Side Effects of Drugs Annual

A worldwide yearly survey of new data in adverse drug reactions

1st Edition, Volume 37 - November 4, 2015
Editor: Sidhartha D. Ray
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 5 2 5 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 5 3 1 - 0

Side Effects of Drugs Annual: A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data in Adverse Drug Reactions was first published in 1977, and has been continually published as a yearly update… Read more

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Side Effects of Drugs Annual: A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data in Adverse Drug Reactions was first published in 1977, and has been continually published as a yearly update to the voluminous encyclopedia Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. Each Annual provides clinicians and medical investigators with a reliable and critical survey of new data and trends in the area of adverse drug reactions and interactions, with an international team of specialists contributing their expertise each year.

Preface

Special Reviews in SEDA 37

Table of Essays, Annuals 1–36

Abbreviations

ADRs, ADEs and SEDs: A Bird's Eye View

I Introduction
References on Adverse Drug Reactions
II Pharmacogenomics Considerations
References Pharmacogenomics Considerations
III Immunological Reactions
References
IV Analysis of Toxicological Reactions
References
V Grades of Adverse Drug Reactions
References
VI FDA Pregnancy Categories/Classification of teratogenicity
References
Conclusion

Chapter 1: Central Nervous System Stimulants and Drugs That Suppress Appetite

Abstract
Methylxanthines
Vigilance Promoting Drugs
Parasympathomimetics [SEDA-32, 19; SEDA-33, 15; SEDA-34, 9]

Chapter 2: Antidepressants

Abstract
General
Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) [SED-15, 3109; SEDA-31, 18; SEDA-32, 33; SEDA-33, 26; SEDA-34, 17; SEDA-35, 30; SEDA-36, 14]
Serotonin and Noradrenaline Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Other Antidepressants

Chapter 3: Lithium

Abstract
Introduction
Organs and Systems
Second-Generation Effects
Susceptibility Factors
Interactions
Diagnosis of Adverse Drug Reactions
Management of Adverse Drug Reactions
Pharmacogenomics

Chapter 4: Drugs of Abuse

Abstract
Introduction
Cannabinoid
Alcohol
Benzodiazepines
Sympathomimetics—Cocaine
Opioids—Heroin
Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes)
Conclusion

Chapter 5: Hypnosedatives and Anxiolytics

Abstract
Benzodiazepines
Hypnosedatives and Benzodiazepine-Like Drugs

Chapter 6: Antipsychotic Drugs

Abstract
General [SEDA-15, 2438; SEDA-32, 83; SEDA-33, 89; SEDA-34, 51; SEDA-35, 85; SEDA-36, 59]
Individual Drugs
Acknowledgements

Chapter 7: Antiepileptics

Abstract

Chapter 8: Opioid Analgesics and Narcotic Antagonists

Abstract
Opioid Receptor Agonists
Alfentanil [SED-15, 72; SEDA-34, 152; SEDA-35, 173; SEDA-36, 108]
Codeine [SED-15, 880; SEDA -34, 152; SEDA-35, 174; SEDA-36, 108]
Dextrometrophan [SED-15, 1088; SEDA-34, 153; SEDA-35, 174; SEDA-36, 108]
Diamorphine [SED-15, 1096; SEDA-34, 153; SEDA-35, 175; SEDA-36, 108]
Dihydrocodeine [SED-15, 1125; SEDA-34, 154; SEDA-35, 175; SEDA-36, 108]
Fentanyl [SED-15, 1346; SEDA-34, 154; SEDA-35, 176; SEDA-36, 109]
Hydrocodone [SED-15, 1702; SEDA-34, 156; SEDA-35, 177; SEDA-36, 109]
Methadone [SED-15, 2270; SEDA-34, 157; SEDA-35, 177; SEDA-36, 110]
Morphine [SED-15, 2386; SEDA-34, 159; SEDA-35, 181; SEDA-36, 111]
Oxycodone [SED-15, 2651; SEDA-34, 161; SEDA-35, 182; SEDA-36, 111]
Papaverine [SED-15, 2678; SEDA-34, 162; SEDA-35, 183; SEDA-36, 112]
Pethidine (Meperidine) [SED-15, 2791; SEDA-34, 163; SEDA-35, 183; SEDA-36, 112]
Remifentanyl [SED-15, 3030; SEDA-34, 163; SEDA-35, 184; SEDA-36, 112]
Tramadol [SED-15, 3469; SEDA-34, 165; SEDA-35, 184; SEDA-36, 112]
Partial Opioid Receptor Agonists
Opioid Receptor Antagonists
Naloxone [SED-15, 2421; SEDA-35, 186; SEDA-36, 114]
Naltrexone [SED-15, 2423; SEDA-34, 168; SEDA-35, 186; SEDA-36, 114]

Chapter 9: Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Analgesics and Drugs Used in Gout

Abstract
Amidopyrine and Related Compounds [SEDA-34, 184; SEDA-35, 197]
Aniline Derivatives [SED-15, 2679; SEDA-34, 184; SEDA-35, 197]
Arylalkanoic Acid Derivatives [SED-15, 2555; SEDA-34, 185; SEDA-35, 200; SEDA-36, 119–120]
COX-2 Selective Inhibitors [SEDA-34, 186; SEDA-35, 201; SEDA 36, 120]
Indoleacetic Acids [SEDA-34, 187]
Oxicams [SEDA-34, 187; SEDA-35, 201; SEDA-36, 126]
Propionic Acid Derivatives [SEDA-36, 127]
Salicylates [SED-15, 15; SEDA-34, 188; SEDA-35, 202; SEDA-36, 127]
Miscellaneous Drugs
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gout

Chapter 10: General Anaesthetics and Therapeutic Gases

Abstract
Introduction

Chapter 11: Local Anesthetics

Abstract
General Information
Combined Anesthetics
Benzocaine
Bupivacaine
EMLA
Levobupivacaine
Lidocaine
Oxybuprocaine
Ropivacaine

Chapter 12: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Abstract
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
Neuromuscular Blockers: Reversal Agents
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Chapter 13: Drugs that Affect Autonomic Functions or the Extrapyramidal System

Abstract
Drugs that Stimulate Both Alpha- and Beta-Adrenoceptors [SEDA-33, 313; SEDA-34, 233; SEDA-35, 255; SEDA-36, 179]
Drugs that Predominantly Stimulate Alpha 1-Adrenoceptors [SEDA-33, 318; SEDA-34, 236; SEDA-35, 257; SEDA-36, 186]
Drugs that Stimulate β₁-Adrenoceptors [SEDA-33, 265; SEDA-34, 285; SEDA-35, 257; SEDA-36, 187]
Drugs that Stimulate β₂-Adrenoceptors
Drugs that Stimulate Dopamine Receptors [SEDA-33, 266; SEDA-34, 283; SEDA-35, 262; SEDA-36, 190]
Drugs that Affect the Cholinergic System [SEDA-31, 272; SEDA-32, 290; SEDA-33, 324; SEDA-34, 290-1, 318; SEDA-35, 266; SEDA-36, 199]

Chapter 14: Dermatological Drugs, Topical Agents, and Cosmetics

Abstract
Introduction
Acne
Antifungals
Hair Loss Treatment
Pigmentation Disorders
Psoriasis
Cutaneous Side Effects from Antiviral Medications
Cutaneous Side Effects from Cancer Medications
Cutaneous Side Effects from Neurological Medications
Individual Medications

Chapter 15: Antihistamines (H1 Receptor Antagonists)

Abstract
General
Special Review on Pharmacogenetics
Other Antihistamines

Chapter 16: Drugs that Act on the Respiratory Tract

Abstract
Susceptibility Factors
Interactions
Long Acting Beta₂-Adrenoceptor Agonists [SEDA-32, 314; SEDA-33, 357; SEDA-34, 280; SEDA 35, 315; SEDA-36, 245]
Interactions
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors [SEDA-32, 321; SEDA-33, 367; SEDA-34, 284; SEDA-35, 321; SEDA-36, 252]

Chapter 17: Positive Inotropic Drugs and Drugs Used in Dysrhythmias

Abstract
Cardiac Glycosides [SED-15, 648; SEDA-34, 287; SEDA-35, 327; SEDA-36, 257]
Special Review—Digoxin Use and Mortality in Atrial Fibrillation
Other Positive Inotropes
Antidysrhythmic Drugs

Chapter 18: Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists and Antianginal Drugs

Abstract
Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists [SED-15, 452; SEDA-32, 363; SEDA-33, 397; SEDA-34, 303; SEDA-35, 351; SEDA-36, 267]
Interactions
Long-Term Effects
Potassium Channel Activators
Calcium Channel Blockers [SED-15, 598; SEDA-32, 366; SEDA-33, 401; SEDA-34, 306; SEDA-35, 354; SEDA-36, 270]

Chapter 19: Drugs Acting on the Cerebral and Peripheral Circulations

Abstract
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Arterial Disorders of the Brain and Limbs and in the Treatment of Migraine
Second Generation Effects
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Venous Disorders
Other Peripheral Vasodilators

Chapter 20: Antihypertensive Drugs

Abstract
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors [SED-15, 226; SEDA-33, 416;SEDA-34, 321; SEDA-35,364, SEDA-36, 282]
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers/Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists [SEDA-15, 2071; SEDA-34, 324; SEDA-35; SEDA-36, 282]
Calcium Channel Blockers
Direct Renin Inhibitors [SEDA-33, 420; SEDA-34, 328; SEDA-35, 373; SEDA-36, 283]
Direct Vasodilators [SEDA-36, 284]
Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Inhibitor
Drugs That Act on the Sympathetic Nervous System [SEDA-33, 424; SEDA-34, 329; SEDA-35, 376; SEDA-36, 286]
Diuretics
Endothelian Receptor Antagonists
Prostacyclin Analog
Pulmonary Vasodilators [SEDA-33, 421; SEDA-34, 328; SEDA-35, 374; SEDA-36, 284]
Antihypertensives in Pregnancy

Chapter 21: Diuretics

Abstract
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors [SEDA-15, 643; SEDA-34, 339; SEDA-35, 387, SEDA-36, 289]
Loop Diuretics [SEDA-15, 567, 1454; SEDA-34, 342; SEDA- 35, 390; SEDA-36, 290]
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics [SEDA-15, 3375; SEDA-34, 340; SEDA-35, 388; SEDA-36, 292]
Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists
Osmotic Diuretics

Chapter 22: Metals

Abstract
Aluminium [SED-15, 97; SEDA-32, 413; SEDA-33, 447; SEDA-34, 349; SEDA-35, 397; SEDA-36, 297]
Arsenic [SED-15, 339; SEDA-32, 414; SEDA-33, 448; SEDA-34, 351; SEDA-35, 399; SEDA-36, 298]
Antimony and Antimonials [SED-15, 316; SEDA-32, 414; SEDA-33, 448; SEDA-34, 350; SEDA-35, 398; SEDA-36, 298]
Beryllium [SEDA-34, 353; SEDA-35, 400; SEDA-36, 301]
Calcium Salts [SED-15, 610; SEDA-33, 449; SEDA-34, 354; SEDA-35, 400; SEDA-36, 301]
Chromium [SED-15, 737; SEDA-32, 414; SEDA-33, 450; SEDA-34, 354; SEDA-35, 401; SEDA-36, 303]
Cobalt [SED-15, 847; SEDA-32, 415; SEDA-33, 450; SEDA-34, 354; SEDA-35, 402; SEDA-36, 303]
Copper [SED-15, 901; SEDA-32, 415; SEDA-33, 450; SEDA-34, 355; SEDA-35, 402; SEDA-36, 304]
Gold and Gold Salts [SED-15, 1520; SEDA-32, 416; SEDA-33, 451; SEDA-34, 355; SEDA-35, 402; SEDA-36, 305]
Lanthanum Carbonate [SEDA-32, 417; SEDA-33, 451; SEDA-34, 356; SEDA-35, 404; SEDA-36, 306]
Lead [SED-15, 2013; SEDA-28, 247; SEDA-35, 404; SEDA-36, 307]
Iron Salts [SED-15, 1911; SEDA-32, 417; SEDA-33, 451; SEDA-34, 355; SEDA-35, 402; SEDA-36, 305]
Magnesium Salts [SED-15, 2196; SEDA-32, 417; SEDA-33, 452; SEDA-34, 356; SEDA-35, 406; SEDA-36, 309]
Mercury and Mercurial Salts [SED-15, 2259; SEDA-32, 419; SEDA-33, 453; SEDA-34, 358; SEDA-35, 407; SEDA-36, 311]
Nickel [SED-15, 2502; SEDA-32, 419; SEDA-33, 453; SEDA-34, 358; SEDA-35, 409; SEDA-36, 313]
Potassium Salts [SED-15, 2905; SEDA-31, 392; SEDA-35, 409; SEDA-36, 314]
Strontium Salts [SEDA-32, 420; SEDA-33, 455; SEDA-34, 359; SEDA-35, 410; SEDA-36, 315]
Silver Salts and Derivatives [SED-15, 3140; SEDA-32, 420; SEDA-33, 454; SEDA-34, 359; SEDA-35, 409; SEDA-36, 314]
Titanium [SED-15, 3434; SEDA-32, 420; SEDA-33, 456; SEDA-34, 360; SEDA-35, 410; SEDA-36, 315]
Zinc [SED-15, 3717; SEDA-32, 420; SEDA-33, 458; SEDA-34, 360; SEDA-35, 410; SEDA-36, 315]

Chapter 23: Metal Antagonists

Abstract
Introduction
Deferasirox [SEDA-32, 426; SEDA-33, 466; SEDA-34, 368; SEDA-35, 420; SEDA-36, 323]
Deferiprone [SEDA-15, 1054; SEDA-32, 427; SEDA-33, 468; SEDA-34, 370; SEDA-35, 422, SEDA-36, 327]
Deferoxamine/Desferrioxamine [SEDA-15, 1058; SEDA-32, 429; SEDA-33, 471; SEDA-34, 371, SEDA-35, 423]
Edetic Acid (EDTA) [SED-15, 1300; SEDA-31, 405; SEDA-32, 431; SEDA-33, 474; SEDA-35, 372]
HQK-1001 (2,2-Dimethylbutyrate)
Hydroxyurea [SEDA-36, 330]
d-Penicillamine [SEDA-15, 2729; SEDA-32, 430; SEDA-33, 472; SEDA-34, 372; SEDA-35, 424; SEDA-36, 330]
Trientine (Triethylenetetramine) [SEDA-15, 3508; SEDA-32, 431, SEDA-33, 474; SEDA-34, 373; SEDA-35, 427; SEDA-36, 333]
Tiopronin [SED-15, 3430; SEDA-35, 373]
Polystyrene Sulphonates [SEDA-15, 2894; SEDA-32, 433; SEDA-33, 474; SEDA-34, 373; SEDA-35, 427; SEDA-36, 333]

Chapter 24: Antiseptic Drugs and Disinfectants

Abstract
All Commonly Used Antiseptics and Disinfectants
Aldehydes [SED-15, 1439, 1513; SEDA-31, 409; SEDA-32, 437; SEDA-33, 479; SEDA-34, 377; SEDA-36, 339]
Guanidines
Benzalkonium Compounds [SED-15, 421; SEDA-32, 440; SEDA-33, 481; SEDA-34, 379; SEDA-36, 341]
Ethylene Oxide [SED-15, 1296; SEDA-29, 242; SEDA-34, 379; SEDA-36, 341]
Triclosan [SEDA-34, 379, SEDA-36, 342]
Halogens
Iodophors [SED-15, 1896; SEDA-31, 411; SEDA-32, 440; SEDA-33, 485; SEDA-34, 380; SEDA-36, 342]

Chapter 25: Beta-Lactams and Tetracyclines

Abstract
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Penicillins
Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines

Chapter 26: Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs

Abstract
Aminoglycosides [SED-15, 118; SEDA-32, 461; SEDA-33, 509; SEDA-34, 399; SEDA 35, 463; SEDA-36, 363]
Fluoroquinolones [SEDA-15, 1396; SEDA-32, 464; SEDA-33, 514; SEDA-34, 401; SEDA-36, 464; SEDA-36, 365]
Glycopeptides [SEDA-32, 469; SEDA-33, 519; SEDA-34, 405; SEDA-35, 466, SEDA-36, 368]
Ketolides [SED-15, 1976; SEDA-32, 471; SEDA-33, 521; SEDA-34, 407; SEDA-35, 469; SEDA-36, 370]
Lincosamides [SED-15, 2063; SEDA-32, 472; SEDA-33, 522; SEDA-34, 407; SEDA-35, 469; SEDA-36, 371]
Macrolides [SED-15, 2183; SEDA-32, 472; SEDA-33, 522; SEDA-34, 408; SEDA-35, 469; SEDA-36, 371]
Oxazolidinones [SED-15, 2645; SEDA-32, 474; SEDA-33, 525; SEDA-34, 409; SEDA-35, 471; SEDA-36, 373]
Polymyxins [SED-15, 2891; SEDA-32, 476; SEDA-33, 527; SEDA-34, 412; SEDA-35, 473; SEDA-36, 374]
Streptogramins [SED-15, 3182; SEDA-32, 528; SEDA-34, 413; SEDA-35, 473; SEDA-36, 375]
Trimethoprim and Co-Trimoxazole [SED-15, 3216, 3510; SEDA-32, 477; SEDA-33, 528; SEDA-34, 414; SEDA-35, 474; SEDA-36, 375]
Other Antimicrobial Drugs

Chapter 27: Antifungal Drugs

Abstract
Allylamines [SEDA-34, 427; SEDA-35,483; SEDA-36, 381]
Amphotericin [SEDA-33, 542; SEDA-34, 427; SEDA-35,483; SEDA-36, 382]
Antifungal Azoles [SEDA-33, 545; SEDA-34, 428; SEDA-35, 484; SEDA-36, 382]
Pyrimadine Analogues [SEDA-36, 383]
Echinocandins [SEDA-33,556; SEDA-34,434; SEDA-35,489; SEDA-36, 388]
Anidulafungin [SEDA-35,489; SEDA-36, 388]
Caspofungin [SEDA-33, 556; SEDA-34, 434; SEDA-35,490; SEDA-36, 389]

Chapter 28: Antiprotozoal Drugs

Abstract
Introduction
Albendazole
Artemether–Lumefantrine
Dihydroartemisinin–Piperaquine
Fexinidazole
Fumagillin
Nitazoxanide
Oxantel Pamoate–Albendazole
Posaconazole
Primaquine
Quinacrine
Tafenoquine–Chloroquine
Thiamine Hydrochloride
Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole
Artesunate
Mefloquine
Acetazolamide

Chapter 29: Antiviral Drugs

Abstract
Drugs Active Against Cytomegalovirus
Drugs Active Against Herpes Viruses [SEDA-32, 530; SEDA-33, 577; SEDA-34, 450, SEDA-35, 507, SEDA-36, 407]
Drugs Active Against Hepatitis Viruses
Direct-Acting Antiviral Protease Inhibitors [SEDA-35, 508; SEDA-36, 409]
Drugs Active Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Combinations
Drugs Active Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Nucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) [SED-15, 2586; SEDA-32, 534; SEDA-33, 585; SEDA-34, 456; SEDA-35, 516; SEDA-36, 415]
Drugs Active Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Drugs Active Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI) [SED-15, 2553; SEDA-31, 486; SEDA-32, 537; SEDA-33, 590; SED-34, 459; SEDA-35, 519; SEDA-36, 420]
Drugs Active Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Protease Inhibitors [SED-15, 2586; SEDA-32, 541; SEDA-33, 593; SEDA-34, 461, SEDA-35, 522; SEDA-36, 423]
Drugs Active Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Inhibitors of HIV Fusion [SEDA-33; 598; SEDA-34, 464; SEDA-35, 525; SEDA-36, 428]
Drugs Active Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Chemokine Receptor CCR5 Antagonists [SEDA-33, 600; SEDA 34, 465; SEDA-35, 528; SEDA-36, 430]
Drugs Active Against Influenza Viruses: Ion Channel Inhibitors [SED-15, 105, 3051; SEDA-32, 544; SEDA-33, 269, 602; SEDA-34, 467; SEDA-35, 529; SEDA-36, 430]
Drugs Active Against Influenza Viruses: Neuraminidase Inhibitors [SED-15, 2436; SEDA-32, 544; SEDA-33, 601; SEDA-34, 466; SEDA-35, 528; SEDA-36, 431]
Other Drugs

Chapter 30: Drugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy

Abstract
Rifamycins
Bedaquiline
Linezolid
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Fluoroquinolones
Pyrazinamide
Clofazimine
Cycloserine
Delamanid
Dapsone
Streptomycin

Chapter 31: Antihelminthic Drugs

Abstract
Albendazole (SEDA-31, 508; SEDA-32, 572; SEDA-33, 647; SEDA-36, 458)
Ivermectin (SEDA-31, 509; SEDA-32, 575; SEDA-33, 649; SEDA-36, 460)
Levamisole (SEDA-31, 510; SEDA-32, 575; SEDA-33, 649; SEDA-36, 460)
Mebendazole (SEDA-36, 461)
Praziquantel (SEDA-31, 511; SEDA-33, 650; SEDA-36, 461)
Tribendimidine (SEDA 36, 462)

Chapter 32: Vaccines

Abstract
General [SEDA-36, 465]
Viral Vaccines
Bacterial Vaccines

Chapter 33: Blood, Blood Components, Plasma, and Plasma Products

Abstract
Albumin and Derivatives [SEDA-15, 54; SEDA-33, 670; SEDA-34, 509; SEDA-35, 583;SEDA-36, 483]
Blood Transfusion [SEDA-15, 529; SEDA-34, 509; SEDA-35, 583, SEDA-36, 483]
Blood Substitutes [SEDA-33, 672; SEDA-34, 511; SEDA-35, 586; SEDA-36, 485]
Plasma and Plasma Products [SEDA-15, 84; SEDA-34, 512; SEDA-35, 586, SEDA-36, 486]
Plasma Substitutes [SEDA-33, 675; SEDA-34, 513; SEDA-35, 587; SEDA-36, 487]
Globulins
Coagulation Proteins [SEDA-15, 845; SEDA-33, 679; SEDA-34, 518; SEDA-36, 493]
Erythropoietin and Derivatives [SEDA-34, 520; SEDA-35, 594; SEDA-36, 494]
Thrombopoietin and Receptor Agonists [SEDA-15, 3409; SEDA-36-495]
Transmission of Infectious Agents Through Blood Donation [SEDA-34, 521; SEDA-35,596; SEDA-36, 495]
Stem Cells [SEDA-34, 522; SEDA-35, 597; SEDA-36, 496]

Chapter 34: Drugs That Affect Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Hemostasis

Abstract
Coumarin Anticoagulants [SED-15, 983; SEDA-34, 541; SEDA-35, 617; SEDA-36, 529]
Heparins [SED-15, 1590; SEDA-34, 543; SEDA-35, 618; SEDA-36, 530]
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors [SED-15, 1142; SEDA-34, 544; SEDA-35, 619; SEDA-36, 531]
Direct Factor XA Inhibitors [SEDA-34, 546; SEDA-35, 620; SEDA-36, 532]
Thrombolytic Drugs [SEDA-15, 3402; SEDA-35, 621; SEDA-36, 532]
Glycoprotein IIb–IIIa Inhibitors [SED-15, 2849; SEDA-33, 720; SEDA-34, 548; SEDA-35, 622]
P2Y₁₂ Receptor Antagonists [SED-15, 821; SEDA-34, 548; SEDA-35, 622; SEDA-36, 533]
Hemostatic Agents [SEDA-34, 549; SEDA-35, 624; SEDA-36, 536]

Chapter 35: Gastrointestinal Drugs

Abstract
Acid-Impacting Agents
Anticonstipation and Prokinetic Agents
Antidiarrheal and Antispasmotic Agents
Antiemetic Agents
Anti-inflammatory Agents
Biologics
Steroids

Chapter 36: Drugs That Act on the Immune System: Cytokines and Monoclonal Antibodies

Abstract
Cytokines
Interferons [SEDA-32, 676; SEDA-33, 773; SEDA-34, 581; SEDA-35, 660; SEDA-36, 564]
Interleukins [SEDA-33, 777; SEDA-34, 771; SEDA-36, 567]
Monoclonal Antibodies

Chapter 37: Drugs that Act on the Immune System: Immunosuppressive and Immunostimulatory Drugs

Abstract
Belatacept [SEDA 34–609]
Cyclophosphamide [SED-15, 1025; SEDA-34, 612; SEDA-35, 700; SEDA-36, 592]
Special Reviews - Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin) [SED-15, 743; SEDA-34, 609; SEDA-35, 699; SEDA-36, 591]
Everolimus [SED-15, 1306; SEDA-34, 614; SEDA-35, 701; SEDA 36, 592]
Fingolimod [SEDA-34, 616; SEDA-35, 703; SEDA-36, 593]
Glatiramer [SEDA-34, 617; SEDA-35, 703; SEDA-36]
Leflunomide [SED-15, 2015; SEDA-34, 618; SEDA-35, 703; SEDA-36, 594]
Mycophenolic Acid [SED-15, 2402; SEDA-34, 622; SEDA-35, 704; SEDA-36, 594]
Sirolimus (Rapamycin) [SED-15, 3148; SEDA-34, 626; SEDA-35, 705; SEDA-36, 594]
Tacrolimus [SED-15, 3279; SEDA-34, 629; SEDA-35, 705; SEDA-36, 596]
Temsirolimus [SEDA-34, 632; SEDA-35, 707; SEDA-36, 597]
Thiopurines [SED-15, 377; SEDA-34, 633; SEDA-35, 709; SEDA-36, 598]
Voclosporin
Immunoenhancing Drugs

Chapter 38: Corticotrophins, Corticosteroids, and Prostaglandins

Abstract
Corticotrophins [SED-15, 906; SEDA-33, 841; SEDA-34, 653; SEDA-35, 719; SEDA-36, 603]
Systemic Glucocorticoids [SED-15, 906; SEDA-33, 841; SEDA-34, 653; SEDA-35, 719; SEDA-36, 604]
Prostaglandins and Analogues [SED-15, 2955; SEDA-33, 846; SEDA-34, 660; SEDA-35, 725]

Chapter 39: Sex Hormones and Related Compounds, Including Hormonal Contraceptives

Abstract
Estrogens [SED-15, 1253; SEDA-34, 663; SEDA-35, 731; SEDA-36, 615]
Hormone Replacement Therapy [SED-15, 1684, 1686, 1692; SEDA-34, 666; SEDA-35, 732; SEDA-36, 616]
Hormonal Contraceptives [SED-15, 1642, 1645; SEDA-34, 667; SEDA-35, 733; SEDA-36, 618]
Anti-Estrogens and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators [SEDA-34, 669; SEDA-35, 735; SEDA-36, 619]
Progestogens [SED-15, 2930; SEDA-34, 671; SEDA-35, 736; SEDA-36, 622]
Progesterone Antagonists [SEDA-34, 671; SEDA-35, 738; SEDA-36, 625]
Anabolic Steroids, Androgens and Related Compounds [SED-15, 216; SEDA-34, 672; SEDA-35, 738; SEDA-36, 627]
Antiandrogens [SEDA-34, 674; SEDA-35, 740; SEDA-36, 628]
Acknowledgements

Chapter 40: Thyroid Hormones, Iodine and Iodides, and Antithyroid Drugs

Abstract
Thyroid Hormones [SED-15, 3409; SEDA-31, 687; SEDA-32, 763; SEDA-33, 881; SEDA-34, 679; SEDA-35, 747; SEDA-36, 635]
Iodine and Iodides [SED-15, 1896; SEDA-32, 764; SEDA-33, 883; SEDA-34, 680; SEDA-35, 752; SEDA-36]
Antithyroid Drugs [SEDA-32, 765; SEDA-33, 884; SEDA-34, 681; SEDA-35, 754, SEDA-36, 638]

Chapter 41: Insulin, Other Hypoglycemic Drugs, and Glucagon

Abstract

Chapter 42: Miscellaneous Hormones

Abstract
Introduction
Calcitonin [SEDA-34, 703; SEDA-35, 789; SEDA-36, 659]
Gonadotropins (Gonadorelin, GnRH and Analogues) [SEDA-35, 789; SEDA-36, 660]
Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists [SEDA-35, 790; SEDA-36, 661]
Special Review - Somatropin (Human Growth Hormone, hGH) [SEDA-35, 791; SEDA-36, 661]
Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonists [SEDA-34, 708; SEDA-35, 792; SEDA-36, 664]
Melatonin and Analogues [SED-15, 2245; SEDA-35, 792; SEDA-36, 664]
Oxytocin and Analogues [SEDA-35, 793; SEDA-36, 665]
Parathyroid Hormone and Analogues [SEDA-34, 711; SEDA-35, 794; SEDA-36, 661]
Somatostatin (Growth Hormone Release-Inhibiting Hormone) and Analogues [SED-15, 3160; SEDA-35, 794; SEDA-36, 666]
Octreotide and Octreotide Long-Acting Release (LAR)
Pasireotide
Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists [SEDA-34, 713; SEDA-35, 797; SEDA-36, 668]
Vasopressin and Analogues [SEDA-33, 915; SEDA-34, 714; SEDA-35, 798; SEDA-36, 669]
Terlipressin [SEDA-34, 714; SEDA-35, 798; SEDA-36, 669]
Vasopressin [SEDA-34, 715; SEDA-35, 798; SEDA-36, 669]

Chapter 43: Drugs that Affect Lipid Metabolism

Abstract

Chapter 44: Cytostatic Agents

Abstract
Introduction
Pyrimidine Analogues
Azacitidine (5-Azacitidine)
Cytarabine
Decitabine
Gemcitabine
Fluoropyrimidines
Fluorouracil
Capecitabine
Acknowledgement

Chapter 45: Radiological Contrast Agents and Radiopharmaceuticals

Abstract
Drug Interactions
MRI Contrast Media
Ultrasound Contrast Agents [SEDA-32, 855; SEDA-33, 971; SEDA-34, 758; SEDA-35, 869; SEDA-36, 703]

Chapter 46: Treatments Used in Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Abstract
Introduction
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Preparations
Herbal Medicine
Green Tea Nutritional Supplements
Specific Plants
Acupuncture
Cupping
Moxibustion
Osteopathy
Tai Chi
Tui Na
Yoga

Chapter 47: Miscellaneous Drugs, Materials, Medical Devices and Techniques

Abstract
Long-Term Effects
Benzyl Alcohol (Preservative)

Reviewer List

Index of Drugs

Index of Drug-Drug Interactions

Sidhartha D. Ray

Sidhartha D. Ray, PhD, FACN serves as a Senior Professor of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences at The Touro College of Pharmacy at Manhattan, New York. Prior to this he served as Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences for nearly 2 decades at the Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences of Long Island University, New York, and as the founding chair of Pharmaceutical Science department at Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Indiana, USA. He has been in the health sciences academy for over 35 years mainly focusing on pharmacy teaching, research and service. Dr. Ray's research program focus on drug & chemical induced organ toxicology, mechanistic & molecular toxicology, adverse drug reaction mechanisms, side effects of a number of therapeutically relevant drugs and environmentally significant chemicals. Over the last two decades, Dr. Ray’s seminal discoveries have provided clear understandings on the dynamic role of apoptosis, necrosis and necraptosis during organotoxic reactions and have influenced the development of safety measures for a stunning variety of xenobiotics, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals. He is internationally recognized as a leader in the scientific community and was one of the front runners in exploring mechanisms of drug and chemical-induced programmed and un-programmed cell death in in-vivo models. His landmark studies on the interplay of bcl-2, bcl-xl, p53, bad and bax during acetaminophen induced cell death and its prevention by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract has earned worldwide citations. His peer recognition and acknowledged service contributions are reflected by his election into multiple international professional organizations, such as the Society of Toxicology (SOT), Society of Free Radical Biology & Medicine (SFRBM), American Society of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET), American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and American College of Nutrition (ACN). Dr. Ray is an Associate Editor of Encyclopedia of Toxicology (3rd Ed, Elsevier, 2014), and serves on the editorial boards of multiple prestigious international journals, including ‘Archives of Toxicology’ and ‘Oxidative Medicine & Cellular Longevity’. Based on his contributions to teaching, service and scholarship to health sciences in general, Dr. Ray received multiple prestigious awards, inc. the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology’s national research award (1996), ‘Fellow of the American College of Nutrition’ honor in 1999, David Newton Award for Excellence in Teaching Pharmacy (2005), the Biennial Abraham Krasnoff Memorial Award for Lifetime Scholarly Achievement (2008), Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy & Health Science’s ‘Wall-of-Fame’ honor (2011), the Society of Toxicology’s ‘Undergraduate Educator of the Year’ national award (2013), and the Manchester University’s ‘Outstanding Scholar of the Year’ award (2014). He currently serves on the SOT-NIH–NLM’s joint Toxlearn Project, SOT Undergraduate Task Force (2007 – present), and has previously served on the SOT’s Education Committee (2007 – 2010). In his lifetime, Dr. Ray has mentored research to numerous PharmD, MS, MD and PhD students in a number of areas of toxicology and biomedical sciences, made seminal contributions to the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, free radical biology, anticancer mechanism, phytochemicals, nutraceuticals & dietary supplements, and molecular safety sciences. Dr. Ray loves to promote ‘Lifelong Learning’ strategies to his students and clearly models his beliefs day in and day out. Visit URL: www.sidhartharay.com/ for more details.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Professor of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, Touro University System, Manhattan, NY, USA

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health