Science and Technology in Development Planning

Introduction

Part I. The General Context: Interaction between Science and Technology and Long-range Development Goals and Strategies


1. Science and Technology Planning: Possibilities and Limitations

Introduction and Summary

Should Science and Technology Be Planned

Can Science and Technology Be Planned

How should Science and Technology Be Planned

Concluding Note


2. Planning - Prospective Analysis and Science and Technology Policy

Science and Technology in the Government

Functions of Science and Technology Policy

Formats of Science and Technology Policy

S & T Policy and Strategic Planning

Modes of Integrations of S & T Policy in General Policies


3. Long-term Planning, Technological Forecasting and Underdevelopment; Thinking on the Unlikely

Introduction

Underdevelopment: An Unblessed Condition

The Case for Long-term Planning (LTP)

The Case for Technological Forecasting (TF)

LTP, TF and Development: Linkages and Tensions


4. Programming and Guiding of Science and Technology Development: Some Global Problems with Reference to the International Development Strategy

Part II. Science and Technology in Sectoral Planning


5. Energy Technologies for the Third World


6. The Role of Technology in Planning for the Capital Goods Industry

Introduction

The Role of the Capital Goods Industry in the Development of Advanced Economies

Capital Goods in the Industrialization of Latin America

Planning the Development of the Capital Goods Industry in Mexico

The Impact of Technology on the Process of Planning for Capital Goods Development


7. Planning of Development, Science and Technology: The Case of the Mexican Agrarian Sector

The Shaping of a Crisis

The Component Elements

Planning, Science and Technology

Part III. Incorporation of Science and Technology in the Techniques of Development Planning


8. Information in the Service of Development

Introduction

The Problem of National Information

Information from Other Countries

Specialized Information Centers

Conclusion


9. Development is a Systems Problem; Can Systems Analysis Help

Development is a Systems Problem

Systems Analysis is a Developing Craft

Systems Analysis can Contribute to Development

Applying Systems Analysis to Development is Necessary, but Difficult

Conclusion


10. Technology Assessment in Planning for Development

Introduction

Needs for Technology Assessment

Relationship to Planning

Interest for the United Nations' System

Relationship to Technological Choices

A Point of View

The Conceptual Value

Activities of the United Nations

Technology Assessment Defined

Technology Assessment and Appropriate Technology

Promoting Public Participation

Ensuring Accountability

Multiplying Resources

Conclusion

Part IV. The Planning of Science and Technology in the Development Process


11. Science and Technology Planning in LDCs: Major Policy Issues


12. Notes on Science, Technology and Development Planning

Introduction

A Review of the State of the Art in S & T Planning

Towards a Conceptual Framework to Link Science, Technology and Development

Possible New Directions for S & T Planning


13. National Financial Institutions and Technology Development: A Preliminary Review

Introduction

Finance and Technology: A Historical Perspective

Finance and Technology: A Conceptual Framework

Finance and Technology: The Indian Experiment

Brazil

Colombia

Conclusions


14. The Role and Function of a Scientific and Technological Infrastructure in the Context of Development Policy

Introduction

Concepts

The Importance of a Scientific and Technological Infrastructure in a Developing Country

Common Deficiencies in Science and Technology Policies

Specific Recommendations for UNCSTD

Part V. International Cooperation


15. Science and Technology in Development Planning: The International Dimension

Introduction

The Role of S & T in Development

Science and Technology: The International Dimension


16. Negotiating with MNCs for Technology-Sharing Agreements

Latin American Motives and Strategies

Corporate Motivations and Strategies

U.S. - Latin American Technology Sharing Agreements

Negotiating for Technology Sharing Agreements


17. Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC)- A Viable Instrument of Collective Self-Reliance

Collective Self-reliance - an Element of the NIEO Program, But Still of Marginal Importance

TCDC - A Position of Withdrawal rather than of Progress

Identifying the Reformist Potential of TCDC

Minimum Conditions of Success

Evaluating the Outcome of the Buenos Aires Conference on TCDC

Conclusions

List of Authors