Starch Polymers

Dedication

Contributors

Acknowledgments

Preface

Introduction

I: Introduction

Chapter 1: Starch Polymers: From the Field to Industrial Products

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Starch Sources

3 Starch Production and Main Outputs

4 Starch Modification

5 Nonfood Starch Polymer Material Applications

6 Conclusions

II: Starch Genetics

Chapter 2: Genetically Modified Starch: State of Art and Perspectives

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Modification of Starch Quality

3 Starch Modification to Lower Amylose Content

4 Starch Modification to Elevate Amylose Content

5 Modifying Starch Quantity in Storage Tissues

6 Modifying Starch Granule Size

7 New Methods for Gene Modification to Alter Starch Biosynthesis

8 Conclusions

Chapter 3: "Structure-Property" Relationships of Genetically Modified Starch

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Novel Starch Materials

3 Macromolecular Properties

4 Granular Properties

5 Thermal Properties

6 Overall Structure-Property Relationships

7 Conclusions

III: Novel Starch Modified by Biotechnology

Chapter 4: Starch Modification by Biotechnology: State of Art and Perspectives

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Starch Biosynthesis and Mutants in the Starch Biosynthetic Pathway

3 Starch Degradation and Mutants in the Starch Breakdown

4 Expression of Heterologous Enzymes in Plants

5 Industrial Application of Improved Starches

IV: Novel Starch Modified by Chemistry

Chapter 5: Starch Modification to Develop Novel Starch-Biopolymer Blends: State of Art and Perspectives

Abstract

1 Starch Structure

2 Starch Functionality

3 Modification of Starch

4 Physically Modified Starches

5 Chemical Modification

6 Starch Modification and Resistant Starch

7 Starch Modification: Biodegradable TPS

8 Modified Starch as Encapsulation and Controlled Release

Chapter 6: Chemically Modified Starch; Allyl- and Epoxy-Starch Derivatives: Their Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis and Characterization of Allyl Starch

3 Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy-Starch Derivatives

4 Future Perspectives

V: Structures and Properties of Novel Starch-Based Materials

Chapter 7: Mechanical Properties of Starch-Based Plastics

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

2 Processing of Starch into Thermoplastic Materials

3 Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Starch-Based Materials

4 Effect of Testing Conditions

5 Properties of Starch-Based Blends

6 Summary and Perspectives

Chapter 8: Nanobiocomposites Based on Plasticized Starch

Abstract

1 Plasticized Starch

2 Starch-Based Nanobiocomposites

3 Conclusions

VI: Novel Characterisation Methods

Chapter 9: Starch NMR

Abstract

1 General Principles

2 Chemical and Physical Information

3 Conclusions and Perspectives

VII: Novel Processing

Chapter 10: Processing of Plasticized Starch-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Plasticization of Starch

3 Extrusion Processing of Plasticized Starch-Based Materials

4 Other Processing Techniques for Plasticized Starch-Based Materials

5 Summary and Future Perspective

Chapter 11: Reactive Extrusion for Thermoplastic Starch-Polymer Blends

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Materials

3 Results and Discussion

4 Discussion

5 Conclusions

VIII: Degradation and Biodegradation

Chapter 12: Degradation and Biodegradation Standards for Starch-Based and Other Polymeric Materials

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Biobased Standard Test Method

3 Industrial Compost Environment

4 Marine Environment

5 Anaerobic Digestion

6 Active Landfill

Chapter 13: Effects of Formulation, Structure, and Processing on Biodegradation of Starches

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Methods of Measuring Biodegradation

3 Biodegradation of Starches

4 Biodegradation of Starch-Polymer Blends

5 Biodegradation of Starch Composites

6 Conclusions

IX: Applications

Chapter 14: Starch Applications: State of Market and New Trends

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

2 Bioplastics: Background

3 Market Drivers for Bioplastics

4 The Global Bioplastics Market

5 Processing of Starch Plastics

6 Starch Application Areas

7 Leading Starch-Based Polymer Producers

8 Key Issues, Barriers, and Opportunities for Starch Plastics

9 End-of-Life Issues for Starch Plastics

10 Conclusions and Perspectives

Chapter 15: Starch Plastic Packaging and Agriculture Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Starch Properties

3 Plastics and the Environment

4 Plastic Uses

5 Starch-Based Plastics

6 Future Prospects

Index