Prevention of Actuator Emissions in the Oil and Gas Industry

1. Terms and definitions

2. Introduction to actuators

2.1 Actuator definition

2.2 Actuators source of power

2.2.1 None subsea oil and gas

2.2.1.1 Air

2.2.1.2 Hydraulic oil

2.2.1.3 Electricity

2.2.1.4 Gas

2.2.2 Subsea oil and gas

2.2.2.1 Hydraulic oil

2.2.2.2 Electricity

2.3 Actuators types of design

2.3.1 Linear actuators

2.3.1.1 Diaphragm actuators

2.3.1.2 Linear piston actuators

2.3.1.3 Linear electrical actuators

2.3.2 Rotary actuators

2.3.2.1 Rotary diaphragm actuator

2.3.2.2 Rotary piston type actuators

2.3.2.2.1 Rack and pinion actuators

2.3.2.2.2 Scotch yoke actuators

2.3.2.2.3 Helical spline actuators

2.3.2.3 Rotary electrical actuators

2.3.2.4 Rotary electro-hydraulic actuators

2.3.2.5 Rotary direct gas actuators

2.3.2.6 Rotary gas over oil actuators

2.4 Control system & actuator accessories

2.4.1 Block valve

2.4.2 Filter and regulator

2.4.3 Check valve

2.4.4 Solenoid valve

2.4.5 Quick exhaust valve

2.4.6 Limit switch

2.4.7 Tube

2.4.8 End stopper

2.4.9 Position indicator

2.5 Questions and Answers

3. Actuator selection for reducing emission

3.1 Actuators & fugitive emission

3.2 Actuators and hydraulic oil spill

3.3 Actuator selection

3.3.1 Non-subsea oil and gas industry

3.3.2 Subsea oil and gas industry

3.4 Actuator selection to reduce emission

3.5 Questions and Answers

4. All electrical subsea system and actuation

4.1 An introduction to subsea

4.2 Benefits of all electrical subsea system

4.2.1 Cost

4.2.1.1 CAPEX

4.2.1.2 OPEX

4.2.2 HSE

4.2.3 Reliability

4.2.4 Flexibility and efficiency

4.2.5 Functionality

4.3 Subsea valves and applications

4.4 Subsea electrical actuators design review

4.4.1 Direct drive vs. gear operated motors

4.4.2 Fail safe mode operation

4.4.3 ROV override

4.4.4 Conversion of rotation to linear movement

4.5 All electrical subsea actuators case study for manifolds

4.6 Questions and Answers

5. Subsea hydraulic system development for reducing emission

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Open and closed loop hydraulic systems

5.2.1 Introduction and Description

5.2.2 Comparison

5.2.2.1 Operability and response time

5.2.2.2 Reliability

5.2.2.3 Logistics and installation

5.2.2.4 Environmental issues

5.3 Case studies

5.3.1 Closed loop hydraulic system in a subsea project

5.3.2 Effect of closed loop system on design of an actuator

5.4 Conclusions

5.5 Questions and Answers

6. Subsea actuator compensation system development for reducing emission

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Types of compensation systems

6.2.1 Closed compensation system

6.2.2 Open compensation system

6.2.3 Questions and Answers

7. HIPPS for fugitive emission reduction

7.1 Flare system

7.2 Flaring and fugitive emission

7.3 HIPPS for flare reduction

7.4 HIPPS justification

7.5 HIPPS and flare reduction case study

7.6 Questions and Answers