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Books in Computer science

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91-100 of 220 results in All results

Artificial Intelligence

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • Earl B. Hunt
  • Edward C. Carterette + 1 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 3 1 7 - 5
Artificial Intelligence provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of artificial intelligence. This book presents the basic mathematical and computational approaches to problems in the artificial intelligence field. Organized into four parts encompassing 16 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various fields of artificial intelligence. This text then attempts to connect artificial intelligence problems to some of the notions of computability and abstract computing devices. Other chapters consider the general notion of computability, with focus on the interaction between computability theory and artificial intelligence. This book discusses as well the concepts of pattern recognition, problem solving, and machine comprehension. The final chapter deals with the study of machine comprehension and reviews the fundamental mathematical and computing techniques underlying artificial intelligence research. This book is a valuable resource for seniors and graduate students in any of the computer-related sciences, or in experimental psychology. Psychologists, general systems theorists, and scientists will also find this book useful.

Optical Computing Hardware

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • Jürgen Jahns + 1 more
  • Sing H. Lee
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 1 8 4 4 - 1
Optical Computing Hardware provides information pertinent to the advances in the development of optical computing hardware. This book discusses the two application areas, namely, high-performance computing and high-throughput photonic switching. Organized into 11 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the requirements on hardware from s system perspective. This text then presents the self-electro-optic-effect devices (SPEED), the vertical-cavity-surface- emitting microlasers (VCSEL), and the vertical-to-surface transmission electrophotonic device (VSTEP). Other chapters consider the fundamental principles of the devices and their operation either as logic devices or for optical interconnection applications. This book discusses as well the planar optical microlens as an example of a refractive microlens of the gradient-index type and explains the diffractive optical elements. The final chapter describes a method for writing and reading optically in parallel from a three-dimensional matrix by means of two-photon interaction in photochromic organic materials. This book is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists, and researchers.

FORTRAN

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • Samuel L. Marateck
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 1 9 4 - 1
FORTRAN is written for students who have no prior knowledge of computers or programming. The book aims to teach students how to program using the FORTRAN language. The publication first elaborates on an introduction to computers and programming, introduction to FORTRAN, and calculations and the READ statement. Discussions focus on flow charts, rounding numbers, strings, executing the program, the WRITE and FORMAT statements, performing an addition, input and output devices, and algorithms. The text then takes a look at functions and the IF statement and the DO Loop, the IF-THEN-ELSE and the WHILE loop, including applications of the DO loop, the LOGICAL declaration statement, library functions, other applications of the IF statement, and writing REAL constants in exponential form. The manuscript ponders on subscripted variables, the DATA statement, and the implied DO loop, doubly subscripted variables and matrix multiplication, input/output, and functions, subprograms, and subroutines. Topics include statement functions, subprograms calling other subprograms, reading using X format, control characters, reading using F format, INTEGER subscripted variables, and matrix multiplication. The publication is a dependable source of data for computer programmers and students interested in the FORTRAN language.

Mechanisms for Reliable Distributed Real-Time Operating Systems

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • J. Duane Northcutt
  • W. Rheinboldt + 1 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 1 8 9 2 - 2
Mechanisms for Reliable Distributed Real-Time Operating Systems: The Alpha Kernel deals with the Alpha kernel, a set of mechanisms that support the construction of reliable, modular, decentralized operating systems for real-time control applications. An initial snapshot of the kernel design and implementation is provided. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with a background on the Alpha operating system kernel and its implementation, followed by a description of the programming abstractions created for the Alpha kernel. The third chapter defines the client interface provided by the kernel in support of the given programming abstractions, while the fourth chapter focuses on the functional design of the kernel. The hardware on which the kernel was constructed, as well as the implications of this hardware on the design and implementation of the kernel, is also examined. The final chapter compares Alpha with other relevant operating systems such as Hydra, Cronus, Eden, Argus, Accent, and Locus. This book will appeal to computer scientists, systems designers, and undergraduate and graduate students of computer science.

Cognitive Sciences

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • Maria Nowakowska
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 1 9 0 0 - 4
Cognitive Sciences: Basic Problems, New Perspectives, and Implications for Artificial Intelligence presents models and theories that describe and analyze some selected topics in the cognitive sciences and their implications for artificial intelligence (AI). These topics range from problems of observability and its restrictions or distortions of the subjective perception of time, to visual perception, memory, and communication. Extensive use is made of fuzzy set theory. Comprised of six chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the distortion of time perception and the relationship between objective and subjective time. An explanatory concept used here is that of a pre-event (being a candidate for an event to be stored in memory) and the concept of a dynamic event-representation of an object (events on events) generated by the perceiver in the process of perceptual work. The discussion then turns to the notion of an event that underlies the theory of time; the semantics of multimedial languages of verbal and non-verbal communication; and problems of the mechanisms underlying the formation of judgments, as well as the problems of expression of these judgments in forms ranging from simple answers to binary questions and the generation of texts or discourses. The book also considers memory and perception before concluding with a description of stochastic models of expertise formation, opinion change, and learning. This monograph will appeal to specialists in the fields of cognitive sciences and AI.

Programming Language Structures

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • Elliott I. Organick + 2 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 4 8 7 - 5
Programming Language Structures deals with the structures of programming languages and introduces the reader to five important programming languages: Algol, Fortran, Lisp, Snobol, and Pascal. The fundamental similarities and differences among these languages are discussed. A unifying framework is constructed that can be used to study the structure of other languages, such as Cobol, PL/I, and APL. Several of the tools and methodologies needed to construct large programs are also considered. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with a summary of the relevant concepts and principles about algorithms, flowcharts, and computation that a student is expected to know from the first course. The discussion then turns to the semantics of procedure and function call as well as argument-parameter matching with various kinds of parameters; recursion and its relation to tree traversal; syntax formalism for context-free languages; and ALGOL 60 and block structuring. Case study programs are presented to reinforce the reader's understanding of ALGOL 60 and Fortran semantics. The remaining chapters deal with Lisp, Snobol, and Pascal. This monograph is intended for working programmers and students in computer science who have an interest in the subject of programming.

Computer Science and Scientific Computing

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • James M. Ortega
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 2 4 8 - 1
Computer Science and Scientific Computing contains the proceedings of the Third ICASE Conference on Scientific Computing held in Williamsburg, Virginia, on April l and 2, 1976, under the auspices of the Institute for Computer Applications in Systems Engineering at the NASA Langley Research Center. The conference provided a forum for reviewing all the aspects of scientific computing and covered topics ranging from computer-aided design (CAD) and computer science technology to the design of large hydrodynamics codes. Case studies in reliable computing are also presented. Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to the use of the hierarchical family concept in the development of scientific programming systems. The discussion then turns to the data structures of scientific computing and their representation and management; some important CAD capabilities required to support aerospace design in the areas of interactive support, information management, and computer hardware advances as well as some computer science developments which may contribute significantly to making such capabilities possible; and the use of symbolic computation systems for problem solving in scientific research. Subsequent chapters deal with computer applications in astrophysics; the possibility of computing turbulence and numerical wind tunnels; and the basis for a general-purpose program for finite element analysis. Software tools for computer graphics are also considered. This monograph will be of value to scientists, systems designers and engineers, and students in computer science who have an interest in the subject of scientific computing.

Dynamic Programming and Its Applications

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • Martin L. Puterman
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 5 8 9 4 - 2
Dynamic Programming and Its Applications provides information pertinent to the theory and application of dynamic programming. This book presents the development and future directions for dynamic programming. Organized into four parts encompassing 23 chapters, this book begins with an overview of recurrence conditions for countable state Markov decision problems, which ensure that the optimal average reward exists and satisfies the functional equation of dynamic programming. This text then provides an extensive analysis of the theory of successive approximation for Markov decision problems. Other chapters consider the computational methods for deterministic, finite horizon problems, and present a unified and insightful presentation of several foundational questions. This book discusses as well the relationship between policy iteration and Newton's method. The final chapter deals with the main factors severely limiting the application of dynamic programming in practice. This book is a valuable resource for growth theorists, economists, biologists, mathematicians, and applied management scientists.

Mathematical Software

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • John R. Rice
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 7 1 4 - 2
Mathematical Software III contains the proceedings of the Symposium on Mathematical Software held in Madison, Wisconsin, on March 28-30, 1977, under the auspices of the Mathematics Research Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The papers focus on software designed for mathematical applications such as LINPACK for the solution of linear systems and least squares problems and ELLPACK for elliptic partial differential equations. Comprised of 14 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of LINPACK, a software package designed to solve linear systems and least squares problems. The reader is then introduced to an extension to the exchange algorithm for solving overdetermined linear equations; infallible calculation of polynomial zeros to specified precision; and representation and approximation of surfaces. Subsequent chapters discuss the ways in which mathematical software and exploratory data analysis should interact to satisfy their respective needs; production of mathematical software; computational aspects of the finite element method; and multi-level adaptive techniques for partial differential equations. The book also describes a realistic model of floating-point computation before concluding with an evaluation of the Block Lanczos method for computing a few of the least or greatest eigenvalues of a sparse symmetric matrix. This monograph should be of considerable interest to students and specialists in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

An Introduction to Data Base Design

  • 1st Edition
  • May 10, 2014
  • Betty Joan Salzberg
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 0 4 8 - 7
An Introduction to Data Base Design provides an understanding of how data base management systems (DBMS) work to be able to use any available commercial DBMS intelligently. This book presents the principle of independence of physical and local organization. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of normal form theory. This text then describes the three types of DBMS. Other chapters consider the difficulties in processing queries where the names of the files are not mentioned. This book discusses as well how to group data hierarchically, how to use a preorder tree traversal to represent the data, and how to convert a network organization to a hierarchical one. The final chapter deals with four essential issues in data base theory, namely, recovery, security, integrity, and concurrency. This book is a valuable resource for computer science students in the junior or senior year, and people in industry who are doing technical work using data bases.