Prostheses for the Brain
Introduction to Neuroprosthetics
- 1st Edition - April 3, 2021
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Authors: Andrej Kral, Felix Aplin, Hannes Maier
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 8 8 9 2 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 8 8 9 3 - 4
Prostheses for the Brain: Introduction to Neuroprosthetics bridges the disciplines required in the field of neuroprosthetics and provides the interdisciplinary base required… Read more
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Request a sales quoteProstheses for the Brain: Introduction to Neuroprosthetics bridges the disciplines required in the field of neuroprosthetics and provides the interdisciplinary base required for understanding neuroprosthetic devices. It introduces basic aspects from the physical, bioengineering and medical perspectives, and forms a common knowledge base. It provides the entrance to the field and sets realistic expectations, both regarding potentials as well as limitations, for the devices in both design and outcomes.
The book additionally reviews the technology behind the most frequently used and most clinically successful neuroprosthetic devices. It provides the physiological background for their function, as well as the technology behind them. Finally, the authors suggest future possible developments that may play crucial role in new prostheses for the brain. This gives the reader a comprehensive view on the principles and applications of neuroprostheses. This book has been built from the authors course they teach on neuroprostheses and is ideal for students, engineers and medical professionals in this field.
- Introduces the general principles of conductivity of electrolytes and the processes at the tissue–electrode interface
- Describes safety issues and regulatory rules, clarifies conceptual differences between stimulating and sensing electrodes
- Reviews stimulation strategies, tissue reactions, potential medical complications, brain adaptations and the clinically most successful applications of neuroprostheses
Biomedical, Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. Students of biomedical technology. Engineers working with neuroprostheses
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Preface
- Part 1: Introduction
- Chapter 1: The historic preconditions of neural prostheses
- Abstract
- Historic roots of biomedical technology
- History of computer technology
- Development of electrophysiology
- The concept of a neural prosthesis
- Brief summary
- Chapter 2: History of neuroprostheses
- Abstract
- Historical attempts at electrical stimulation
- Mapping the brain
- Deep brain stimulation
- Invention of the implantable pacemaker
- Early brain prostheses
- Development of the cochlear implant
- Contemporary neuroprostheses
- Brief summary
- Chapter 3: Ethics and technology development
- Abstract
- Ethical perspectives
- Ethical aspects of technology development
- Medical technology
- Ethical aspects for general design considerations
- Brain implants as human “extension”?
- Brief summary
- Part 2: Principles
- Chapter 4: Neuronal excitation
- Abstract
- Neuronal excitation
- Propagation of excitation
- Dynamic properties of the neuronal membranes: Time and length constants
- Thresholds in excitation
- Macroanatomy of the nervous system
- Brief summary
- Chapter 5: Electrode-tissue interface
- Abstract
- The water hose analogy
- Electrode configurations
- Electric models of the double layer
- Brief summary
- Chapter 6: Artificial electrical stimulation: Principles, efficacy, and safety
- Abstract
- Charge, current, and thresholds
- Materials for electrostimulation
- Faradaic charge transfer
- AC/DC stimulation
- Safety limits
- Microelectrodes
- Electrode surface and electrode impedance
- Other surface materials
- Brief summary
- Chapter 7: Stimulation rules
- Abstract
- Geometry of the electric field and the neurons
- Previous activation history: Temporal adaptation phenomena
- Signal forms
- Energy requirements
- Brief summary
- Chapter 8: Tissue reaction to neuroprostheses
- Abstract
- Surrounding tissue adaptations: The implant as a foreign body
- Electrode impedance and its clinical value
- Infection of the implants
- Summary
- Brief summary
- Chapter 9: Brain adaptations to neuroprostheses
- Abstract
- Neuronal plasticity and neuroprosthetic devices
- Forms of neuronal plasticity
- Plasticity and brain structures
- Brain plasticity affects outcomes of prosthetic therapy
- Plasticity in adult age
- Adaptation in senior age
- Detecting adaptations and maladaptations to the implant
- Brief summary
- Chapter 10: Advanced concepts physical chemistry: Electrodes and electrolytes
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Faraday constant
- Specific conductivity
- Conductivity of strong electrolytes
- Strong and weak electrolytes
- Ion mobilities and solvation of ions
- Conductivity and mobility of ions
- Hittorf transport numbers
- Conductometric titration
- The tissue-electrode interface: Electrochemical processes
- Chemical surface charges
- Mathematical treatment of the interface impedance
- Non-polarizing electrodes
- Brief summary
- Part 3: Applications
- Chapter 11: Auditory neuroprostheses
- Abstract
- Hearing loss
- The cochlear implant
- Auditory brainstem implants
- Auditory midbrain implants
- Brief summary
- Chapter 12: Visual neuroprostheses
- Abstract
- The retina
- Information processing in the visual system
- The post-retinal visual pathway
- Vision loss
- Retinal remodeling
- Animal models of blindness
- Retinal implants: Basic principles
- Optic nerve implants
- Cortical and lateral geniculate nucleus visual implants
- Data processing and stimulation strategies
- Clinical outcomes
- Brief summary
- Chapter 13: Pacemaker for the brain: Deep brain stimulation
- Abstract
- Parkinson's disease
- Mechanism of deep brain stimulation
- Design of the stimulator
- The electrode
- Stimulation configuration
- Clinical approaches
- Concluding remarks
- Brief summary
- Chapter 14: Peripheral nerve and spinal stimulation
- Abstract
- Physiology of the nociceptive and somatosensory periphery
- Neurophysiology of the spinal cord and dorsal horn
- Information processing principles in peripheral/spinal nociception
- Chronic neuropathic pain
- Pain neuromodulation
- Measuring clinical outcomes
- Brief summary
- Chapter 15: Sensing implants
- Abstract
- Non-invasive BCI
- Invasive BCI
- Electrocorticographic and endovascular recording
- Single-unit recording arrays
- Decoders
- Brief summary
- Chapter 16: Future directions
- Abstract
- Emerging neural interface therapies
- Upcoming technological innovations
- Brief summary
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: April 3, 2021
- No. of pages (Paperback): 414
- No. of pages (eBook): 414
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128188927
- eBook ISBN: 9780128188934
AK
Andrej Kral
Andrej Kral received MD in general medicine in 1993 and a PhD in pathological physiology in 1998 from the Medical School, Comenius University, Slovak Republic. Since 2009, he has been professor of auditory neurophysiology at the Medical School Hanover, director of Dept. of Experimental Otology, and Co-Director of the Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology of the Medical School Hannover. In 2017, he became member of the National Academy of Science and in 2018, he was appointed professor of systems neuroscience at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Dr. Kral has been teaching different aspects of neuroscience and neuroprosthetics since 1998 (to medical students, biologists and engineers).
Dr. Kral has published more than 90 peer-reviewed articles, including high-impact journals New England J Med, Science, Lancet Neurol, Nat Neurosci, Trends Neurosci and Brain. He published several reviews on deafness both in clinical as well as in theoretical journals. He coauthored a book on computational neuroscience, edited one of the Springer Handbook of Auditory Research volume (47) and is a chapter author (vol. 20). Dr. Kral has been chapter author for several edited volumes including the recent “The Auditory Cortex” (Springer). His areas of expertise include electrical stimulation of neurons, cochlear implants, central neuroprosthetics, plasticity and development of the brain. For more details, publications and a complete CV, see www.neuroprostheses.com.
Affiliations and expertise
Chaired Professor of Auditory Neuroscience, Hannover School of Medicine, Germany; Professor of Systems Neuroscience, Macquarie University, AustraliaFA
Felix Aplin
Felix Aplin is a Postdoctoral Researcher at Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Technology in the Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Germany
Affiliations and expertise
Postdoctoral Researcher, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Technology, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, GermanyHM
Hannes Maier
Hannes Maier studied mathematics and physics in Giessen, Germany and received a diploma and a PhD in physics in 1987 and 1993 from J. W. Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, where he worked at the Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics on the theory of mechanical interaction between electric fields and cells. During his postdoctoral time he worked on the efferent control of basilar membrane micromechanics at the Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany. In 1998 he became head of the Audiology and Neurootology Department at the ENT clinics of the University Medical Center Hamburg – Eppendorf, where he was appointed associate professor (PD) in experimental audiology in 2007. After working as research consultant in medical devices at Phonak Acoustic Implants SA, Morges, Switzerland, he was appointed professor of auditory prostheses at the Medical School Hanover in 2012.
Dr. Maier has published more than 50 peer-reviewed scientific articles on both topics of transduction processes in the ear as well as methods of measuring ionic concentrations in minimal volumes. He holds several technological patents in this field. His areas of expertise include theoretical biophysics, physical chemistry and physiology of the auditory periphery, interaction of lasers with tissue, and in recent years also, in collaboration with industry partners, mechanical stimulation of the middle ear and the cochlea.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Auditory Prostheses, Hannover School of Medicine, GermanyRead Prostheses for the Brain on ScienceDirect