Smart Textiles from Natural Resources

Smart Textiles from Natural Resources is an interdisciplinary guide for best practices and emerging challenges in the use of natural textiles in smart applications. The movement towards smart textiles has attracted researchers from many fields creating multidisciplinary research frontiers with nanoscience, smart materials and structures, microelectronics, and wireless communication. This groundbreaking book provides technical advice and foundational support to researchers from all of these backgrounds. Each chapter in is written, reviewed, and edited to cover the principles of manufacture, process techniques and mechanisms, and state-of-the-art construction specifications, properties, test methods, and standards of major product areas and applications.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
About the editor
Preface
Part 1: Fundamentals of smart textiles
Chapter 1. An overview of smart textiles from natural resources
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Adsorption hydrogels
1.3 Stimuli-responsive hydrogels
1.4 Self-healing hydrogels
1.5 Application material in intelligent textile protection
1.6 Conclusion
1.7 Future scope
References
Chapter 2. Fabric structures and design—their impact on smart clothing
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Details of structural design
2.3 Different structures and their importance
2.4 How structural design affects various characteristics of fabric
2.5 What is smart textiles/clothing?
2.6 Design aspect of smart clothing
2.7 Conclusion
2.8 The future scope of smart clothing
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3. Cotton and other cellulose fibres for comfort smart clothing
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Origin of cotton and other cellulosic fibres
3.3 Memoir and development of smart textiles
3.4 Comfort smart textiles
3.5 Characterization of cotton-based smart textile
3.6 Advantages and disadvantages of cotton and cellulose-based comfort smart clothing
3.7 Application of cotton and cellulose-based comfort smart clothing
3.8 The recent development of cotton and cellulose-based comfort smart clothing
3.9 Conclusion
3.10 Future prospects
References
Chapter 4. Silk as a smart material for medical textiles, particularly as an artificial vascular graft
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Recent advances in the silk fibroin fibre structure, mainly the lamellar structure, studied using solid-state NMR
4.3 Preparation of silk vascular grafts
4.4 Characterization of silk fibroin grafts
4.5 Evaluation of small-diameter silk vascular grafts in vivo
4.6 Transgenic silk fibroin more suitable for vascular graft
4.7 Conclusion
4.8 Future prospect
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5. Nanotechnology for smart textiles—recent development and applications
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Smart textiles
5.3 Nanomaterials for textiles
5.4 Nanobased finishing
5.5 Nanobased functional textiles
5.6 Conclusion
5.7 Current challenges and future scope
References
Chapter 6. Microencapsulation technology for smart textile coatings
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Microencapsulation of polymers
6.3 Natural polymers for encapsulation for smart textiles
6.4 Microencapsulation formulation and release mechanism
6.5 Application of microcapsule on the fabric surface
6.6 Application of microcapsule-encapsulated fabric for smart textile applications
6.7 Characterization of microcapsules for smart textile applications
6.8 Conclusion
6.9 Future trends
References
Chapter 7. Stimuli-responsive textile materials: scientific approaches and technical behaviour
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Photochromic textiles
7.3 Thermochromic textiles
7.4 Solvatochromic textiles
7.5 Electrochromic textiles
7.6 Piezochromic textiles
7.7 pH-sensitive smart textiles
7.8 Mechanochromic textiles
7.9 Phase-change materials
7.10 Ionochromic materials
7.11 Conclusion
7.12 Future challenges
References
Chapter 8. Processing techniques, test methods, and regulatory standards of smart textiles
Abstract
8.1 General overview of smart textiles
8.2 Synthesis of smart textiles
8.3 Techniques of processing smart textiles
8.4 Methods for testing smart textiles
8.5 Regulatory standards on production and applications of smart textiles
8.6 Recent advances in smart textiles
8.7 Conclusion
8.8 Future trends on smart textiles
References
Chapter 9. Biodegradability, sustainability, and life cycle assessment of smart textiles
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Biodegradability
9.3 Sustainability
9.4 Life cycle assessment
9.5 Examples of naturally occurring smart textiles and their properties and applications
9.6 Conclusion
9.7 Future perspectives
References
Part 2: Smart e-textiles and wearable textiles
Chapter 10. Electrically conducting fibres for smart clothing and applications
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Electrically conductive polymers to produce conductive fibres
10.3 Production of electrically conductive textiles
10.4 Electrically conductive fibres from natural resources
10.5 Factors affecting the fibres’ electrical conductivity
10.6 Methods of enhancing fibre electrical conductivity
10.7 Applications of electrically conductive fibres for smart clothing
10.8 Conclusions
10.9 Future perspectives
Acknowledgements
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 11. Sustainable e-textiles—development and importance
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Fundamentals of e-textiles
11.3 Development of e-textiles
11.4 Impact of e-textile waste
11.5 Life cycle assessment
11.6 Biodegradability of the product
11.7 Recyclability
11.8 Conclusions
11.9 Future perspective
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12. Nonwoven textiles in smart and wearable technologies
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Smart and wearable technology
12.3 Conclusion
12.4 Future scope
References
Chapter 13. Wearable smart textiles—recent development and applications
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Classification and types of wearable smart textiles
13.3 Materials and components used in wearable smart textiles
13.4 Stimuli-responsive wearable smart textiles
13.5 Application of wearable smart textiles
13.6 Emerging applications of wearable smart textiles
13.7 Smart textiles of natural resources
13.8 Recent developments of wearable smart textiles
13.9 Smart technology in wearable smart textiles
13.10 Smart textiles through bio-inspired innovation
13.11 Recent development of smart textiles through bio-inspired innovation
13.12 Conclusion
13.13 Challenges and future scope
References
Chapter 14. Smart e-textiles in sensors, actuators, and computing systems
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Sensors
14.3 Actuators
14.4 Electronic and computing integration
14.5 Conclusion
14.6 Future scope
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15. Biomimetic approaches to the design of smart textiles
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Hydrophilic surfaces
15.3 Hydrophobic surfaces
15.4 Stimuli-sensitive surfaces
15.5 UV-protective surfaces
15.6 Photonic crystal surfaces
15.7 Natural biomimetic textiles in personalized health applications
15.8 Conclusion
15.9 Future scope and perspectives
References
Part 3: Health applications of smart textiles
Chapter 16. Smart bio-textiles for medicine and healthcare applications
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Structural properties of bio-textiles
16.3 Production processes of bio-textiles
16.4 Smart bio-textile applications for medicine and health care
16.5 Conclusion
16.6 Future outlook and trends
References
Chapter 17. Phase-change and shape-memory materials for smart medical textiles
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Biomedical shape-memory polymers
17.3 Application of shape-memory polymers in the field of medical devices
17.4 Application of shape-memory polymer in bone field
17.5 Application of shape-memory polymers in the field of drug release
17.6 Application of shape-memory polymers in bioelectronic medicine
17.7 Conclusion
17.8 Future challenges
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 18. Smart intelligent textiles for monitoring patients with heart conditions
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Historical overview of smart heart condition monitoring systems
18.3 Comparative advantages of smart intelligent heart disease monitoring
18.4 Design of smart intelligent heart disease monitoring system
18.5 User privacy, ethics, and security
18.6 Conclusion
18.7 Future perspective
References
Chapter 19. Smart medical clothing for disabled and aged people
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Medical clothing for the elderly and the disabled
19.3 Medical garments for the purpose of protection
19.4 Medical garments for the purpose of treatment
19.5 Clothing products for caring purpose
19.6 Natural resources used in medical clothing
19.7 Special application of medical clothing from natural resources for elderly and disabled
19.8 Conclusion
19.9 Future prospects of developing apparel for the elderly and the disabled
References
Chapter 20. Intelligent textiles for monitoring physiological parameters
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Sensor technology
20.3 Textile-based sensors for personalized healthcare systems
20.4 Computing physiological signals in vivo by wearable textile sensors
20.5 Concluding remarks and future outlook
Declarations
Acknowledgements
Author contributions
Conflict of interest
References
Part 4: Other major technical applications of smart textiles
Chapter 21. Architectural applications of smart textiles
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Current developments in cutting-edge architecture and intelligent fabrics for architectural applications
21.3 Nanotechnology
21.4 Nanomaterials
21.5 Smart textiles
21.6 Applications
21.7 Electronic textiles and conductive textiles
21.8 Smart textiles function in architecture
21.9 Nano-architecture
21.10 Nanotechnology and sustainable design: architecture
21.11 Conclusion
21.12 Future trends
References
Chapter 22. Smart biotextiles for automotive applications
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Smart biotextile material classification and definition
22.3 Critical issues in automotive applications and textile material requirements
22.4 Recent smart bio-textile materials for the automotive sector
22.5 Smart bio-textile applications for automotive interior parts
22.6 Discussion, challenges, and future research
22.7 Conclusion
22.8 Future prospect
Acknowledgements
Data availability statement
Declaration of competing interest
References
Chapter 23. Heat- and energy-harvesting technology for smart textiles and applications
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Energy-harvesting materials for smart clothing applications
23.3 Piezoelectric energy harvesting
23.4 Thermoelectric energy harvesting for smart textiles
23.5 Two-dimensional material energy harvesting for smart clothing
23.6 Conclusions
23.7 Future perspectives
Acknowledgements
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 24. High-performance smart textiles for construction and geotechnical applications
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Fabrication and recent development in smart textiles
24.3 Types and applications of smart textiles
24.4 Smart textiles in the construction industry
24.5 Smart textiles in geotechnical applications
24.6 Challenges facing the development of smart textiles
24.7 Conclusion
24.8 Future perspectives of smart textiles in construction and geotechnical industries
References
Chapter 25. Smart clothing in communication technology—recent development
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Smart clothing: brief background
25.3 Smart clothing for healthcare applications: need of the time
25.4 The role of communication technology in healthcare applications
25.5 Building blocks of communication technology
25.6 Applications
25.7 Silk fibroin-based wearable and implantable communication technology
25.8 Ecofriendly degumming of cocoons by using ginger
25.9 FTIR studies of degumming of cocoons by using ginger
25.10 Conclusion
25.11 Future perspective
Acknowledgment
References
Part 5: Environmental aspects
Chapter 26. Environmental aspects, health issues and waste management of smart textile products
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Classification of smart textile products
26.3 Functions of smart textile products
26.4 Applications of smart textile products
26.5 Environmental and health aspects of smart textile products
26.6 Waste management in smart textile products
26.7 Conclusion
26.8 The Future of smart textiles and the potential for clean and green technologies in smart textile processing
References
Index

Smart Textiles from Natural Resources

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Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal