Reporting Discourse, Tense, and Cognition

Acknowledgments. Introduction. Reporting discourse. What is reporting discourse? Significance of reporting discourse. Working questions on reporting discourse. Narrative. Discourse perspectives. Reporting discourse and context. Discourse analysis. Overview of chapters. Data. Review and Problems of Tense-Alternation Theories. Overview. Tense-alternation theories. Traditional theory of HP. Syntactic hypothesis. Timeless present. CHP alternation theory. Clause types and directions of switch. HP in the theory of consciousness. Problem: say/said alternation. Say as a special class of reporting verbs. No regularity in say/said alternation. Wolfson's hypotheses. 'Speech act hypothesis'. 'Single speaker continuity hypothesis'. 'Third-person story hypothesis'. 'Participant distinction hypothesis'. 'Outside the tense system hypothesis'. 'Relative status hypothesis'. Johnstone's hypothesis. New relative status hypothesis. Problems with relative status hypothesis. Conclusions and directions for further research. Cognitive Backgrounds of Tense-Alternation. Overview. Tense and person. Distribution in discourse. Personal deixis and tense forms. Interpretive processes of reporting. Cognitive Recollection Model (CRM). Construals of perceived events. Construals of remembered events. Base. Recall of third-person interactions. Recall of self-involving interactions. Psychological involvement. Self-identity. Levels of narrative. Manipulations of 'footing'. 'Speak for yourself' rule in 'constructed dialogues'. Divided self. Cognitive monitoring theories. Backgrounds of prevalence of I says. Conclusion. Tense and Attitudinal Contrast. Overview. Searching vs. resultative mode. Says vs. said in pair. Says vs. said in a single speaker's speech. Says, saying, say vs. said in a single speaker¿s speech. Summary of contrasts. Conflict vs. conflict-avoidance. Said vs. said shows conflict; says shows watching the situation. Said shows challenge; says shows step-back. Said shows never-intimidated attitude; says shows step-back. Summary of contrasts. Weak vs. strong attitude. Degrees of assuredness in I don't know. Degrees of firmness in negation and affirmation. Degrees of upset in exclamation. Summary of contrasts. Conclusion. Consciousness Flow, Discourse Acts, and Tense. Overview. Discourse organization units. Consciousness flow in discourse. Consciousness flow in narrative dialogues. Consciousness flow in exchanges. Adjacency pair. Three-part exchange. Consciousness flow over a series of remarks. In a single speaker's speech. Over a series of remarks. Consciousness flow in repetition of dialogue-introducers. Pre-posing double dialogue-introducers. Post-posing dialogue-introducers. At restatements. Conclusion. Tense in Indirect Reporting Discourse. Overview. Treatments of tense in grammar. Pragmatic view. Declerck's hypothesis. Tense in discourse. Prevalence of speaker's viewpoint. Avoidance of the past perfect tense. Discourse functional use of the past perfect tense. Reporting clause as dialogue marker. Conclusion. Reporting Discourse Style and Function. Overview. General characterizations of reporting discourse style and function. Theoretical backgrounds. Pragmatic studies. Reporting style and structure. Overview. Preliminary study. Experimental study. Method. Data analysis procedures. Results. Backgrounds of structural influence on style choice. Summary. Reporting function and pattern. Overview. Method. Reporting discourse functions. Evidentiality. Disagreement and persuasion. Response. Foreground and background information. Showing climaxes or punch-lines. Exemplification and demonstration of emotion. Dramatization. Dramatizing imaginary and future events. Dramatizing archetypical events. Summary. Correlations between style and function. Reporting discourse on continuum. Style and function along a continuum. Conclusion. Conclusion. Summary of chapters. Theoretical implications. Future perspectives. Notes. Transcription Conventions. References. Author Index. Subject Index.