Sex and Gender Differences in Neurological Disease

1st Edition, Volume 164 - August 18, 2022
Editors: Elena Moro, Gennarina Arabia, Carmela Tartaglia, Maria Teresa Ferretti
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 5 8 9 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 5 9 0 - 8

International Review on Neurobiology serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an internati… Read more

Sex and Gender Differences in Neurological Disease

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International Review on Neurobiology serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Introduction
Abstract
Introduction
References
Chapter One: History and development of sex- and gender sensitive medicine (SGSM)
Abstract
1: What is sex- and gender-sensitive medicine
2: But then, what are sex and gender exactly?
3: Aims and clinical relevance of SGSM
4: Ancient history
5: How it started
6: Milestones of the establishment of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine
7: The situation today
8: Outlook
9: Key points/take home messages
References
Chapter Two: Biological underpinnings of sex differences in neurological disorders
Abstract
1: How different are neurological diseases in males and females?—The brain perspective
2: Peripheral sex-derived differences affecting the CNS
3: Sex hormones and the CNS
4: Genetics of sex differences and their impact on the brain
5: Epigenetics of sex differences
6: Recently identified factors influencing neurological disease with sex-specific signatures
7: Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Three: Sex differences in neurovascular disorders
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Risk factors
3: Symptom presentation
4: Ischemic stroke
5: Intracerebral hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage
6: Cerebral vein thrombosis
7: Women in clinical stroke trials
8: Conclusion
Keypoints
References
Chapter Four: Sex and gender differences in movement disorders: Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia and chorea
Abstract
1: Sex and gender-specific differences in Parkinson's disease
2: Sex and gender-specific differences in essential tremor
3: Sex and gender-specific differences in dystonia
4: Sex and gender-specific differences in chorea: Huntington's disease
5: Conclusions
6: Key points
References
Chapter Five: Sex and gender differences in autoimmune demyelinating CNS disorders: Multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody associated disorder (MOGAD)
Abstract
1: Background: Pathophysiology of CNS autoimmunity in the context of sex-specific differences
2: Multiple sclerosis (MS)
3: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody associated disorder (MOGAD)
4: Immunotherapies in the context of sex differences
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter Six: Sex and gender differences in dementia
Abstract
1: Sex and gender differences in Alzheimer's disease
2: Sex and gender differences in vascular cognitive impairment/vascular dementia
3: Sex and gender differences in Parkinson's disease/dementia with Lewy bodies
4: Sex and gender differences in frontotemporal dementia
References
Chapter Seven: Sex and gender differences in epilepsy
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Sex hormones and epilepsy
3: Sex hormone changes and regulation during the lifespan
4: Catamenial epilepsy
5: Hormonal influences of antiseizure medications
6: Sexual and reproductive dysfunction in epilepsy
7: Special populations
8: Pregnancy and epilepsy
9: Menopause and bone health
10: Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter Eight: Sex and gender differences in pain
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Part I: How does pain differ by sex and gender?
3: Part II: What causes sex and gender differences in pain?
4: Part III: Why do sex and gender differences in pain matter?
References
Chapter Nine: Sex and age differences in migraine treatment and management strategies
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Part I: Management of migraine in girls and boys 3–17 years old
3: Part II: Management of migraine in women 18–40 years old
4: Part III: Management of menstrual migraine
5: Part IV: Management of migraine in pregnancy
6: Part V: Management of migraine during lactation
7: Part VI: Management of migraine in perimenopause
8: Part VII: Management of migraine in menopause and post-menopause
9: Part VIII: Management of migraine in men 18–50 years old
10: Part IX: Management of migraine in men > 50 years old
11: Conclusions
12: Key points
References
Chapter Ten: Sex and gender differences in mild traumatic brain injury/concussion
Abstract
1: Mild traumatic brain injury/concussion
2: Sex-related differences in mild traumatic brain injury/concussion
3: Possible mechanisms underlying sex differences in concussion
4: Different mechanisms of injury leading to mild traumatic brain injury/concussion
References

Elena Moro

Dr. Elena Moro graduated in Medicine at the University of Trieste (Italy) in 1989 and completed her residency in Neurology at the Catholic University in Rome (Italy) in 1996. She received her PhD in Neurosciences from the Catholic University in Rome, after having spent one and a half years in Grenoble, France (Joseph Fourier University), where she worked under the supervision of Dr. P. Pollak and Dr. A.L. Benabid. For her doctoral research Dr. Moro studied the response to levodopa and the electrical parameters of stimulation in parkinsonian patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. From 2000 to 2002 she moved to Milan (Italy) in order to start and develop a surgical team for Movement Disorders at the Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital. In 2002, she joined the Division of Neurology at the University of Toronto (Canada) as an Assistant Professor, and medical Director of the surgical program for Movement Disorders at the Toronto Western Hospital. She worked with Dr. A.M. Lozano and Dr. A.E. Lang. She was promoted to Associate Professor of Neurology of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, in 2009. In 2012 she moved to Grenoble, France, as Professor of Neurology at the Joseph Fourier University (CHU Grenoble). She is currently investigating the effects of DBS on gait in parkinsonian and dystonic patients, the role of the superior colliculus as biomarker in Parkinson’s disease and the effects of the pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation. She is also responsible of the neurology teaching for undergraduate students and residents in neurology at the Faculty of Medicine of the Joseph Fourier University. She has so far published 108 scientific papers cited in PubMed and she has been an invited speaker to more than 100 international scientific meetings.

Affiliations and expertise

University Hospital Center of Grenoble, France

Gennarina Arabia

Prof. Gennarina Arabia is Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Magna Graecia in Catanzaro. She collaborates with the Neuroimaging Center of the Italian National Research Council and, as Research Collaborator, with the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research at the Mayo Clinic in the USA. Her main fields of interest include the epidemiology, clinical and neuroimaging of movement disorders. Since 2018 she coordinates the study group of the Italian Society of Neurology dedicated to Gender Medicine in Neurology.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy

Carmela Tartaglia

Dr. Tartaglia is an Associate Professor and Clinician-Scientist at the University of Toronto. She received her medical degree from McGill University, completed her residency at the University of Western Ontario and did three years of clinical/research fellowship in cognitive/behavioral neurology at the University of California, San Francisco Memory and Aging Center. She maintains a cognitive/behavioral clinic where she sees people with neurodegenerative disease and post-concussion syndrome within the UHN Memory Clinic. Her clinical and research interests lie in neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and possible chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, University of Toronto, Canada

Maria Teresa Ferretti

Dr. Maria Teresa Ferretti is a neuroscientist and neuroimmunologist, expert in Alzheimer’s disease and gender medicine. In 2016, together with Dr. Schumacher-Dimech, Dr. Santuccione Chadha and Gautam Maitra, she co-founded the nonprofit organization “Women’s Brain Project” (where she currently serves as Chief Scientific Officer), a world leader in the study of sex and gender characteristics in brain and mental health as the gateway to precision medicine. After graduating in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies at University of Cagliari (Italy), she studied and worked in England, Canada (where she earned a PhD in Pharmacology and Pharmacological Therapy at McGill University in Montreal), Switzerland and Austria. Her studies have been published in numerous peer-reviewed journals, including Nature, and she is regularly invited by leading scientific conferences to lecture on Alzheimer’s disease, precision medicine and the differences between men and women in neurology and psychiatry. She has taught in numerous university courses and is currently ‘External Teacher’ at the Medical University of Vienna; in addition, Dr. Ferretti is responsible for continuous medical education courses in the field of gender and precision medicine. Passionate about scientific communication and motivated by the desire to break the stigma on mental and brain diseases, she was a TED-x speaker in 2019 and in 2021; in 2021, together with Antonella Santuccione Chadha, she wrote the book for the general public ‘Una bambina senza testa’ (Edizioni Mondo Nuovo).

Affiliations and expertise

Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, Women’s Brain Project, Guntershausen, Switzerland

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Sex and Gender Differences in Neurological Disease

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Elena Moro

Gennarina Arabia

Carmela Tartaglia

Maria Teresa Ferretti