Scrap Tire Technology and Markets

Overview Introduction Source Reduction Alternatives Recycling Alternatives Tire Combustion Tire Pyrolysis Part I. Markets for Scrap Tires Executive Summary1. Asssessment of Present Situation Introduction Generation of Waste Tires Environmental Problems Associated with Waste Tire Stockpiles Source Reduction of Waste Tires Disposal of Waste Tires Utilization Alternatives2. Market Barriers to WasteTire Utilization Introduction Rubber Asphalt Paving Systems Combustion Pyrolysis3. Options for Mitigating the Waste Tire Problem Introduction Regulatory Options---Based on Existing State Programs Other Regulatory and Non-Regulatory Options4. Conclusions References Appendix A: EPA Regional Offices Appendix B: State Contacts for Waste Tire Programs Appendix C: Additional Sources of Information on Scrap Tires Part II. Tires for Fuel and Tire Pyrolysis Executive Summary1. Introduction 1.1 Waste Tire Generation and Disposal 1.2 Waste Tires As Fuel 1.3 Markets for Tires As Fuel 1.4 State Waste Tire Disposal Programs 1.5 Methodology 1.6 References2. Overview of Process Units Burning Tires for Fuel 2.1 Kilns 2.2 Boilers 2.3 References3. Dedicated Tires-to-Energy Facilities 3.1 Industry Description 3.2 Process Description 3.3 Emissions, Control Techniques and Their Effectiveness 3.4 Other Environmental and Energy Impacts 3.5 Cost Considerations 3.6 Conclusions 3.7 References4. Tire and TDF Use in Portland Cement Kilns 4.1 Industry Description 4.2 Process Description 4.3 Emissions, Control Techniques and Their Effectiveness 4.4 Other Environmental and Energy Impacts 4.5 Cost Considerations 4.6 Conclusions 4.7 References5. TDF as Fuel in Waste Wood Boilers at Pulp and Paper Mills 5.1 Industry Description 5.2 Process Description 5.3 Emissions, Control Techniques and Their Effectiveness 5.4 Other Environmental and Energy Impacts 5.5 Cost Considerations 5.6 Conclusions 5.7 References6. Tires and TDF as Supplemental Fuel in Electric Utility Boilers 6.1 Industry Description 6.2 Process Description 6.3 Emissions, Control Techniques and Their Effectiveness 6.4 Other Environmental and Energy Impacts 6.5 Cost Considerations 6.6 Conclusions 6.7 References7. Use of TDF as a Supplemental Fuel at Other Industrial Facilities 7.1 Description of Industries 7.2 Process Description 7.3 Emissions, Control Techniques and Their Effectiveness 7.4 Other Environmental and Energy Impacts 7.5 Cost Considerations 7.6 Conclusions 7.7 References8. Scrap Tire Pyrolysis 8.1 Process Description 8.2 Specific Reactor Types 8.3 Environmental Impacts 8.4 Other Environmental and Energy Impacts 8.5 Cost Considerations 8.6 Conclusions 8.7 References