Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics

1st Edition - February 29, 2024
Editors: Awanish Kumar, Sunil Kumar
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 6 1 5 8 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 6 1 5 9 - 9

Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics presents the latest biotechnological advancements in the production of target secondary metabolites for medicinal use, including topics… Read more

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Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics presents the latest biotechnological advancements in the production of target secondary metabolites for medicinal use, including topics such as transcriptomics, nanotechnology, gene editing tools like CRISPR/CAS, secondary metabolites source and production.  Secondary metabolites derived from plants as a response to stress have always played a vital role in the pharmaceutical industry to produce medicines. However, their limited production in plants have always raised concerns for large-scale production. With the advancement of modern biotechnology, researchers around the globe are now able to engineer plants with specific chemical compositions.

This book is a valuable resource to researchers in biotechnology, medical sciences, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacology and plant biology.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the authors
Chapter 1. Introduction to plant secondary metabolites
1. Introduction
2. Conclusion
Chapter 2. Identification and purification of plant secondary metabolite as medicinal raw materials
1. Introduction
2. Several classes of SM found in plants
3. Alkaloids
4. Compounds containing phenol
5. Terpenes
6. Techniques employed in the processes of extracting, isolating, and purifying bioactive compounds
7. Use of different solvents in extracting the phenolic compounds
8. Extraction and purification methods for active molecules
9. Clarification of the structural components of the bioactive molecules
10. Infrared rays spectroscopy
11. UV–visible spectroscopy
12. The use of mass spectrometry in the identification of chemical compounds
13. NMR spectroscopy
14. Antioxidant components from plants
15. Antimicrobial properties of compound derived from plants
16. Examination of phytochemicals
17. Secondary metabolites’ contributions to pharmacological activity
18. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Biochemical characterization of plant secondary metabolites
1. Introduction
2. Secondary metabolites
3. Therapeutic uses of secondary metabolites
4. Synthesis of plant secondary metabolites
5. Isolation and purification of secondary metabolites
6. Qualitative assessment of plant extract or secondary metabolites
7. Spectroscopy techniques for structural characterization of SMs
8. Miscellaneous methods
9. Dilemma—primary metabolite or secondary metabolite?
10. Dereplication databases
11. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of SMs
12. Toxicological characterization of SMs
13. Conclusion
Chapter 4. Production of secondary metabolites from medicinal plants through tissue culture
1. Introduction
2. Medicinal plant
3. Secondary metabolite
4. Types of secondary metabolites
5. Production of secondary metabolites through plant tissue culture
6. Methods of secondary metabolites production
7. Conventional methods
8. Nonconventional methods
9. Genetic engineering using microbes
10. Precursor feeding
11. Biotransformation
12. Metabolic engineering
13. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 5. Role of endophytes in the production of secondary metabolites
1. Introduction
2. Types of endophytes
3. Interaction of endophytes with the host plant
4. Production of the secondary metabolites by endophytes
5. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
6. Conclusion and future prospect
Chapter 6. Trends in secondary metabolites production from plant sources
1. Introduction
2. Recent developments in the process of producing secondary metabolites
3. Secondary metabolites production derived from medicinal plants by using tissue cultures
4. Recent developments in secondary metabolites production by higher plants
5. Production of secondary metabolites using organ cultures
6. The addition of a precursor to help improve the secondary metabolites production
7. Elicitation of products developed in vitro
8. Secondary metabolites source-hairy root cultures
9. Using hairy root culture with the purpose of secondary metabolites production by means of genetic manipulation
10. Endophytes play an important part in the in vitro secondary metabolites production
11. Increasing production of secondary metabolites via scaling of bioreactors
12. Immobilization increasing the accumulation of secondary metabolites on a larger scale
13. Tissue cultures production responsible for interesting pharmaceutical products
14. Taxol
15. Morphine and codeine
16. Diosgenin
17. l-DOPA
18. Capsaicin
19. Camptothecin
20. Berberine
21. The metabolic pathway engineering and generation of secondary metabolites
22. Engineering yeast metabolic pathways to produce plant secondary metabolites
23. Yeast's contribution to the production of flavonoids
24. Yeast is responsible for the production of terpenoids
25. Yeast's role in the production of alkaloids derived from plants
26. Conclusion
Chapter 7. Elicitation of secondary metabolites from plants
1. Introduction
2. Classification of elicitors
3. Mechanism of elicitation in plant cells
4. Elicitors that are being used at the present time
5. New methods to boost SM production depending on the elicitor signaling pathways
6. Summary and remarks
Chapter 8. Genetic manipulation for secondary metabolite production
1. Introduction
2. Genes involved in the biosynthesis
3. Genes that act as regulators
4. Genes involved in the production of indole alkaloids
5. Regulatory genes involving indole alkaloids
6. Isoquinoline alkaloids
7. Pyrrolidine alkaloids and tropane alkaloids
8. Terpenoids
9. Carotenoids
10. Benzoic acid derivatives
11. Cyanogenic glucosides
12. Stilbene phytoalexins are introduced in transgeneic plants
13. Plant protection and plant breeding use of the phytoalexin technology
14. Modification of secondary plant metabolism to produce functional food
15. Disease resistance is achieved through engineering phytoalexin pathways
16. Final thoughts and summaries
Chapter 9. Scaling up of secondary metabolite production
1. Introduction
2. Production of secondary metabolites
3. Use of organized cultures and metabolic engineering for secondary metabolite production
4. Application of hairy roots in secondary metabolites production
5. Metabolite engineering in secondary metabolite production
6. Engineering considerations in large-scale production of biomass
7. Strategies to improve productivity
8. Conclusion
9. Future perspective
Chapter 10. Metabolic engineering and production of secondary metabolites
1. Introduction
2. Secondary metabolites
3. Metabolic engineering
4. Secondary metabolite production pathways
5. Secondary metabolites—sources and applications
6. Plant secondary metabolite production
7. Production of secondary metabolites by microorganisms
8. Applications and future prospects
Index

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Awanish Kumar

Sunil Kumar