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Books in Mathematics

The Mathematics collection presents a range of foundational and advanced research content across applied and discrete mathematics, including fields such as Computational Mathematics; Differential Equations; Linear Algebra; Modelling & Simulation; Numerical Analysis; Probability & Statistics.

BooksJournals

    • Word Problems

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 71
      • April 1, 2000
      • Lev D. Beklemishev
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 9 5 4 8 2 0

    • Logic in Algebraic Form

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 72
      • April 1, 2000
      • Lev D. Beklemishev
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 9 5 4 8 3 7

    • Theory of Relations

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 145
      • December 15, 2000
      • R. Fraisse
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 0 5 4 2 2
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 4 2 0 9
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 1 9 1 1 1
      Relation theory originates with Hausdorff (Mengenlehre 1914) and Sierpinski (Nombres transfinis, 1928) with the study of order types, specially among chains = total orders = linear orders. One of its first important problems was partially solved by Dushnik, Miller 1940 who, starting from the chain of reals, obtained an infinite strictly decreasing sequence of chains (of continuum power) with respect to embeddability. In 1948 I conjectured that every strictly decreasing sequence of denumerable chains is finite. This was affirmatively proved by Laver (1968), in the more general case of denumerable unions of scattered chains (ie: which do not embed the chain Q of rationals), by using the barrier and the better orderin gof Nash-Williams (1965 to 68).Another important problem is the extension to posets of classical properties of chains. For instance one easily sees that a chain A is scattered if the chain of inclusion of its initial intervals is itself scattered (6.1.4). Let us again define a scattered poset A by the non-embedding of Q in A. We say that A is finitely free if every antichain restriction of A is finite (antichain = set of mutually incomparable elements of the base). In 1969 Bonnet and Pouzet proved that a poset A is finitely free and scattered iff the ordering of inclusion of initial intervals of A is scattered. In 1981 Pouzet proved the equivalence with the a priori stronger condition that A is topologically scattered: (see 6.7.4; a more general result is due to Mislove 1984); ie: every non-empty set of initial intervals contains an isolated elements for the simple convergence topology.In chapter 9 we begin the general theory of relations, with the notions of local isomorphism, free interpretability and free operator (9.1 to 9.3), which is the relationist version of a free logical formula. This is generalized by the back-and-forth notions in 10.10: the (k,p)-operator is the relationist version of the elementary formula (first order formula with equality).Chapter 12 connects relation theory with permutations: theorem of the increasing number of orbits (Livingstone, Wagner in 12.4). Also in this chapter homogeneity is introduced, then more deeply studied in the Appendix written by Norbert Saucer.Chapter 13 connects relation theory with finite permutation groups; the main notions and results are due to Frasnay. Also mention the extension to relations of adjacent elements, by Hodges, Lachlan, Shelah who by this mean give an exact calculus of the reduction threshold.The book covers almost all present knowledge in Relation Theory, from origins (Hausdorff 1914, Sierpinski 1928) to classical results (Frasnay 1965, Laver 1968, Pouzet 1981) until recent important publications (Abraham, Bonnet 1999).All results are exposed in axiomatic set theory. This allows us, for each statement, to specify if it is proved only from ZF axioms of choice, the continuum hypothesis or only the ultrafilter axiom or the axiom of dependent choice, for instance.

    • Provability, Computability and Reflection

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 34
      • April 1, 2000
      • Lev D. Beklemishev
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 9 5 7 5 4 8
      The book consists of a selection of the forms of the axiom of choice which appeared in the literature together with additional forms which were obtained in the process of writing the book. Forms which were either used often in practice, unusual, relatively unknown, or particularly weak or strong were chosen for inclusion. The book assumes a knowledge of logic and elementary set theory (von Neumann-Bemays-Godel set theory), but does include a list of definitions of set theoretical symbols and terms in the section entitled "Preliminary Definitions and Theorems".

    • WORD PROBLEMS II

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 95
      • April 1, 2000
      • Lev D. Beklemishev
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 9 5 5 0 3 2

    • Introduction to Global Variational Geometry

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 17
      • April 1, 2000
      • Demeter Krupka
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 9 5 4 2 4 0
      This book provides a comprehensive introduction to modern global variational theory on fibred spaces. It is based on differentiation and integration theory of differential forms on smooth manifolds, and on the concepts of global analysis and geometry such as jet prolongations of manifolds, mappings, and Lie groups. The book will be invaluable for researchers and PhD students in differential geometry, global analysis, differential equations on manifolds, and mathematical physics, and for the readers who wish to undertake further rigorous study in this broad interdisciplinary field. Featured topics- Analysis on manifolds- Differential forms on jet spaces - Global variational functionals- Euler-Lagrange mapping - Helmholtz form and the inverse problem- Symmetries and the Noether’s theory of conservation laws- Regularity and the Hamilton theory- Variational sequences - Differential invariants and natural variational principles

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