Polymer Composites Derived from Animal Sources

1st Edition - March 31, 2024
Editors: S. M. Sapuan, C. H. Azhari, N. M. Nurazzi
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 4 1 4 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 4 1 3 - 3

Polymer Composites Derived from Animal Sources presents a systematic review of recent developments in this important research field. The book provides a thorough introduct… Read more

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Polymer Composites Derived from Animal Sources presents a systematic review of recent developments in this important research field. The book provides a thorough introduction to the various types of animal-based material resources currently available and discusses their morphology, extraction process, sustainability, formation, properties, and applications. Emphasis is placed on applications of polymer composites derived from wool, silk, chicken, bovine, marine life, and animal waste. Different types of processing techniques are discussed in detail as well as chemical modification, interfacial adhesion, and the structure-property relationship.

The book will be a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, and materials scientists and engineers working on the research and development of natural-based composites derived from animal sources.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Section I: An overview of animal-based composites
1. An introduction to animal-based composites: possible animal-derived materials and the extraction process
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Animal fibers: types and classifications
1.3 Properties of animal fibers
1.4 Application of animal-based composites
1.5 Summary
References
2. Wool fiber–reinforced polymer composites
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fabrication of wool-based composites
2.3 Characteristic of wool-based composites
2.4 Application of wool-based composites
2.5 Conclusions
References
3. Interlaminar fracture characteristics of woven silk fiber composites
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and methods
3.3 Results and discussion
3.4 Conclusion
References
4. Bovine as biofiller in biocomposites
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Bovine-based biofiller
4.3 Bovine biofiller–based biocomposites
4.4 Applications of bovine biofiller–based biocomposites
4.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Artificial intelligence (AI) disclosure
References
5. Chicken feather–reinforced polymer composites
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Preparation of chicken feather–based composites
5.3 Properties
5.4 Applications of chicken feather–based composites
5.5 Conclusions
References
6. Development, characterization, and applications of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite composites
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Eggshell hydroxyapatite
6.3 Characteristics and characterizations
6.4 Eggshell-based hydroxyapatite composited
6.5 Recent advances
6.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
AI disclosure
References
7. Sustainable biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan composites
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biological properties
7.3 Thermal properties
7.4 Mechanical properties
7.5 Applications
7.6 Conclusions
7.7 Future scope and challenges
References
8. Collagen-based biocomposites
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Collagen composite
8.3 Applications
8.4 Conclusions
References
9. Development and characterization of crab-based chitosan filler–reinforced polymer composites
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Properties of crab-based chitosan
9.3 Crab-based chitosan filler–reinforced composite
9.4 Performance evaluation of chitosan filler–reinforced composite
9.5 Challenges and future recommendations
9.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section II: Animal-based composites: applications and future perspectives
10. Design and fabrication of Bombyx mori silk/epoxy composite solar racing car body
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Design and simulation of the two-dimensional body
10.3 Fabrication process
10.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
11. Energy attenuation capability of woven natural silk/epoxy laminates subjected to drop weight impacts
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and methods
11.3 Results and discussions
11.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
12. Keratin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Keratin
12.3 Characteristics and characterizations
12.4 Keratin-based composite biomaterials
12.5 Biomedical applications
12.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
13. Mechanical performance of seashell-reinforced polymer composites for structural applications
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Classifications and chemistry of seashell
13.3 Mechanical performance of seashell-reinforced polymer composites
13.4 Performance of seashell-reinforced thermoplastic composites
13.5 Performance of seashell-reinforced thermosetting composites
13.6 Conclusions and future perspective
References
14. Marine-derived collagen composites for bone regeneration: extraction and performance evaluation
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Sea life-derived collagen and its classification
14.3 Extraction of collagen-based composites from sea life
14.4 Performance evaluation of collagen-based composites for bone regeneration
14.5 Factors affecting the performance of collagen-based composites
14.6 Limitations and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
15. Cow bone as reinforcement fillers in polymer composites for structural applications
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Properties of cow bone
15.3 Overall process involved to prepare the cow bone–based composites
15.4 Performance evaluation of cow bone–polymer composites
15.5 Structural applications of cow bone–polymer composites
15.6 Challenges and future recommendations
15.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
16. Preparation, characterization and application of nanocellulose from tunicate for electronic applications
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Overview of tunicate
16.3 Preparation of tunicate nanocellulose
16.4 Characterization of nanocellulose from tunicate
16.5 Tunicate reinforced in polymer composite
16.6 Tunicate in the electronic application
References
17. Structural and performance of chitosan-based polymer composites for electrical applications
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Overview of chitosan
17.3 Characterization of bio-based polymer composites and their multifunctional properties
17.4 Preparation approaches of chitosan-based membrane for polymer electrolyte
17.5 Chitosan-based polymer composite electrolytes for electrochemical devices
17.6 Conclusion
References
18. Challenges, environmental concerns, and future perspectives for animal-based composites
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Keratin-based materials and their applications
18.3 Environmental challenge and concern
18.4 Environmental impact considerations
18.5 Future perspective
18.6 Conclusion
References
19. Environmental and economic issues for animal-based composites
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Brief overview of the environmental and economical cases on animal-based composites
19.3 Potential economic benefits and challenges associated with using animal-based composites
19.4 Challenges and limitations of animal-based composites
19.5 Lack of awareness and education on the benefits of animal-based composites
19.6 Conclusion
AI disclosure
References
Index

S. M. Sapuan

S.M. Sapuan is a Professor (Grade “A”) of composite materials in the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, at the Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is also Head of the Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC) at UPM. He attained his BEng in mechanical engineering from the University of Newcastle, in Australia and then went on to receive his MSc in engineering design and PhD in materials engineering, from De Montfort University in the UK. He is a Professional Engineer and a Fellow of many professional societies, including the Society of Automotive Engineers; the Academy of Science Malaysia; the International Society for Development and Sustainability; the World Academy of Sciences; the Plastic and Rubber Institute Malaysia (PRIM); the Malaysian Scientific Association and the Institute of Materials Malaysia. He is an Honorary Member and past Vice President of the Asian Polymer Association and Founding Chairman and Honorary Member of The Society of Sugar Palm Development and Industry, Malaysia. During the course of his career, he has produced over 2500 publications, including 989 journal papers, 68 books and 246 book chapters.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Composite Materials, Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

C. H. Azhari

C.H. Azhari (also known as Che Husna Azhari) is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Professor Azhari was conferred the Emeritus Professorship in Polymer Processing from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in April 2021, having served as an academic in the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment for more than 30 years. She was awarded her undergraduate and PhD degrees from Brunel University, in the UK. Her research specialisation is in non-metallic materials processing. Prof Husna is a Chartered Engineer of the Engineering Council of the UK and a Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Malaysia.

Affiliations and expertise

Emeritus Professor, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

N. M. Nurazzi

N. M. Nurazzi is a senior lecturer at the School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. Before joining the Universiti Sains Malaysia he was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, under a Newton Research Grant to study the “Role of Intermolecular Interaction in Conductive Polymer Wrapped MWCNT as Organophosphate Sensing Material Structure”. He obtained BSc. and MSc. in Polymer Technology from the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) in 2011 and 2014, respectively. In 2018, he was awarded a PhD from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) in Materials Engineering under the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia scholarship. His main research interests are polymer composites and natural fibre composites. To date, he has authored and co-authored over 200 publications, including 100 journal papers, 4 books and 50 book chapters.

Affiliations and expertise

Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

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Polymer Composites Derived from Animal Sources

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S. M. Sapuan

C. H. Azhari

N. M. Nurazzi