Response Manual for Combating Spills of Floating Hazardous Chemicals

Part I: Response Manual for Combating Spills1. Introduction2. Purpose3. The Decision-Making Process 3.1 Spill Characterization 3.2 Decision Analysis 3.3 Implementation 3.4 Feedback4. Spill Isolation 4.1 Spill Isolation on Water 4.2 Spill Isolation on Land 4.3 Flow Reduction Techniques5. Spill Mitigation and Removal Techniques 5.1 Vapor Suppression 5.2 Removal Techniques 5.3 In Situ Treatment Techniques6. Special Problems 6.1 Partially Water Soluble Chemicals 6.2 Submerged Sources 6.3 Night Spills 6.4 Materials Which Rapidly Form Monolayers 6.5 Burning Spills 6.6 Boiling Liquid Expandiing Vapor ExplosionAppendix A: Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Floating CHRIS ChemicalsAppendix B: Evaluation of Spill Removal Equipment and Chemical Removal TechniquesAppendix C: Decision Making Work SheetsPart II: Classification of Floating Chemicals and Technology Review1. Classification of CHRIS Chemicals and State-of-the-Art Review of Containment and Recovery Technologies Introduction Approach Review of Spill Cleanup Technologies Test Programs Discussion Summary and ConclusionsAppendix A: Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Floating CHRIS ChemicalsAppendix B: Methods of Grouping Floating CHRIS Chemicals2. Evaluation of Foam Vapor Suppression and of Compatibility Between Spilled Chemicals and Response Equipment Characteristics and Mechanisms of Vapor Suppression of Foam Foam Tests at the Transportation Test Center Chemical Compatibility Between Spilled Chemicals and Response EquipmentAppendix A: Calculational Scheme for Lag TimeAppendix B: Calculational Scheme for Mass Transport Through FoamAppendix C: Matrix of Foam Vapor Suppression TestsAppendix D: Foam Vapor Suppression Methods for CHRIS Chemicals that Float on WaterAppendix E: NomenclatureReferencesBibliography