Some Biological Techniques in Electron Microscopy

List of Contributors

Preface

I. Problems in High Resolution Electron Microscopy of Biological Materials in Their Natural State

I. Introduction

II. Resolution Limitations of Present Day Electron Microscopes

III. Biological High Voltage (1 MeV) Electron Microscopy and Reduction of Specimen Damage

IV. New Methods of Obtaining Contrast

V. Conclusions

References

II. Chemical Effects of Fixation on Biological Specimens

I. Introduction

II. Osmium Tetroxide Fixation

III. Permanganate Fixation

IV. Recent Techniques of Specimen Preparation

References

III. Present Status of Freezing Techniques

I. Introduction

II. Physical Basis of Freezing Techniques

III. Processing for Examination

IV. Conclusions

References

IV. Reducing the Effect of Substrate Noise in Electron Images of Biological Objects

I. Introduction

II. Effect of Substrate on Image

III. Effect of Beam Potential

IV. Substrate Structure

V. Self-Supporting Films

VI. Ideal Substrate

VII. Optical Means for Removing Noise

VIII. Conclusion

References

V. Automation in Tissue Processing for Electron Microscopy

I. Tissue Processors

II. Fixation, Dehydration, and Embedding

III. Future Prospects

References

Author Index

Subject Index