Remote Sensing of Soils

Mapping, Monitoring, and Measurement

1st Edition - November 27, 2023
Editors: S. Dharumarajan, Kaliraj Seenipandi, Kabindra Adhikari, Lalitha Manickam, Nirmal Kumar
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 7 3 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 7 2 - 8

Remote Sensing of Soils: Mapping, Monitoring and Measurement covers the basic, theoretical and scientific concepts of multidisciplinary subjects, including sections that relate to… Read more

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Remote Sensing of Soils: Mapping, Monitoring and Measurement covers the basic, theoretical and scientific concepts of multidisciplinary subjects, including sections that relate to soil sciences, remote sensing, geoinformatics, geomatics, civil and water resource engineering, geography, agriculture, disaster management and the earth and environmental sciences. The book consists of defined elements to help guide the reader, including an abstract, introductions, a literature review, methodology, results and discussions, findings, recommendations and conclusions. Each chapter includes theoretical information that is illustrated with flow charts, tables, figures, diagrams and other related illustrations.

Site-specific research and case studies are described throughout with geographical and demographical data, current scientific issues, impacts, solutions and societal benefits, thus providing readers from multi-disciplinary backgrounds the tools they need to successful map, analyze and monitor soils.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Section 1
Chapter 1. Introduction to soils: soil formation, composition, and its spatial distribution
Abstract
1.1 Soil perspective and definition
1.2 Composition of soil
1.3 Soil genesis
1.4 Soil-forming factors
1.5 Soil-forming process
1.6 Soil health/quality
1.7 Soil survey, classification, and mapping
1.8 Limitations
1.9 Remote sensing applications in soil survey and mapping
1.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2. Remote sensing of soils: spectral signatures and spectral indices
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Spectral characteristics of different soils
2.3 Spectral indices
References
Chapter 3. Remote sensing and geographic information system applications in mapping and assessment of soil resources
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Remote sensing of soils: principles and spectral properties
3.3 Digital image processing and soil spectral characteristics
3.4 Remote sensing data products for soil and land resources assessment
3.5 Geographic information system—components and concepts
3.6 Geo-based spatial interpolation techniques for soil properties mapping
3.7 GIS techniques for assessment of soil characteristics and slope stability
3.8 GIS modeling of soil erosion assessment and mapping
3.9 GIS techniques for assessment of salt-affected soils
3.10 Remote sensing and GIS techniques for land degradation assessment
3.11 GIS-based decision support system for soil resource management
3.12 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Section 2
Chapter 4. Remote sensing indices based soil properties measurement – a case study of the Thamirabarani River Basin, South India
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The geographical location of the study area
4.3 Materials and methods
4.4 Results and discussion
4.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5. Soil fertility mapping and applications for site-specific nutrient management: a case study
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.3 Results and discussion
5.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Spatial mapping of soil salinity in Jubail Industrial City of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia using linear regression modeling
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and methods
6.3 Results and discussion
6.4 Conclusion and recommendations
Acknowledgments
Funding
References
Chapter 7. Assessment of spatial variability of soil fertility parameters in Eastern Ghats of Karnataka: a case study
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and methods
7.3 Results and discussion
7.4 Correlation between soil properties
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Delineation of soil management units using remote sensing and geographic information system: a case study of arid region, India
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Material and methods
8.3 Results and discussion
8.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. Large scale soil mapping using high-resolution remote sensing data: a case study of semi-arid area, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Material and methods
9.3 Result and discussion
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Mapping of coastal soils using remote sensing and geographic information system
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Materials and methods
10.3 Results and discussion
10.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11. Assessment of soil moisture adequacy for rainfed crops under semiarid agro-climatic conditions in Karnataka
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and methods
11.3 Potential evapotranspiration
11.4 Soil moisture variability
11.5 Actual evapotraspiration
11.6 Leaf area index and crop yield
11.7 Results and discussion
References
Chapter 12. Morphometric analysis and prioritization of micro-watersheds of Gollalapalli subwatershed in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka using RS and GIS techniques
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Materials and methods
12.3 Results and discussion
12.4 Summary and conclusions
References
Section 3
Chapter 13. Digital Soil Mapping: concepts, methods, and applications - Remote sensing and GIS perspectives
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Evolution of digital soil mapping
13.3 Principles and concepts of DSM
13.4 Methods of DSM
13.5 Uncertainty estimation in DSM
13.6 Conventional soil mapping versus digital soil mapping
13.7 Applications of DSM
13.8 Case study: digital soil moisture mapping
13.9 Limitations and future prospects of DSM
13.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Estimating Soil Quality Index (SQI) of arid region of south India using machine learning algorithms
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Materials and methods
14.3 Results and discussion
14.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15. Digital soil mapping algorithm for soil quality assessment and monitoring: a case study in desert ecosystem of India
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Materials and methods
15.3 Results and discussion
15.4 Conclusions and future research
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 16. Investigation on the effect of vegetation and soil spectral characteristics on land surface temperature (LST) of Al-Ahsa Oasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia—a remote sensing and GIS approach
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Study area
16.3 Materials and methods
16.4 Results and discussion
16.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Funding
References
Chapter 17. Application of remote sensing in terrestrial soil organic carbon determination: a review
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Terrestrial soil C cycle and SOC stock
17.3 Spectral features of SOC
17.4 Types of remote sensing sensors and platforms
17.5 Estimation of terrestrial SOC through RS
17.6 Terrestrial SOC cycle in India: an estimation through RS
17.7 Limitations of RS for SOC monitoring
17.8 Policymaking and future research direction
17.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. Geospatial analysis of heavy metal contamination in soil and groundwater: a case study
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Case study
18.3 Study site
18.4 Sampling methodology
18.5 Analysis of soil and water samples
18.6 Geostatistical approaches
18.7 Results & discussions
18.8 Trend analysis
18.9 Summary
References
Chapter 19. Soil biodiversity and climate change impacts—a geospatial approach
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Soil biodiversity: its reality
19.3 Soil organisms and ecological function
19.4 Causes of soil biodiversity
19.5 What is climate change?
19.6 Mitigation strategies
19.7 Remote sensing of biodiversity
19.8 Remote sensing in assessing the soil biodiversity
19.9 Conclusion
19.10 Future research strategies
References
Chapter 20. Mapping of soil physical and chemical properties in Vemagal Hobli of Kolar District, Karnataka, India
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Material and methods
20.3 Results and discussion
20.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 21. Digital library software tool for land use planning under Karnataka Watershed Management System, India
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Material and Methods
21.3 Conceptual design of digital library
21.4 Database used
21.5 Digital library working mechanism
21.6 Digital library features
21.7 Result and discussion
21.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22. Remote sensing as a potential tool for advancing digital soil mapping
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Digital soil mapping
22.3 Remote sensing
22.4 Remote sensing as a potential tool for DSM
22.5 Regional extent soil organic carbon mapping using remote sensing and digital terrain attributes: a case study
22.6 Challenges and opportunities of RS for DSM
22.7 Potential applications of RS-assisted DSM
22.8 Conclusion
References
Section 4
Chapter 23. Morphometric analysis of Jajmau watershed in Kanpur, India using remote sensing and geographical information system
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Materials and methods
23.3 Results and discussion
23.4 Conclusions
Conflict of interests/competing interests
References
Chapter 24. Prediction of topsoil organic carbon stocks in forest ecosystem of the Northeastern China using remote sensing data
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Materials and methods
24.3 Results
24.4 Discussion
24.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 25. Soil organic carbon: measurement and monitoring using remote sensing data
Abstract
25.1 Background
25.2 Remote sensing
25.3 Sources of remote sensing SOC data
25.4 Measurement and monitoring of SOC
25.5 Spectral library
25.6 Modeling SOC change
25.7 Challenges with remote sensing SOC estimation
25.8 Carbon market and climate-smart commodities
25.9 Outlook
Conflict of interests
References
Chapter 26. Spatial prediction of soil organic carbon and its stocks using digital soil mapping approach
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 The development of methodologies for calculating SOC
26.3 The scope of digital soil mapping
26.4 Tools and algorithms for digital mapping of the soil
26.5 Estimation of soil organic carbon stock through DSM
26.6 Estimation of the bulk density of soil
26.7 Few case studies of estimating SOC concentration and SOC stock using DSM approaches in India
References
Chapter 27. Soil salinity assessment and mapping using spectral indices and geostatistical techniques - concepts and reviews
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
Conclusions
References
Chapter 28. Soil salinity mapping using multisensor data employing machine-learning technique: a case study from indo-gangetic plain
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Study area and data collection
28.3 Satellite data used and preprocessing
28.4 Methodology
28.5 Results and discussion
28.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 29. Soil health assessment and spatial characterization using remote sensing
Abstract
Abbreviations
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Current approaches and development in soil health assessment
29.3 Remote sensing for soil health assessment and ecosystem services
29.4 Soil health indicators
29.5 Soil health management
29.6 Future perspective and Ecosystem Service Monetization
References
Chapter 30. Mapping of Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) invasion in salt-affected soils of semiarid tropics: a case study
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Materials and methods
30.3 Results and discussion
30.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 31. Spatial crop planning for sustainable resource use and conservation of ecological resources—a case study from Vattavada, Munnar
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Material and methods
31.3 Results and discussion
31.4 Recommendations for further research or studies
Funding
References
Chapter 32. Prediction of soil nutrients using visible-near-infrared reflectance laboratory spectroscopy
Abstract
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Methodology
32.3 Results and discussion
32.4 Limitations of visible-near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
32.5 Way forward
32.6 Conclusion
References
Section 5
Chapter 33. Assessment of soil erosion in a tropical mountainous river of the Western Ghats, Southern India, using GIS-based RUSLE, SDR and AHP techniques
Abstract
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Study area
33.3 Methodology
33.4 Results and discussion
33.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Additional Information
References
Chapter 34. Soil erosion risk assessment and watershed prioritization using remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study of Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Study area
34.3 Materials and methods
34.4 Results and discussions
34.5 Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 35. Mapping of landslide susceptibility using large-scale soil information and GIS-based analytical hierarchy process technique
Abstract
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Materials and methods
35.3 Result and discussion
35.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 36. Role of vegetation in soil erosion in the Bhogdoi River Basin, Assam
Abstract
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Study area
36.3 Methodologies
36.4 Results and discussions
36.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 37. Assessment of land degradation vulnerability in the semi-arid region of Southern India using GIS-based MEDALUS approach
Abstract
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Study area
37.3 Materials and methods
37.4 Results and discussion
37.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 38. Impacts of rock quarrying on land use and soil environment of a tropical mountain landscape in south Kerala, India
Abstract
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Study area
38.3 Materials and method
38.4 Results and discussion
38.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 39. Mapping of slope failure hazard zonation subject to soil characteristics: a case study of the Chaliyar River Basin, the Western Ghats, South India
Abstract
39.1 Introduction
39.2 The geographical location of the study area
39.3 Materials and methods
39.4 Results and discussion
39.5 Conclusion and limitations
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 40. Application of geospatial modeling for assessment of land degradation susceptibility
Abstract
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Land degradation susceptibility
40.3 Physical degradation
40.4 Soil chemical degradation
40.5 Assessment of land degradation susceptibility and vulnerability
40.6 Assessment of soil degradation
40.7 Application of modeling to land degradation susceptibility and vulnerability
40.8 Soil salinity/sodicity
40.9 Vegetal degradation
40.10 Susceptibility of an ecosystem
40.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 41. Assessment of soil erosion and factor sensitivity analysis using GIS techniques—a case study of Central Region of Meghalaya, India
Abstract
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Study area
41.3 Materials and methods
41.4 Rainfall erosivity factor (R)
41.5 Soil erodibility factor (K)
41.6 Slope length and steepness factor (LS)
41.7 Cover management factor (C)
41.8 Conservation practices factor (P)
41.9 Results and discussion
41.10 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
Chapter 42. Spatial assessment of runoff and soil loss of micro watershed using MMF model—a case study of Patapur Micro Watershed, Karnataka, India
Abstract
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Methodology
42.3 Results and discussion
42.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 43. Evaluating the relation of NDVI, NDWI, SMI, and LAI to land and soil degradation processes — a case study of Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Study area
43.3 Materials and methods
43.4 Result and discussion
43.5 Conclusion
References
Index

S. Dharumarajan

Dr. S. Dharumarajan, Senior scientist in ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore, India. He received his PhD degree from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and Post Doc from The University of Sydney, Australia. He has 12 years of experience and expertise in the field of land resource inventorisation, land degradation assessment and digital soil resource mapping. He has handled various research projects financed by ICAR, French Natural Research agency, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Climate Change, Dept. of Space, Tamil Nadu State Planning Commission and World Bank in various capacities. He has published more than 50 research papers in peer reviewed national and international journals. He has been awarded Endeavour Research fellowship – 2016, ISSLUP young scientist award and ICAR-NBSS&LUP foundation day awards. Presently his research is focused on operationalisation of digital soil mapping products and integration of soil data for the wider environmental/earth modeling.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior scientist in ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore, India.

Kaliraj Seenipandi

Dr. Kaliraj Seenipandi is a scientist at the Central Geomatics Laboratory, National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram. He received his MSc in remote sensing and geoinformation technology with a first from Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, and his MTech in geomatics from the Indian Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Survey of India, Hyderabad. He was awarded the DST-INSPIRE Fellowship (both JRF and SRF) for his PhD in remote sensingegeotechnology from the Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. He has specialized in remote sensing, geoinformatics, and GIS modeling of earth and environmental processes. He has published over 30 research papers in the earth and environment fields and more than 25 proceedings in national and international conferences. He was awarded the Young Scientist of the Year 2016 award by the International Foundation for Environment and Ecology, Kolkata, in association with the Confederation of Indian Universities, New Delhi, and the Green Technologist of the Year 2017 award by the Scientific and Environmental Research Institute, New Delhi, in association with the Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment, New Delhi. His research interests are in the fields of remote sensing, geoinformatics, GIS modeling, earth and environmental dynamics, coastal vulnerability assessment, and natural resource monitoring and management.

Affiliations and expertise

scientist at the Central Geomatics Laboratory, National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram.

Kabindra Adhikari

Dr. Kabindra Adhikari is a soil scientist at the USDA-ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory in Texas, United States. He received his PhD from the Aarhus University, Denmark, and MSc from the Ghent University, Belgium. He has an extensive soil survey experience from around the world and has played important roles in international meetings in digital soil mapping and pedometrics. His research interests include digital soil mapping, precision agriculture, and soil–landscape modeling.

Lalitha Manickam

Dr. Lalitha Manickam, Scientist in ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore, India. She received her PhD degree in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. She was awarded IPI JRF for MSc program and DCSCMS-SRF award (Remote sensing for agricultural applications) for PhD from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. She has specialized in Soil survey, mapping, pedotransfer functions, modelling and soil spectral studies. She has published over 50 research papers in soil resource assessment, mapping, and land degradation, over 10 book chapters and more than 25 proceedings in national and international conferences. She has 3 best paper awards by Indian Institute of Soil Science, New Delhi, Indian Society of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur and Indian Society of Agricultural Information Technology in association with University of agricultural science, Dharwad, Karnataka. Her research interests are in the field of Soil survey and mapping, Land degradation assessment, Soil spectral studies and Land resource measurement and monitoring.

Affiliations and expertise

Scientist in ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore, India

Nirmal Kumar

Dr. Nirmal Kumar, Sr. Scientist (Agricultural Physics) with specialization in Remote Sensing and GIS applications in Natural Resource Management, graduated from the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India in 2005. He did his post graduation (2007) from Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Institute of Agricultural Research, New Delhi and doctoral degree in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry from Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur in 2018. He joined Agricultural Research Service as a scientist in 2009 at Division of Remote Sensing Applications, ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur. He has twelve years of experience in research and training in the field of Remote Sensing, Geographical information System (GIS), Soil Survey and Pedology, and Land Evaluation. His current research interests are Web GIS, Soil Spectroscopy, and machine learning. He published more than 50 peer-reviewed research papers in international and national journals of repute and authored 9 books.

Affiliations and expertise

Sr. Scientist (Agricultural Physics) with specialization in Remote Sensing and GIS applications in Natural Resource Management, graduated from the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India in 2005.