Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry

Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry Personal Recollections. I.

General Preface

Preface to Volume 35

Contributors to this volume

List of Plates

Contents

Chapter 1. The Isolation of Cori-Ester, "The Saint Louis Gateway" to a First Approach of a Dynamic Formulation of Macromolecular Biosynthesis

The Coris in Post-World War I Europe

The Coris in the U.S.A.

Research at Washington University, School of Medicine

The Discovery of Cori-Ester and the Concept of Phosphorolysis

Polysaccharide Synthesis in Vitro

Isolation of Crystalline Muscle Phosphorylase Catalyzing Amylose Synthesis

Phosphorylases α and β and their Role in Metabolic Regulation

Regulation of Phosphorylase in Resting and Contracting Muscle


1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine

The Effect of Hormones on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Vitro

Personal Data from Later Years

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2. The Discovery of Sugar Nucleotides

The Discovery of Sugar Nucleotides


1948-49 Glucose Diphosphate


1950 UDPG


1951 UDP-Galactose


1952 UDP-Acetylglucosamine


1953-55 UDP-Glucuronic Acid


1953 Biosynthesis of Disaccarides

Final Remarks

References

Chapter 3. The Road to Ion-Coupled Membrane Processes

Washington College

Interim

Harvard

A Year with Fritz Lipmann

A Decade with Carl Cori

Hexokinase

Metabolite Regulation of Glucolysis

A Regulatory Site for Glucose-6-Phosphate

Membrane Transport

Toward the Mechanism of Glucose Active Transport

Fall of the Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation Hypothesis

Detour

A Group Transfer Reaction with Glucose is Not the Mechanism

Energy Transduction is at the Brush-Border Membrane

The Idea of Na+-Coupling

The First Model, Convective-Coupling

Coupling by Co-Transport

Aftermath

Epilogue

References

Chapter 4. From Fructose to Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate with a Detour through Lysosomes and Glycogen

As a Medical Student, I Participated in the Rediscovery Of Glucagon

How the Agglutination of Microsomes at pH5 Opened the Way to Several Discoveries

The Metabolism of Fructose in the Liver

The ATP-Magnesium Complex

The Publication of the Sorbitol Pathway was Delayed by Thermodynamica Considerations

A Call from a Paediatrician Introduced Me Into Glycogen Storage Disease

The First Lysosomal Disease was Discovered Because of the Complexity of the Reaction Catalysed by Amylo-l,6-Glucosidase

The Concept of Inborn Lysosomal Disease is a Logical Deduction Made from My Observations in Type II Glycogenosis

It Took 10 Years to have the Concept of Inborn Lysosomal Diseases Accepted

The Hepatic Threshold to Glucose

Fructose Revisited with a Glance to Primary Gout

The Futile Cycles and the Discovery of Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate

The Other Face of the Story

References

Chapter 5. Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861-1947)

Character and Outlook

Education and Early Employment

Establishment of Biochemistry in Cambridge

Research

Purines and Pterins

Proteins

Vitamins

Muscular Contraction

Glutathione

Some Biographical Points

References

Chapter 6. A Short Autobiography

The War 1917-1919

Cambridge

Concept of Active Centers as a Possible Explanation of Enzyme Action

The Effects of Malonic Acid and Substituted Malonic Acids on Bacterial Dehydrogenases

Cardiff

Rothamsted Experimental Station

Montreal

Vancouver

References

Chapter 7. A Biochemist's Approach to Autopharmacology

Introduction

Early influences

Medical Studies and the Role of Biochemistry

The Status of Biochemistry as an Academic Subject

Biochemistry in Dahlem and Heidelberg

England in the Nineteen-Twenties and -Thirties

Humoral Transmission and the Catecholamines

Amine oxidases

Biogenesis of Adrenaline

Intracellular Localization of the Catecholamines

On Methods

Conclusions: The Amine-Forming Cells

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 8. The Svedberg and Arne Tiselius. The Early Development of Modern Protein Chemistry at Uppsala

The Svedberg

The Optical Centrifuge

The First Ultracentrifuge

The High-Speed Oil-Turbine Ultracentrifuge

Svedberg's Molecular Weight Hypothesis

Arne Tiselius

Further Development of the High-Speed Ultracentrifuge

Further Protein Studies

Serum and Serum Proteins

The Separation Cell

Ultracentrifuges to Go Abroad

The Later Periods In Svedberg's Life

Chromatography of Colourless Substances

The Two Personalities

In Retrospect

References

Chapter 9. Survey of a French Biochemist's Life

My Grandparents and my Parents

High School and University Studies

First Contact with Biochemistry and Research

My Return to Lyon and World War II

Life in Marseille (Act I)

Installation

Chemistry and Physiochemistry of Lipids

Construction of Our First Institue at the University

Life in Marseille (Act II)

Interlude in Paris

Creation of a Second Research Center (C.N.R.S.)

Proteolytic Enzymes and Zymogens (Second Period)

Bovine Procarboxypeptidase

The Lipase-Colipase System (Second Period)

Miscellaneous

Chapter 10. From α-Corticotropin through β-Lipotropin to β-Endorphin

Hormone Research Laboratory

Chemical Messengers

α-Corticotropin (ACTH)

Peptide Synthesis

Lipotropins

β-Endorphin

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 11. A.N. Bach, Founder of the Soviet School of Biochemistry

Short Biography

Research

References

Chapter 12. Sergei E. Severin: Life and Scientific Activity

An Autobiographical Review

References

Name Index