Practical Chemical Thermodynamics for Geoscientists

Dedication

Preface

Chapter 1. Definition, Development, and Applications of Thermodynamics

I Historical Development of Chemical Thermodynamics

II Pioneering Applications in the Geosciences

III Thermodynamics versus Kinetics

Chapter 2. Important Concepts and Mathematical Methods

I Definitions

II Pressure and Temperature

III Boyle’s Law

IV Charles’s or Gay-Lussac’s Law

V Dalton’s Law

VI An Ideal Gas Thermometer

VII Ideal Gas Equation of State (the Ideal Gas Law)

VIII The PVT Surface for an Ideal Gas

IX Complete Differentials and the PVT Surface of an Ideal Gas

X Thermal Expansion Coefficient

XI Compressibility Coefficient

XII Some Further Notes about Differentials

Problems

Chapter 3. The First Law of Thermodynamics

I Historical Overview of Ideas about Heat and Work

II The First Law of Thermodynamics

III Some Applications of the First Law to Ideal Gases

IV Adiabatic Processes and the Thermal Structure of Planetary Atmospheres

V Other Types of Work

Problems

Chapter 4. Thermal Properties of Pure Substances and Some Applications

I Some Basic Concepts about Heat Capacity and Enthalpy

II An Overview of Calorimetry

III Thermal Properties of Solids

Problems

Chapter 5. Thermochemistry

I Some Basic Concepts

II Calorimetric Measurement of Reaction Enthalpies

III Some Applications of Thermochemistry

Problems

Chapter 6. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy

I A Review of Some Important Definitions

II Historical Development of the Second Law

III The Second Law OF THERMODYNAMICS

IV Carnot Cycle

V Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

VI Entropy

VII Some Applications of the Second Law

VIII Gibbs and Helmholtz Free Energy

IX Entropy and Probability

Problems

Chapter 7. Phase Equilibria of Pure Materials

I Basic Concepts and Definitions

II Phase Equilibria, the Clapeyron Equation, and the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

III Effect of Total Pressure on Vapor Pressure

IV Types of Phase Transitions

V Melting Curves and Polymorphic Phase Transitions at High Pressures

Problems

Chapter 8. Equations of State

I The Maxwell Relations and Thermodynamic Formulas

II Real Gas Equations of State and Thermodynamics

III Thermodynamic Properties of Real Gases

IV Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Mixtures

V Critical Phenomena of Real Gases

VI Equations of State for Solids and Liquids

Problems

Chapter 9. The Third Law of Thermodynamics

I Historical Development of the Nernst Heat Theorem

II The Third Law and Its Consequences

III The Third Law and Entropy

IV Absolute Entropy Values and the Third Law

Problems

Chapter 10. Chemical Equilibria

I Chemical Equilibria of Gases

II Gas-Condensed Phase Equilibria

III Gibbs Free Energy and Electrochemistry

Problems

Chapter 11. Solutions

I Basic Concepts

II Partial Molal Properties

III Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal and Dilute Solutions

IV Thermodynamic Properties of Nonideal (Real) Solutions

V Aqueous Solutions

VI Activity Coefficients of Aqueous Electrolytes

Problems∗

Chapter 12. Phase Equilibria of Binary Systems

I Binary Phase Diagrams

Problems

Chapter 2. Problem Solutions

Chapter 3. Problem Solutions

Chapter 4. Problem Solutions

Chapter 5. Solutions

Chapter 6. Solutions

Chapter 7. Problem Solutions

REFERENCES

Chapter 8. Problem Solutions

Chapter 9. Problem Solutions

REFERENCES

Chapter 10. Problem Solution

REFERENCES

Chapter 11. Solutions

Chapter 12. Problem Solutions

REFERENCES

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

References

Index