Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
- 1st Edition - November 11, 2012
- Editor: Robert Olson
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 4 4 9 8 - 9
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 8 1 7 - 7
Protein-Calorie Malnutrition reviews the state of knowledge of metabolic phenomena in the syndromes embraced by the general term protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), and places this… Read more
Protein-Calorie Malnutrition reviews the state of knowledge of metabolic phenomena in the syndromes embraced by the general term protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), and places this new knowledge in perspective with the traditional descriptions of kwashiorkar and marasmus. The clarification it provides constitutes a benchmark for design of future programs of prevention, therapy, rehabilitation, research, or teaching. Highly noteworthy are the new advances in amino acid and protein metabolism; the enlightening evidence concerning lysine and carnitine; the evidences of derangements or deficiencies of the broad spectrum of nutrients from carbohydrates to vitamins and minerals; and the implications of these for recovery and therapy. This book includes papers on the following: the impact of age on amino acid requirements; the mechanisms of adaptation to low-protein intakes; the metabolic consequences of essential amino acid deficiency in higher animals; carbohydrate metabolism; vitamin deficiencies associated with PCM; and mineral metabolism in PCM. Other studies deal with the effects of malnutrition on endocrine function; liver function in PCM; the synergistic interaction of malnutrition and infection; and the treatment and prevention of PCM.
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Amino Acid Requirements and Age
Introduction
Amino Acid Requirements and Protein Quality
Practical Applications
References
Discussion
Adaptation to Low-Protein Intakes
Introduction
Albumin Metabolism
Conservation of Nitrogen
Oxidation of Essential Amino Acids
Protein Metabolism in Muscle
Control Mechanisms
Conclusion
References
Protein Turnover in Various Nutritional States
Text
References
Discussion
Lysine Metabolism in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition with Attention to the Synthesis of Carnitine
The Lysine/Carnitine-Precursor/Product Relationship
Lysine Deficiency and Concomitant Impairment of Carnitine Biosynthesis: Nutritional Implications
References
Discussion
Cellular Energy Metabolism in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Introduction
Results
Discussion
Summary
References
Discussion
Brain DNA Synthesis in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Growth Retardation
Mechanisms Controlling Cellular Growth
Human Brain Growth
Summary
References
Electroencephalograms, Learning, and Malnutrition
Text
References
The Relationship of Severe Marasmic Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Rehabilitation in Infancy to Subsequent Mental Development
Subjects
Methods
Results
Discussion
References
Discussion
Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Protein- Calorie Malnutrition
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Fat Metabolism
Summary
References
Discussion
Water-Soluble Vitamins in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Prevalence of Vitamin Deficiencies Associated with PCM
Thiamine Status in PCM
Riboflavin Status in PCM
Folic Acid Status in PCM
Vitamin B12 in PCM
Pyridoxine in PCM
Niacin in PCM
Vitamin C in PCM
Summary
References
Nutritional Survey of Children in the Dominican Republic with Attention to Deficits in Water-Soluble Vitamins
Text
References
Discussion
The Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Protein-Calorie (Energy) Malnutrition
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The Fat-Soluble Vitamins
The Deficiency States in Relation to PEM
Conclusion
References
Discussion
Mineral Metabolism in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Potassium
Organ Analyses
Significance of Changes in WBK and Organ Potassium
Magnesium
Sodium
The Genesis and Significance of These Changes
References
Mineral Metabolism in Protein Malnutrition
Text
References
Discussion
Endocrines and Malnutrition
Human Growth Hormone (HGH) in Kwashiorkor and Marasmus (PEM)
Adrenal Function and Malnutrition
Insulin and Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Thyroid and Thyrotropin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Conclusions
References
Discussion
Erythropoiesis in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Physiological Changes
Pathological Changes
Summary
References
The Anemia of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Text
References
The Effect of Vitamin E on the Anemia of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition in Northern Thai Children
Text
References
Discussion
The Effect of Variations in Protein and Calorie Intake on the Rate of Recovery and Selected Physiological Responses in Thai Children with Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Design of the Study
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Summary
References
The Liver in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition: An Ultrastructural Study
Text
References
Discussion
Calories in the Treatment of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Text
References
Protein-Sparing Effect of Excess Calories during Adaptation to Low-Protein Intake
Summary
References
Discussion
Protein versus Calories in the Treatment of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition: Metabolic and Population Studies in India
Longitudinal Studies
Cross-Sectional Studies
Effect of Calorie Supplementation
Clinical Studies
References
Discussion
Interactions of Malnutrition and Infection: Advances in Understanding
Mechanisms of Interaction
Epidemiologie Evidence
Effect of Nutrition Intervention Studies
New Experimental Evidence of the Effects of Infection on Nutritional Status
The Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Malnutrition in Immunity
Summary
References
Immunoglobulins and Complement in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Text
References
Cell-Mediated Immunity in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Text
References
Discussion
Treatment of Severe Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Location of Treatment - In or Outside the Hospital?
Opinions and Practices in Management
Nutrition Education and Prevention through Treatment Centers
Conclusion
References
The In-Patient and Out-Patient Treatment of the Child with Severe Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Diagnostic Program
Out-Patient Followup Program
Summary
References
Discussion
Prevention of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies Associated with Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Summary
References
Discussion
Prevention of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
The Problem
Prevention of PCM
Definition of Nutritional and Food Problems and Surveillance of the Population at Risk
Education
Control of Infections
Supplementary Feeding Programs: Treatment and Nutritional Rehabilitation
Agricultural and Socioeconomic Measures
References
Discussion
Subject Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 11, 2012
- Language: English
Read Protein-Calorie Malnutrition on ScienceDirect