Small Lungs and Obstructed Airways
Reassessing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 1st Edition - October 21, 2024
- Editor: Peter Burney
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 9 2 2 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 9 2 1 - 5
Small Lungs and Obstructed Airways: Reassessing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease proposes an alternative perspective to current explanations for the distribution of… Read more
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Request a sales quoteSmall Lungs and Obstructed Airways: Reassessing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease proposes an alternative perspective to current explanations for the distribution of chronic lung disease. The book considers the link between chronic respiratory disease and associated mortality with smaller lungs rather than obstructed airways and explores other factors contributing to poor lung health besides the current emphasis on the roles of air pollution, occupational exposures, and cardio-metabolic disease. It presents the findings of the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, sharing new views on the prevalence of obstructive lung disease and risk factors across various global regions. Sections cover decreased lung function, including the prevalent views on the impact of both household and external air pollution, occupational exposure, and the prenatal and postnatal/childhood environment in the etiology of impaired lung function and COPD. The book then moves on to discussions on the impact poverty and nutrition has on lung health, sharing the findings of the BOLD study regarding its effect on lung function and risk of COPD in lower-income countries. The book closes with a chapter outlining the clinical and public health implications of the findings discussed in the book.
- Evaluates the role of environmental and lifestyle risk factors in lung health and disease, including pollution, occupational exposures, early infection in childhood, poverty, and diet
- Provides new perspectives on the significance of low lung volumes vs. chronic airflow obstruction, considering lower adult lung function as a predictor of poorer respiratory health, mortality, and potential comorbidities
- Shares findings from the international Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, including analysis in low-income countries
Researchers in respiratory medicine, Epidemiologists, Pulmonologists and respiratory physiologists, Students in related areas
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- Lung function and health
- The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study
- The limitations of spirometry
- Chapter 2. How much lung function is too little?
- Why convert continuous to binary measures—the clinical imperative
- What do we mean by abnormality?
- Developing prediction equations
- Using prediction equations
- Which prediction equations to use and how many do we need?
- Summary
- Chapter 3. Indoor and outdoor environment
- Indoor environment
- Systematic reviews of cross-sectional studies on household air pollution and COPD
- Longitudinal studies on household air pollution and COPD
- Randomized controlled trials on household air pollution and lung function
- Controlled human exposure to wood smoke
- Outdoor environment
- Cross-sectional studies on outdoor air pollution and COPD
- Longitudinal studies on outdoor air pollution and COPD
- Controlled human exposure to traffic-related particles
- Conclusion
- Chapter 4. Occupational exposures
- Introduction
- General principles
- Selection and survival
- Measuring exposures in workplaces
- Workforce studies
- Population-based studies
- Measuring lung function in the workplace
- Influence of smoking
- Occupational exposures and fibrotic or nodular parenchymal lung disease
- Silica
- Asbestos
- Coal mine dust
- Pneumoconiosis and lung function
- Airway obstruction and specific workplace exposures
- Coal mine dust and airway obstruction
- Silica and airway obstruction
- Welding fume and airway obstruction
- Other exposures
- Work and airflow obstruction in population-based studies
- Chapter 5. Infection
- Lower respiratory tract infection in early life and adult lung function
- Population-based historical cohort studies
- Population-based prospective cohorts
- Interpretation and public health implications
- Chronic bronchitis, infections, and lung function
- Chronic bronchitis and chronic mucus hypersecretion
- Chronic mucus hypersecretion and mortality
- CMH and lung function
- CMH and COPD
- Microbiota
- Tuberculosis
- Chapter 6. Poverty
- Measurements of poverty and deprivation
- Deprivation and mortality from chronic lung disease
- Lung function and poverty
- The LIFEPATH study
- The BOLD study
- Assessment of socioeconomic status in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease project
- Relation of household poverty to airflow obstruction in the BOLD study
- Relation of household poverty to the FVC in the BOLD study
- The ecological association between poverty and FVC
- Summary
- Chapter 7. Diet and nutrition
- Introduction
- Diet and lung function
- Overall diet quality—Dietary patterns beneficial for lung health
- Fruits and vegetables
- Flavonoids
- Potentially harmful foods for lung health
- Ultraprocessed foods
- Alcohol
- New frontiers to investigate the role of diet on lung health
- The microbiome, diet, and lung health
- Gaps in the evidence on diet and lung function
- Use of comparable dietary questionnaires and FCTs
- Lack of evidence from vulnerable populations in LMICs and from women
- Conclusions
- Chapter 8. Early life origins of impaired adult lung function∗
- Lung function trajectories
- Genetics
- Prenatal risk factors
- Birth weight
- Maternal diet and nutrition
- Maternal smoking and other toxic exposures
- Postnatal risk factors
- Research questions and public health implications
- Chapter 9. Interventions for the prevention and mitigation of chronic lung disease
- What is the problem we need to prevent and mitigate?
- Asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Small lung syndrome
- Consequences of chronic lung disease
- Persistent symptoms and limitation of function
- Lung attacks
- Implications for interventions
- Role of comorbidity and complications
- Comorbidity
- Complications
- What are we trying to achieve with interventions?
- Primary prevention
- Allow optimal lung growth and prevention of lung damage
- Prevent type 2 airway inflammation leading to asthma
- Secondary prevention: Early detection and intervention to induce cure or remission
- Tertiary prevention: Interventions to cure or mitigate the chronic lung disease
- Treatment of asthma with inhaled corticosteroids
- Treatment targeting specific elements of the type 2 inflammatory cascade (“biologicals”) in asthma
- Treatment of asthma with combination rapid-onset beta-2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroids, used as required
- Macrolide antibiotics
- Treatment of “COPD” with long-acting bronchodilators (LABA and/or long-acting muscarinic antagonist)
- Role of inhaled steroids in COPD
- Preventing viral infections
- Exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation
- Long-term home oxygen
- Implementation: Equitable and effective delivery of prevention and care, leaving no-one behind
- Chapter 10. Summary and conclusion
- Summary and conclusion
- Genetic determinants of lung function
- Environmental origins of CAO
- Environmental origins of small lung syndrome
- FEV1 or FVC?
- Clinical samples or general population samples?
- The disregard of chronic lung disease
- Improving lung health
- Abbreviations used in the text
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 208
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 21, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443139222
- eBook ISBN: 9780443139215
PB
Peter Burney
Peter Burney is emeritus professor of respiratory epidemiology and public health at the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College, London, UK. He held posts as Lecturer, Senior Lecturer and Reader at the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals and spent a year as a visiting associate professor in the department of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in Baltimore, USA.
He was Honorary Director of the Department of Health’s Social Medicine and Health Services Research Unit 1994-2011 and Chairman for the Division of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (KCL) 1998-2005. Since initiating the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in 1988 he has had leading roles on several international studies. The most recent involvement has been as principal investigator for the extension to the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) to more low-income countries and BOLD II, a follow-up study.
Affiliations and expertise
Emeritus Professor of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UKRead Small Lungs and Obstructed Airways on ScienceDirect