a special effort to bring together the information that would allow a nonbiologically oriented physicist to appreciate the important role that physics plays in life sciences.

  • Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

    Fundamentals of Plasma Chemistry
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 43
    • English
    This series, established in 1965, is concerned with recent developments in the general area of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. The field is in a state of rapid growth, as new experimental and theoretical techniques are used on many old and new problems. Topics covered also include related applied areas, such as atmospheric science, astrophysics, surface physics, and laser physics.Articles are written by distinguished experts who are active in their research fields. The articles contain both relevant review material as well as detailed descriptions of important recent developments.

  • Electrodynamics of Materials

    Forces, Stresses, and Energies in Solids and Fluids
    • 1st Edition
    • Scipione Bobbio
    • English
    This book is a detailed treatment of volume and surface force-densities and mechanical stresses in electrically and/or magnetically polarized bodies. The classical approach applies equally well to the electric and/or to the magnetic case.The issue of computation of force densities in materials is still a controversial one, but it is very important in many practical applications. These include the design of electric machines and various power apparatus, permanent magnet devices, and piezo-electric actuators and sensors. By combining electrodynamic theory, continuum mechanics and classical thermodynamics, important and reliable formulas for force densities are derived and settled. In particular, the well-known controversy between the Helmholtz and the Kelvin formulas for force densities in linear fluid dielectrics is analyzed in detail in the light of existing experimental results.

  • Advances in Quantum Chemistry

    Thematic title: From Electronic Structure to Time-Dependent Processes
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • Per-Olov Lowdin
    • English
    Advances in Quantum Chemistry publishes articles and invited reviews by leading international researchers in quantum chemistry. Quantum chemistry deals particularly with the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and crystalline matter and describes it in terms of electron wave patterns. It uses physical and chemical insight, sophisticated mathematics and high-speed computers to solve the wave equations and achieve its results. Advances highlights these important, interdisciplinary developments.

  • Instrumentation for Fluid Particle Flow

    • 1st Edition
    • S.L. Soo
    • English
    Some of the most original and productive research specialists in the field of particle-fluid flow systems are assembled in this book, which is an important and current reference volume. The book focuses on methods of measurement and options for engineers

  • Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 42
    • English
    This series, established in 1965, is concerned with recent developments in the general area of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. The field is in a state of rapid growth, as new experimental and theoretical techniques are used on many old and new problems. Topics covered also include related applied areas, such as atmospheric science, astrophysics, surface physics, and laser physics.

  • Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 111
    • Peter W. Hawkes
    • English
    Advances in Imaging & Electron Physics merges two long-running serials--Advances in Electronics & Electron Physics and Advances in Optical & Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

  • Modern Map Methods in Particle Beam Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 108
    • English
    Advances in Imaging & Electron Physics merges two long-running serials--Advances in Electronics & Electron Physics and Advances in Optical & Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

  • Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 110
    • Peter W. Hawkes
    • English
    Advances in Imaging & Electron Physics merges two long-running serials--Advances in Electronics & Electron Physics and Advances in Optical & Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

  • Techniques and Challenges for 300 mm Silicon: Processing, Characterization, Modelling and Equipment

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 81
    • H. Richter + 2 more
    • English
    The activities of the semiconductor industry to introduce a new, large wafer diameter were triggered by expected potential overall savings - cost and resource - and an anticipated increasing demand for Silicon wafers. In the beginning, around 1994, agreement on the diameter of the next wafer generation had to be achieved and finally 300 mm was globally accepted to be the next wafer diameter, a decision obtained at international summits in 1994/1995, based on the work of a SEMI task force. Several workshops on 300 mm wafers have been held by SEMI, JSNM and other organizations during the past few years. However, the present E-MRS conference on Techniques and Challenges for 300 mm Silicon: Processing, Characterization, Modeling and Equipment was the first international scientific conference about this subject. The papers - invited as well as submitted - cover a wide range of subjects, financial issues, fab concepts, crystal growth, wafer process development, material and defect issues, wafer characterization and provide an excellent review of the present status of 300 mm technology.

  • Handbook of Low and High Dielectric Constant Materials and Their Applications, Two-Volume Set

    • 1st Edition
    • Hari Singh Nalwa
    • English
    Recent developments in microelectronics technologies have created a great demand for interlayer dielectric materials with a very low dielectric constant. They will play a crucial role in the future generation of IC devices (VLSI/UISI and high speed IC packaging). Considerable efforts have been made to develop new low as well as high dielectric constant materials for applications in electronics industries. Besides achieving either low or high dielectric constants, other materials' properties such as good processability, high mechanical strength, high thermal and environmental stability, low thermal expansion, low current leakage, low moisture absorption, corrosion resistant, etc., are of equal importance. Many chemical and physical strategies have been employed to get desired dielectric materials with high performance. This is a rapidly growing field of science--both in novel materials and their applications to future packing technologies. The experimental data on inorganic and organic materials having low or high dielectric constant remail scattered in the literature. It is timely, therfore, to consolidate the current knowledge on low and high dielectric constant materials into a sigle reference source.Handbook of Low and High Dielectric Constant Materials and Their Applications is aimed at bringing together under a sigle cover (in two volumes) all low and high dielectric constant materials currently studied in academic and industrial research covering all spects of inorgani an organic materials from their synthetic chemistry, processing techniques, physics, structure-property relationship to applications in IC devices. This book will summarize the current status of the field covering important scientific developments made over the past decade with contributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world. Fully cross-referenced, this book has clear, precise, and wide appeal as an essential reference source for all those interested in low and high dielectric constant material.

  • Understanding the Light Microscope

    A Computer-Aided Introduction
    • 1st Edition
    • D. J. Goldstein
    • English
    Understanding the Light Microscope consists of four original computer programs with an explanatory book. Author Dan Goldstein says using the programs can teach aspects of microscopy and diffraction often missed from formal courses, adding, "... what one non-mathematician has created should not be beyond the understanding of others!" The book aims to provide understanding at a level deeper than customary in existing texts and in a form accessible to microscope users, particularly biologists. It covers simple ray optics, the aberrations of "real" (thick) lenses, polarized light, and the influence of diffraction on imaging. The book can be read alone, but appreciation of its contents is greatly enhanced when used in conjunction with the programs.D J Goldstein was a Nuffield Dominion Travelling Fellow at Oxford University and a visiting Professor in Pittsburgh. He taught at the Universities of the Witwatersrand (Johannesburg, South Africa) and Sheffield (UK) while publishing research in embryology, histology, immunology, histochemistry and microscopy. Since retiring in 1989 as Reader in Anatomy at Sheffield University, he has been an independent research worker in biomedical science.

  • Paint and Surface Coatings

    Theory and Practice
    • 2nd Edition
    • R Lambourne + 1 more
    • English
    This second edition of an established and well received book has been carefully revised, in many instances by the original authors, and enlarged by the addition of two completely new chapters. These deal with the use of computers in the paint industry and with the increasingly important subject of health and safety. The chapter on pigments has also been re-written by an author new to this edition.It was the editor’s intention in the first edition to provide science graduates entering the paint industry with a bridge between academia and the applied science and technology of paints. The great strength and appeal of this book remains that it deals with the technology of paints and surface coatings while also providing a basic understanding of the chemistry and physics of coatings.

  • Free Electron Lasers 1998

    • 1st Edition
    • G.R. Neil + 1 more
    • English
    The FEL field has grown enormously over the last years, which is reflected in the number of papers presented at the 1998 conference. A few specific areas in FEL are particularly active. Several groups are investigating self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) as a route to 0.1 nm FEL. Although the technical challenges are large, a growing portion of the community believes this is a feasible goal and have begun planning 4th generation light sources based on this technique. Already, demonstrations of SASE by many orders of magnitude in an unguided (by external means) optical mode have been achieved in the IR with extension into the UV soon to follow. Other groups are extending the applications of FELs by evolutionary changes in the capabilities of user facilities around the world. Many of these utilize other sources of radiation synchronously with tunable FEL beams. An emerging trend is th use of Thompson scattered photons from the electron beam. Because of the Doppler shift involved, the photons can be up-scattered into the X-ray (keV) or even gamma ray (MeV) regime forming a useful picosecond probe for analysis of materials or nuclear structure. Other groups continue to extend the range of FEL operation and a new record was set this year for short wavelength lasing (210nm) as well as production of the highest CW average power yet for a FEL (311 W).This exhaustive volume will provide the reader with an appreciation of the state of FEL technology and convey also the sense of excitement and interest that exists in the field. Despite the fact that it has been 22 years since the first demonstration of lasing in a FEL oscillator, the field continues to provide interesting areas for study and application.

  • Fundamentals of Radiation Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • A. Mozumder
    • English
    This book describes the physical and chemical effects of radiation interaction with matter. Beginning with the physical basis for the absorption of charged particle radiations, Fundamentals of Radiation Chemistry provides a systematic account of the formation of products, including the nature and properties of intermediate species. Developed from first principles, the coverage of fundamentals and applications will appeal to an interdisciplinary audience of radiation physicists and radiation biologists. Only an undergraduate background in chemistry and physics is assumed as a prerequisite for the understanding of applications in research and industry.

  • Progress in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 39
    • English
    Volume XXXIX presents five review articles dealing with topics of current research interest in optics. The book opens with a chapter dealing with the analytic extension of the concept of geometrical optics rays into the complex domain. The extension is intimately related to inhomogeneous (evanescent) waves, which are currently of particular interest in connection with the rapidly developing area of near-field optics. The results are also relevant to investigations of wave attenuation in absorbing media, and to the understanding of light penetration into geometrical shadow regions, excitation of surface waves and propagation of Gaussian beams. In this article the principles are presented, with special emphasis on the physical significance of complex rays and their applications.

  • Propagating Insight: A Tribute to the Works of Yngve Ohrn

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 35
    • Erkki J. Brändas
    • Per-Olov Lowdin
    • English
    Advances in Quantum Chemistry publishes articles and invited reviews by leading international researchers in quantum chemistry. Quantum chemistry deals particularly with the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and crystalline matter and describes it in terms of electron wave patterns. It uses physical and chemical insight, sophisticated mathematics and high-speed computers to solve the wave equations and achieve its results. Advances highlights these important, interdisciplinary developments.

  • Fourier Acoustics

    Sound Radiation and Nearfield Acoustical Holography
    • 1st Edition
    • Earl G. Williams
    • English
    Intended a both a textbook and a reference, Fourier Acoustics develops the theory of sound radiation uniquely from the viewpoint of Fourier Analysis. This powerful perspective of sound radiation provides the reader with a comprehensive and practical understanding which will enable him or her to diagnose and solve sound and vibration problems in the 21st Century. As a result of this perspective, Fourier Acoustics is able to present thoroughly and simply, for the first time in book form, the theory of nearfield acoustical holography, an important technique which has revolutionised the measurement of sound. Relying little on material outside the book, Fourier Acoustics will be invaluable as a graduate level text as well as a reference for researchers in academia and industry.

  • Crystal Structures

    Lattices and Solids in Stereoview
    • 1st Edition
    • M Ladd
    • English
    This survey of the important types of inorganic and organic crystal structures treats its subject thoroughly and in sufficient depth for undergraduate modules in chemistry courses. Features of this book are the instructions for 3D stereoviewing which is central to a full appreciation of the presentation. Clear directions for making your own stereo have been provided in the book, which enables readers to examine the plentiful stereo of lattices and crystal structures which are illustrated.The introductory chapter explains point-group and space-group symmetry insofar as required to understand lattices and crystal structures. Crystal structures are sub-divided according to the atomic force mainly responsible for cohesion in the solid state, The descriptions of the structures are gi in crystallographic terms, including data on the space group, molecular symmetry and molecular geometry. Discussions of bonding theory for each sub-division of the structures enhance and strengthen the author’s presentation.The book stems from the author’s successful lecture courses, tested and refined in class teaching. It draws as necessary on equilibrium thermodynamics and other chemical topics, with avoidance of advanced mathematics, A level being the prerequisite.

  • Solid State Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 52
    • English
    The explosion of the science of mesoscopic structures is having a great impact on physics and electrical engineering because of the possible applications of these structures in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices of the future. This volume of Solid State Physics consists of two comprehensive and authoritative articles that discuss most of the physical problems that have so far been identified as being of importance in semiconductor nanostructures. Much of the volume is tutorial in characture--while at the same time presenting current and vital theoretical and experimental results and a copious reference list--so it will be essential reading to all those taking a part in the research and development of this emerging technology.

  • Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 26
    • English
    Over twenty years since the appearance of volume 1 of this prestigious series, the rare earths continue to perplex, if not mystify us. There is no doubt that in the next breakthrough to a higher level of human understanding of nature, the rare earth elements and their compounds will play an important part in its elaboration. The reviews contained in this 26th volume continue this quest.Three of the chapters deal with various aspects of the magnetic behaviours of the lanthanide metals and some of their compounds, while the fourth is concerned with the photoelectron spectroscopy of the anomalous f (heavy fermion) systems in cerium and uranium compounds.The first chapter presents information and results gleaned from X-ray scattering studies on the magnetic lanthanide metals, intra lanthanide alloys, a few intermetallic compounds, intra lanthanide superlayers and thin films.Chapter two is concerned with the use of static pressure and alternating mechanical stresses and their effects to study the magnetic properties of the lanthanide metals, alloys and compounds.This is followed by an examination of magnetic systems which are close to the critical conditions for the appearance of magnetic ordering. The authors note that itinerant electron metamagnetism was predicted over 35 years ago, but that the major advances were only discovered over the past decade.One of the prime research tools for understanding 4f and 5f systems is photoelectron spectroscopy and early work is this field was plagued by the lack of single crystals, the poor quality of polycrystalline samples and inadequate theories to interpret photoelectron spectra. This has however changed, and new developments are reviewed in the last chapter.

  • Hydrogen in Semiconductors II

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 61
    • English
    Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The "Willardson and Beer" Series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded. Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.

  • Magnetic Information Storage Technology

    A Volume in the ELECTROMAGNETISM Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Shan X. Wang + 1 more
    • English
    This text explains how hard disk drives operate, how billions of bytes of digital information are stored and accessed, and where the technology is going. In particular, the book emphasizes the most fundamental principles of magnetic information storage, including in-depth knowledge of both magnetics and signal processing methods. Magnetic Information Storage Technology contains many graphic illustrations and an introduction of alternative storage technologies, such as optic disk recording, holographic recording, semiconductor flash memory, and magnetic random access memory.

  • Thin Film Materials for Large Area Electronics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 80
    • B. Equer + 3 more
    • English
    The symposium brought together more than a hundred attendees from many countries including a significant participation from Japan and other East-Asia countries. Many of the trends observed in the 1st Symposium held in 1996 were confirmed: displays are indeed the main application in LAE (photovoltaics were not included in the topics of this symposium) and active matrix display (AMLCD) is still the leading technology. Future AMLCDs integrating the display drivers onto the same substrate require much faster thin-film transistors (TFTs) than those used for LCD addressing, therefore putting a strong demand on polysilicon performances. As a consequence the quest for an improved low temperature, large area (and low cost) polysilicon process is intensive and the competitors, including direct plasma deposition and excimer laser crystallization of amorphous layers, are reporting significant steps forward. With the tremendous demand for efficient colour flat panel displays, other display technologies are gaining interest. Field emission display (FED) is one of them. FEDs based on amorphous tetrahedral carbon thin-films are stimulating intensive studies on the optoelectronic properties of this complex material.Large area pixellized sensors for x-ray radiography and document scanning is another field of application in LAE which has recently reached initial production. Using a TFT or diode pixel addressing similar to AMLCD, this kind of device benefits from most of the AMLCD technology. However these devices present an increased complexity and stringent specifications on noise which in turn means materials with improved electronic transport properties. Finally, LAE is a fast developing area in thin-film research and technology. Initially an all-silicon domain, it now involves a large range of thin-film semiconductors and dielectrics, whose properties need to be fully understood and for which flexible and efficient processes have still to be developed.

  • Rapid Thermal Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 84
    • A. Slaoui + 3 more
    • English
    Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) is a well established single-wafer technology in USLI semiconductor manufacturing and electrical engineering, as well as in materials science. The biggest advantage of RTP is that it eliminates the long-ramp-up and ramp-down times associated with furnaces, enabling a significant reduction in the thermal budget. Today, RTP is in production use for source/drain implant annealing, contact alloying, formation of refractory nitrides and silicides and thin gate dielectric (oxide) formation. The aim of Symposium I was to provide an overview of the latest information on research and development in the different topics cited above. The potential applications of RTP in new areas like large area devices such as flat planel displays and solar cells has to be investigated. About 30 papers were presented in this symposium. The contributions of most interest involved modelling and control, junctions formation and thermal oxidation, deposition and recrystallisation and silicide formations. However, the range of topics and the intent to focus on underlying, fundamental issues like dopant diffusion in silicon from solid sources, strain relaxation and photonic effects, nucleation as well as applications to magnetic films and solar cells devices.

  • Complementarity Beyond Physics (1928-1962)

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • D. Favrholdt
    • English
    This volume is divided into five parts. The title of the volume refers primarily to part I, which is by far the largest and comprises papers discussing the fundamental questions of biology and related psychological and philosophical problems. Following the reproduction of papers brought to publication by Bohr, there is a separate Appendix to Part I including some of Bohr's most interesting and substantive unpublished contributions in this area. The papers in Part I span the last thirty years of Bohr's life and display his great interest in biological problems and his unremitting efforts to show that biology cannot be reduced to physics and chemistry. Part II contains articles of a more general cultural interest. Some of these show that Bohr regarded the complementary perspective to be of value also outside the scientific sphere. Part III contains the articles Bohr wrote about the great Danish philosopher Harald Høffding. These short papers are presented in a section on their own because of the continuing discussion in the history of science about Høffding's possible influence on Bohr's work in physics and his whole scientific approach. Part IV comprises articles illuminating the history of 20th century physics. Bohr had great veneration for his predecessors and teachers, and he prepared these articles with great care. Part V contains correspondence relating to the material in Parts I through IV. As in previous volumes an inventory of relevant unpublished manuscripts held at the Niels Bohr Archive constitutes an appendix to the whole volume.

  • Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Chemically Modified Surfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • J P Blitz + 1 more
    • English
    The field of chemically modified particle surfaces has seen many significant developments. This text covers analytical and synthetic techniques for the development and understanding of these surfaces. Encompassing subjects including self-assembled monolayers, scanning probe microscopies, combinatorial synthetic techniques, plasma polymerizations and molecular modelling of modified surfaces, the book provides a snap-shot of concepts and tools.

  • Semiconductor Lasers II

    Materials and Structures
    • 1st Edition
    • Eli Kapon
    • English
    This volume presents state-of-the-art information on several important material systems and device structures employed in modern semiconductor lasers. The first two chapters discuss several III-V, II-VI, and VI-VI compound semiconductor material systems employed in diode lasers whose emission spectra cover the range from the blue to the mid-infrared. Subsequent chapters describe the elaboration of special laser structures designed for achieving narrow spectral linewidths and wavelength tunability, as well as high power emission devices. The last chapter covers the development of surface emitting diode lasers, particularly vertical cavity structures. In all five chapters, the underlying device physics as well as the state-of-the-art and future trends are discussed. This book introduces the non-expert to the design and fabrication issues involved in the development of these important laser devices. In addition, it reviews the current status of the different material systems and cavity configurations for the benefit of readers engaged in research in this field. Useful background material related to the fundamentals of lasing in semiconductors can be found in the companion volume, Semiconductor Lasers I: Fundamentals.

  • Micromechanics: Overall Properties of Heterogeneous Materials

    • 2nd Edition
    • S. Nemat-Nasser + 1 more
    • English
    In this second edition several new topics of technological interest have been added. These include: coupled mechanical and nonmechanical overall properties of heterogeneous piezoelectric materials, new upper and lower bounds for these coupled properties, a systematic comparison between the average-field theory and the results obtained using multi-scale perturbation theory, an account of the uniform-field theory, improveable bounds on overall moduli of heterogeneous materials which remain finite even when isolated cavities and rigid inclusions are present, and a brief account of a fundamental duality principle in anisotropic elasticity. In addition, better explanations of a number of topics are given, more recent references are added, the Subject Index has been expanded and printing and typographical errors have been corrected.The material is organized into two parts preceded by a précis. Part 1 consists of four chapters which are organized into fourteen sections and four appendixes. It deals with materials with microdefects such as cavities, cracks, and inclusions, as well as with elastic composites. Part 2 consists of two chapters which are divided into seven sections. It provides an introduction to the theory of linear elasticity, added to make the book self-contained, since linear elasticity serves as the basis of the development of small-deformation micromechanics.Part 2 mainly contains part of the lecture notes on elasticity which the first author wrote in the late 1960's. The material is mostly standard, given for background information.

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