Emerging Sensors for Environmental Monitoring presents a comprehensive overview of chemical sensors, ranging from the choice of material to sensor validation, modeling, simulation, and manufacturing. It discusses the process of data collection by intelligent techniques such as deep learning and multivariate analysis, incorporates different types of sensors, and discusses each under a common set of sub-sections so that readers can fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant transducers—depending on the design, transduction mode, and final applications.This book provides a practical reference for Scientists, Researchers, Students, and Practitioners to deepen their knowledge base on the management of emerging contaminants, degradation of air, soil and water quality and indicators of ecological degradation.
Langmuir-Blodgett Films: Fundamentals to Applications consists of a detailed introduction to Langmuir-Blodget (LB) film preparation techniques and the basic principles involved. The book discusses different characterization techniques, highlighting potential applications of LB films with a special emphasis on molecular electronics applications. Examples of ongoing research and exercises highlighting applications in the real world are documented throughout. In addition, special emphasis is given to highlight the key challenges and future potential applications of LB film technique in various devices. This useful resource will help researchers, especially new comers, find new direction for their initiatives.
Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems: Stabilisation and Limit Cycle Generation explains the concepts of stabilization and stable limit cycle generation for the class of underactuated mechanical systems. The book demonstrates the proposed concepts through real-time experiments on a real UMS subject and explores the challenges and constraints related to real-time control design. These concepts are illustrated in terms of the modeling and control of systems, such as the inertia wheel inverted pendulum (IWIP). This book serves as a valuable resource for PhD and Master students, engineers, researchers, and teachers.This book is organized into three parts: Part I: General context and case study; Part II: Control solutions for the stabilization problem; Part III: Control solutions for stable limit cycle generation. The final part addresses the problem of stable limit cycle generation, where the proposed control solution is detailed, as well as its related issues of implementation and validation through different case studies. Its content guides them in the field of robotics and automatic control, with a simplified methodology to control dynamical underactuated mechanical systems.
Green Materials are materials that are understood to have at least one of the two following attributes: sustainability or low environmental impact. Optimally, they have these two labels simultaneously.Comprehensive Green Materials, 4 volume set, is the first fully-integrated resource to provide a full and comprehensive source of information and knowledge for both researchers and practitioners around the world on the fundamental, characteristics, applications, latest developments and case studies of Green Materials. Each in-depth review chapter is written by internationally recognized experts and contributions come from scientists working in a broad range of topics, including materials science, green energy, green industry and construction, engineering and green chemistry.
Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids: Principles, Methodology, and Applications, Third Edition provides a comprehensive treatment of all aspects of adsorption at both the gas/solid interface and the liquid/solid interface, while also covering the application aspects of adsorption. The book gives an introductory review of the various theoretical and practical aspects of adsorption by powders and porous solids with reference to advanced techniques and applications (including separation of industrial gases and pollution control, catalysis, gas storage) involving materials of technological importance. It is primarily written for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, lecturers, researchers, and practitioners in physical chemistry, materials science, surface science, and chemical engineering.The book's primary aim is to meet the needs of students and non-specialists who are new to surface science or who wish to use the advanced techniques now available for the determination of surface area, pore size and surface characterization. In addition, for this fully updated third edition, a critical account is given of the most recent work on the adsorptive properties of activated carbons, oxides, clays, zeolites, and MOF’s.
Advances in Bio-Based Materials for Construction and Energy Efficiency fills a gap in the published literature, discussing bio-based materials and biotechnologies that are crucial for a more sustainable construction industry. With comprehensive coverage and contributions from leading experts in the field, the book includes sections on bio-based materials and biotechnologies for infrastructure applications, bio-based materials and biotechnologies for building energy efficiency, and other applications, such as using biotechnology to reduce indoor air pollution, for water treatment, and in soil decontamination. The book will be an essential reference resource for academic researchers, civil engineers, contractors working in construction works, postgraduate students and other professionals.
The Foundations of Rheology discusses the main theoretical concepts of rheology as well as its practical applications in medicine, engineering, pharmacology, process technology, marine settings, cosmetics, and more. The book starts with coverage of the fundamental aspects of continuum mechanics that define stresses and related deformations, describing key principles, such as equations of conservation and applications of continuum mechanics in rheology. Discussion of the commonly understood principles of flow follows, such as those in Newtonian liquids and Hookean solids, as well as more complex phenomena of plasticity and linear viscosity. Non-linear effects in rheology are covered next, which includes fundamental treatment of non-Newtonian viscosity, elasticity of liquids, nonlinear viscoelasticity, and structural and temporary effects. Topics that are essential for commercial applications of many products such as thixotropy, other principles of structure formation, phase transitions, and system heterogeneities are also discussed. Subsequent chapters concentrate on applications of rheology to polymeric and dispersed systems, including discussion of the effects of molecular weight, concentration, temperature, elasticity, as well as instabilities, viscoelasticity, uniaxial extension, stress, rheokinetics, and structural transitions. The final chapter is devoted to the measurements of rheological properties with different types of viscometers, rheometers, plastometers, and penetrometers, including all available and most modern methods of measurement, their practical applications, and interpretations of results. Each chapter contains questions and answers to help readers check their mastery of the subject, and further elaborate on discussed topics.
Databook of Antioxidants, Second Edition is divided into five sections covering general information, physical properties, health and safety considerations, ecological properties and the use and performance of each featured antioxidant. A general information section includes CAS #, common name/synonym, acronym, chemical category, moisture content, and more. The physical properties section features data on state, odor, color (Gardner and Platinum-cobalt scales), acid number, ash contents, and other characteristics. The health and safety section displays data on flashpoint, autoignition temperatures, explosive LEL and UEL, NFPA flammability and reactivity, ingestion, first aid, and beyond. The ecological properties portion of the book contains data on biodegradation probability, aquatic toxicity LC50, and partition coefficients, and the book concludes with a chapter on use and performance considerations with information on manufacturer, outstanding properties, typical applications, recommended dosage, concentration used, food approval, and more. This book is an excellent companion to the Handbook of Antioxidants, the 2nd edition of which has also been published recently. Both books supplement each other without repeating the same information – one contains data another theory, mechanisms of action, practical effects and implications of application.
Handbook of Antioxidants, Second Edition provides a wealth of information on the mechanics, practical effects, and applications of a wide range of antioxidants. The book starts by introducing the general concepts relating to antioxidants and their application, then segues into a discussion on existing natural and synthetic antioxidants, characterizing their general properties and application. Formation and action of oxidizing species in living organisms, ambient air, industrial environments, and chemical reactions are covered next. Subsequent chapters cover the theories and mechanisms of stabilization, performance indicators, antioxidant selection, degradation and stabilization of different polymers and rubbers, specific effects on other components of formulation, and analytical methods. This book is an excellent companion to the Databook of Antioxidants, the 2nd edition of which has also recently published. Both books supplement each other without repeating the same information – one contains data another theory, mechanisms of action, practical effects and implications of application.
Handbook of Material Weathering, Seventh Edition is an essential guide to the effects of weathering on polymers and industrial products, presenting theory, stress factors, methods of weathering and testing and the effects of additives and environmental stress cracking. The book provides graphical illustrations and numerical data to examine the weathering of major polymers and industrial products, including mechanisms of degradation, effect of thermal processes, and characteristic changes in properties. The book also discusses recycling, corrosion and weathering, and the weathering of stone. This book is an important reference source for those involved in studying material durability, producing materials for outdoor use and actinic exposure, research chemists in the photochemistry field, chemists and material scientists designing new materials, users of manufactured products, those who control the quality of manufactured products and students who want to apply their knowledge to real materials.