Plastic Surgery

Contents

Foreword by Joseph G. McCarthy XXX

Preface to the Third Edition XXX

List of Contributors XXX

Acknowledgments XXX

Dedication XXX

Volume One: Principles

Geoffrey C. Gurtner

1

Plastic surgery and innovation in medicine XXXPeter C. Neligan

2

History of reconstructive and aesthetic surgery XXXRiccardo F. Mazzola and Isabella C. Mazzola

3

Psychological aspects of plastic surgery XXXLaurie A. Stevens and Mary H. McGrath

4

The role of ethics in plastic surgery XXXPhillip C. Haeck

5

Business principles for plastic surgeons XXXC. Scott Hultman

6

Medico-legal issues in plastic surgery XXXNeal R. Reisman

7

Photography in plastic surgery XXXBrian M. Kinney

8

Patient safety in plastic surgery XXXBruce Halperin

9

Local anesthetics in plastic surgery XXXA. Aldo Mottura

10

Evidence-based medicine and health services research in plastic surgery XXXCarolyn L. Kerrigan, E. Dale Collins Vidal, Andrea L. Pusic, Amy K. Alderman, and Valerie Lemaine

11

Genetics and prenatal diagnosis XXXDaniel Nowinski, Elizabeth Kiwanuka, Florian Hackl, Bohdan Pomahac, and Elof Eriksson

12

Principles of cancer management XXXTomer Avraham, Evan Matros, and Babak J. Mehrara

13

Stem cells and regenerative medicine XXXBenjamin Levi, Derrick C. Wan, Victor W. Wong, Geoffrey C. Gurtner, and Michael T. Longaker

14

Wound healing XXXChandan K. Sen and Sashwati Roy

15

Skin wound healing: Repair biology, wound, and scar treatment XXXUrsula Mirastschijski, Andreas Jokuszies, and Peter M. Vogt

16

Scar prevention, treatment, and revision XXXPeter Lorenz and A. Sina Bari

17

Skin graft XXXSaja S. Scherer-Pietramaggiori, Giorgio Pietramaggiori, and Dennis P. Orgill

18

Tissue graft, tissue repair, and regeneration XXXWei Liu and Yilin Cao

19

Tissue engineering XXXAndrea J. O’Connor and Wayne A. Morrison

20

Repair, grafting, and engineering of cartilage XXXWei Liu and Yilin Cao

21

Repair and grafting of bone XXXIris A. Seitz, Chad M. Teven, and Russell R. Reid

22

Repair and grafting of peripheral nerve XXXRenata V. Weber, Kirsty U. Boyd, and Susan E. Mackinnon

23

Vascular territories XXXSteven F. Morris and G. Ian Taylor

24

Flap classification and applications XXXScott L. Hansen, David M. Young, Patrick Lang, and Hani Sbitany

25

Flap pathophysiology and pharmacology XXXCho Y. Pang and Peter C. Neligan

26

Principles and techniques of microvascular surgery XXXFu-Chan Wei and Sherilyn Keng Lin Tay

27

Principles and applications of tissue expansion XXXMalcolm W. Marks and Louis C. Argenta

28

Therapeutic radiation: Principles, effects, and complications XXXGabrielle M. Kane

29

Vascular anomalies XXXArin K. Greene and John B. Mulliken

30

Benign and malignant nonmelanocytic tumors of the skin and soft tissue XXXRei Ogawa

31

Melanoma XXXStephan Ariyan and Aaron Berger

32

Implants and biomaterials XXXCharles E. Butler and Timothy W. King

33

Facial prosthetics in plastic surgery XXXGordon H. Wilkes, Mohammed M. Al Kahtani, and Johan F. Wolfaardt

34

Transplantation in plastic surgery XXXDavid W. Mathes, Peter E. M. Butler, and W. P. Andrew Lee

35

Technology innovation in plastic surgery: A practical guide for the surgeon innovator XXXLeila Jazayeri and Geoffrey C. Gurtner

36

Robotics, simulation, and telemedicine in plastic surgery XXXJoseph M. Rosen, Todd E. Burdette, Erin Donaldson, Robyn Mosher, Lindsay B. Katona, and Sarah A. Long

Volume Two: Aesthetic

Richard J. Warren

1

Managing the cosmetic patient XXXMichelle B. Locke and Foad Nahai

Section I: Aesthetic Surgery of the Face

2

Nonsurgical skin care and rejuvenation XXXLeslie Baumann

3

Botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) XXXMichael A.C. Kane

4

Soft-tissue fillers XXXTrevor M. Born, Lisa E. Airan, and Dimitrios Motakis

5

Facial skin resurfacing XXXSteven R. Cohen, Ryan C. Frank, and E. Victor Ross

6

Anatomy of the aging face XXXBryan Mendelson and Chin-Ho Wong

7

Forehead rejuvenation XXXRichard J. Warren

8

Blepharoplasty XXXJulius Few Jr. and Marco Ellis

9

Secondary blepharoplasty: Techniques XXXGlenn W. Jelks, Elizabeth B. Jelks, Ernest S. Chiu, and Douglas S. Steinbrech

10

Asian facial cosmetic surgery XXXKyung S. Koh, Jong Woo Choi, and Clyde H. Ishii

11.1

Facelift: Principles XXXRichard J. Warren

11.2

Facelift: Introduction to deep tissue techniques XXXRichard J. Warren

11.3

Facelift: Platysma-SMAS plication XXXDai M. Davies and Miles G. Berry

11.4

Facelift: Facial rejuvenation with loop sutures, the MACS lift and its derivatives XXXMark Laurence Jewell

11.5

Facelift: Lateral SMASectomy XXXDaniel C. Baker

11.6

Facelift: The extended SMAS technique in facial rejuvenation XXXJames M. Stuzin

11.7

Facelift: SMAS with skin attached – the "high SMAS" technique XXXFritz E. Barton Jr.

11.8

Facelift: Subperiosteal facelift XXXOscar M. Ramirez

12

Secondary deformities and the secondary facelift XXXTimothy J. Marten and Dino Elyassnia

13

Neck rejuvenation XXXJames E. Zins, Colin Myles Morrison, and Claude-Jean Langevin

14

Structural fat grafting XXXSydney R. Coleman and Alesia P. Saboeiro

15

Skeletal augmentation XXXMichael J. Yaremchuk

16

Anthropometry, cephalometry, and orthognathic surgery XXXDaniel I. Taub, Jordan M.S. Jacobs, and Jonathan S. Jacobs

17

Nasal analysis and anatomy XXXJoel E. Pessa and Rod J. Rohrich

18

Open technique rhinoplasty XXXRod J. Rohrich and Jamil Ahmad

19

Closed technique rhinoplasty XXXMark B. Constantian

20

Airway issues and the deviated nose XXXBahman Guyuron and Bryan S. Armijo

21

Secondary rhinoplasty XXXRonald P. Gruber, Simeon H. Wall Jr., David L. Kaufman, and David M. Kahn

22

Otoplasty XXXCharles H. Thorne

23

Hair restoration XXXJack Fisher

Section II: General Aesthetic Surgery

24

Liposuction: A comprehensive review of techniques and safety XXXJeffrey M. Kenkel and Phillip J. Stephan

25

Abdominoplasty procedures XXXDirk F. Richter and Alexander Stoff

26

Lipoabdominoplasty XXXOsvaldo Ribeiro Saldanha, Sérgio Fernando Dantas de Azevedo, Osvaldo Ribeiro Saldanha Filho, Cristianna Bonneto Saldanha, and Luis Humberto Uribe Morelli

27

Lower bodylifts XXXAl Aly, Khalid Al-Zahrani, and Albert Cram

28

Buttock augmentation XXXTerrence W. Bruner, José Abel de la Peña Salcedo, Constantino G. Mendieta, and Thomas L. Roberts III

29

Upper limb contouring XXXJoseph F. Capella, Matthew J. Trovato, and Scott Woehrle

30

Post-bariatric reconstruction XXXJonathan W. Toy and J. Peter Rubin

31

Aesthetic genital surgery XXXGary J. Alter

Volume Three: Craniofacial, Head and Neck Surgery and Pediatric Plastic Surgery

Part 1: Craniofacial, head and neck surgery: Eduardo D. Rodriguez

1

Anatomy of the head and neck XXXAhmed M. Afifi and Risal Djohan

Section I: Craniofacial Trauma

2

Facial trauma: Soft tissue injuries XXXReid V. Mueller

3

Facial fractures XXXEduardo D. Rodriguez, Amir H. Dorafshar, and Paul N. Manson

4

TMJ dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea XXXStephen A. Schendel and Brinda Thimmappa

Section II: Head and Neck Reconstruction

5

Scalp and forehead reconstruction XXXMark D. Wells and Carla Skytta

6

Aesthetic nasal reconstruction XXXFrederick J. Menick

7

Reconstruction of the ear XXXBurton D. Brent

8

Acquired cranial and facial bone deformities XXXRenee M. Burke, Robert J. Morin, and S. Anthony Wolfe

9

Midface reconstruction XXXConstance M. Chen, Joseph J. Disa, and Peter G. Cordeiro

10

Cheek and lip reconstruction XXXPeter C. Neligan

11

Facial paralysis XXXRonald M. Zuker, Eyal Gur, Gazi Hussain, and Ralph T. Manktelow

12

Oral cavity, tongue, and mandibular reconstructions XXXMing-Huei Cheng and Jung-Ju Huang

13

Hypopharyngeal, esophageal, and neck reconstruction XXXPeirong Yu

14

Salivary gland tumors XXXStephan Ariyan, Deepak Narayan, and Charlotte E. Ariyan

15

Tumors of the facial skeleton: Fibrous dysplasia XXXYou-Wei Cheong and Yu-Ray Chen

16

Tumors of the lips, oral cavity, oropharynx, and mandible XXXJohn Joseph Coleman III and Anthony P. Tufaro

17

Carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract XXXMichael E. Kupferman, Justin M. Sacks, and Edward I. Chang

18

Local flaps for facial coverage XXXIan T. Jackson

19

Secondary facial reconstruction XXXJulian J. Pribaz and Rodney K. Chan

20

Facial transplant XXXLaurent Lantieri

21

Surgical management of migraine headaches XXXBahman Guyuron and Ali Totonchi

Part 2: Pediatric plastic surgery: Joseph E. Losee

Section I: Clefts

22

Embryology of the craniofacial complex XXXMaryam Afshar, Samantha A. Brugmann, and Jill A. Helms

23

Repair of unilateral cleft lip XXXPhilip Kuo-Ting Chen, M. Samuel Noordhoff, and Alex Kane

24

Repair of bilateral cleft lip XXXJohn B. Mulliken

25

Cleft palate XXXWilliam Y. Hoffman

26

Alveolar clefts XXXRichard A. Hopper

27

Orthodontics in cleft lip and palate management XXXAlvaro A. Figueroa and John W. Polley

28

Velopharyngeal dysfunction XXXRichard E. Kirschner and Adriane L. Baylis

29

Secondary deformities of the cleft lip, nose, and palate XXXEvan M. Feldman, John C. Koshy, Larry H. Hollier Jr., and Samuel Stal

30

Cleft and craniofacial orthognathic surgery XXXJesse A. Goldstein and Steven B. Baker

Section II: Craniofacial

31

Pediatric facial fractures XXXJoseph E. Losee and Darren M. Smith

32

Orbital hypertelorism XXXEric Arnaud, Daniel Marchac, Federico Di Rocco, and Dominique Renier

33

Craniofacial clefts XXXJames P. Bradley and Henry K. Kawamoto Jr.

34

Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis XXXDerek M. Steinbacher and Scott P. Bartlett

35

Syndromic craniosynostosis XXXJeffrey A. Fearon

36

Craniofacial microsomia XXXJoseph G. McCarthy, Barry H. Grayson, Richard A. Hopper, and Oren M. Tepper

37

Hemifacial atrophy XXXPeter J. Taub, Lester Silver, and Kathryn S.Torok

38

Pierre Robin sequence XXXChristopher G. Zochowski and Arun K. Gosain

39

Treacher–Collins syndrome XXXFernando Molina

Section III: Pediatrics

40

Congenital melanocytic nevi XXXBruce S. Bauer and Neta Adler

41

Pediatric chest and trunk defects XXXLawrence J. Gottlieb, Russell R. Reid, and Justine C. Lee

42

Pediatric tumors XXXSahil Kapur and Michael L. Bentz

43

Conjoined twins XXXOksana Jackson, David W. Low and Don LaRossa

44

Reconstruction of urogenital defects: Congenital XXXMohan S. Gundeti and Michael C. Large

Volume Four: Lower Extremity, Trunk and Burns

David Song

Section I: Lower Extremity Surgery

1

Comprehensive lower extremity anatomy XXXGinard I. Henry and Grant M. Kleiber

2

Management of lower extremity trauma XXXShannon Colohan and Michel Saint-Cyr

3

Lymphatic reconstruction of the extremities XXXRuediger G. H. Baumeister, David W. Chang, and Peter C. Neligan

4

Lower extremity sarcoma reconstruction XXXGoetz A.Giessler and Michael Sauerbier

5

Reconstructive surgery: Lower extremity coverage XXXJoon Pio Hong

6

Diagnosis and treatment of painful neuroma and of nerve compression in the lower extremity XXXA. Lee Dellon

7

Skeletal reconstruction XXXStephen J. Kovach and L. Scott Levin

8

Foot reconstruction XXXMark W. Clemens, Lawrence B. Colen, and Christopher E. Attinger

Section II: Trunk Surgery

9

Comprehensive trunk anatomy XXXMichael A. Howard and Sara R. Dickie

10

Reconstruction of the chest XXXDavid H. Song and Michelle C. Roughton

11

Reconstruction of the soft tissues of the back XXXGregory A. Dumanian

12

Abdominal wall reconstruction XXXNavin K. Singh, Marwan R. Khalifeh, and Jonathan Bank

13

Reconstruction of male genital defects XXXStan Monstrey, Peter Ceulemans, Nathalie Roche, Philippe Houtmeyers, Nicolas Lumen, and Piet Hoebeke

14

Reconstruction of acquired vaginal defects XXXLaura Snell, Peter G. Cordeiro, and Andrea L. Pusic

15

Surgery for gender identity disorder XXXLoren S. Schechter

16

Pressure sores XXXRobert Kwon and Jeffrey E. Janis

17

Perineal reconstruction XXXHakim K. Said and Otway Louie

Section III: Burns Surgery

18

Acute management of burn/electrical injuries XXXLars Steinstraesser and Sammy Al-Benna

19

Extremity burn reconstruction XXXLorenzo Borghese, Alessandro Masellis, and Michele Masellis

20

Cold and chemical injury to the upper extremity XXXDennis S. Kao and John Hijjawi

21

Management of facial burns XXXRobert J. Spence

22

Reconstructive burn surgery XXXMatthew B. Klein

23

Management of patients with exfoliative disorders, epidermolysis bullosa, and TEN XXXAbdullah E. Kattan, Robert C. Cartotto, and Joel S. Fish

Volume Five: Breast

James C. Grotting

1

Anatomy for plastic surgery of the breast XXXJorge I. de la Torre and Michael R. Davis

Section I: Cosmetic Surgery of the Breast

2 Breast augmentation XXXG. Patrick Maxwell and Allen Gabriel

3

Secondary breast augmentation XXXMitchell H. Brown

4

Current concepts in revisionary breast surgery XXXG. Patrick Maxwell and Allen Gabriel

5

Endoscopic approaches to the breast XXXNeil A. Fine and Clark F. Schierle

6

Iatrogenic disorders following breast surgery XXXWalter Peters

7

Mastopexy XXXKent K. Higdon and James C. Grotting

8.1

Reduction mammaplasty XXXJack Fisher and Kent K. Higdon

8.2

Inferior pedicle breast reduction XXXJack Fisher

8.3

Superior or medial pedicle XXXFrank Lista and Jamil Ahmad

8.4

Short scar periareolar inferior pedicle reduction (SPAIR) mammaplasty XXXDennis C. Hammond

8.5

The L short-scar mammaplasty XXXArmando Chiari Jr.

8.6

Periareolar technique with mesh support XXXJoao Carlos Sampaio Góes

8.7

Sculpted pillar vertical reduction mammaplasty XXXKent K. Higdon and James C. Grotting

9

Revision surgery following breast reduction and mastopexy XXXKenneth C. Shestak

Section II: Reconstructive Surgery of the Breast

10

Breast cancer: Diagnosis therapy and oncoplastic techniques XXXElisabeth Beahm and Julie E. Lang

11

The oncoplastic approach to partial breast reconstruction XXXAlbert Losken

12

Patient-centered health communication XXXGary L. Freed, Alice Andrews, and E. Dale Collins Vidal

13

Imaging in reconstructive breast surgery XXXJaume Masia, Carmen Navarro, and Juan A. Clavero

14

Expander-implants breast reconstruction XXXMaurizio B. Nava, Giuseppe Catanuto, Angela Pennati, Valentina Visintini Cividin, and Andrea Spano

15

Latissimus dorsi flap breast reconstruction XXXScott L. Spear and Mark W. Clemens

16

The bilateral pedicled TRAM flap XXXL. Franklyn Elliott, John D. Symbas, and Hunter R. Moyer

17

Free TRAM breast reconstruction XXXJoshua Fosnot and Joseph M. Serletti

18

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap XXXPhillip N. Blondeel, Colin M. Morrison, and Robert J. Allen

19

Alternative flaps for breast reconstruction XXXMaria M. LoTempio, Robert J. Allen, and Phillip N. Blondeel

20

Omentum reconstruction of the breast XXXJoao Carlos Sampaio Góes and Antonio Luiz Vasconcellos Macedo

21

Local flaps in partial breast reconstruction XXXMoustapha Hamdi and Eugenia J. Kyriopoulos

22

Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex XXXKetan M. Patel and Maurice Y. Nahabedian

23.1

Congenital anomalies of the breast XXXEgle Muti

23.2 Poland syndrome XXXPietro Berrino and Valeria Berrino

24

Contouring of the arms, breast, upper trunk, and male chest in the massive weight loss patient XXXJonathan W. Toy and J. Peter Rubin

25

Fat grafting to the breast XXXHenry Wilson and Scott L. Spear

Volume Six: Hand and Upper Extremity

James Chang

Introduction: Plastic surgery contributions to hand surgery xxxvii

James Chang

Section I: Introduction and Principles

1

Anatomy and biomechanics of the hand XXXJames Chang, Francisco Valero-Cuevas, Vincent R. Hentz, and Robert A. Chase

2

Examination of the upper extremity XXXRyosuke Kakinoki

3

Diagnostic imaging of the hand and wrist XXXAlphonsus K. Chong and David M.K. Tan

4

Anesthesia for upper extremity surgery XXXJonay Hill, Vanila M. Singh and Subhro K. Sen

5

Principles of internal fixation as applied to the hand and wrist XXXJeffrey Yao and Christopher Cox

Section II: Acquired Traumatic Disorders

6

Nail and fingertip reconstruction XXXMichael W. Neumeister, Elvin G. Zook, Nicole Z. Sommer, and Theresa A. Hegge

7

Hand fractures and joint injuries XXXWarren C. Hammert

8

Fractures and dislocations of the wrist and distal radius XXXKevin C. Chung and Steven C. Haase

9

Flexor tendon injury and reconstruction XXXJin Bo Tang

10

Extensor tendon injuries XXXKai Megerle and Günther Germann

11

Replantation and revascularization XXXWilliam W. Dzwierzynski

12

Reconstructive surgery of the mutilated hand XXXWilliam C. Pederson and Randolph Sherman

13

Thumb reconstruction: Nonmicrosurgical techniques XXXNicholas B. Vedder and Jeffrey B. Friedrich

14

Thumb and finger reconstruction: Microsurgical techniques XXXFu Chan Wei and Wee Leon Lam

Section III: Acquired Nontraumatic Disorders

15

Benign and malignant tumors of the hand XXXJustin M. Sacks, Kodi K. Azari, Scott Oates, and David W. Chang

16

Infections of the hand XXXSean M. Bidic and Tim Schaub

17

Management of Dupuytren’s disease XXXAndrew J. Watt and Caroline Leclercq

18

Occupational hand disorders XXXSteven J. McCabe

19

Rheumatologic conditions of the hand and wrist XXXDouglas M. Sammer and Kevin C. Chung

20

Osteoarthritis in the hand and wrist XXXBrian T. Carlsen, Karim Bakri, Faisal M. Al-Mufarrej and Steven L. Moran

21

The stiff hand and the spastic hand XXXDavid T. Netscher

22

Ischemia of the hand XXXHee Chang Ahn and Neil F. Jones

23

Complex regional pain syndrome in the upper extremity XXXIvica Ducic and John M. Felder III

24

Nerve entrapment syndromes XXXMichael Bezuhly, James P. O’Brien and Donald Lalonde

Section IV: Congenital Disorders

25

Congenital hand I: Embryology, classification, and principles XXXMichael Tonkin and Kerby Oberg

26

Congenital hand II: Disorders of formation (transverse and longitudinal arrest) XXXGill Smith and Paul Smith

27

Congenital hand III: Disorders of formation – thumb hypoplasia XXXJoseph Upton III and Amir Taghinia

28

Congenital hand IV: Disorders of differentiation and duplication XXXSteven E.R. Hovius

29

Congenital hand V: Disorders of overgrowth, undergrowth, and generalized skeletal deformities XXXLeung Kim Hung, Ping Chung Leung, and Takayuki Miura (Addendum by Michael Tonkin)

30

Growth considerations in pediatric upper extremity trauma and reconstruction XXXMarco Innocenti and Carla Baldrighi

31

Vascular anomalies of the upper extremity XXXJoseph Upton III

Section V: Paralytic Disorders

32

Peripheral nerve injuries of the upper extremity XXXSimon Farnebo, Johan Thorfinn, and Lars B. Dahlin

33

Nerve transfers XXXKirsty U. Boyd, Ida K. Fox, and Susan E. Mackinnon

34

Tendon transfers in the upper extremity XXXNeil F. Jones

35

Free-functioning muscle transfer in the upper extremity XXXIsaac Harvey and Gregory H. Borschel

36

Brachial plexus injuries: Adult and pediatric XXXDavid Chwei-Chin Chuang

37

Restoration of upper extremity function in tetraplegia XXXCatherine Curtin and Vincent R. Hentz

Section VI: Rehabilitation

38

Upper extremity composite allotransplantation XXXVijay S. Gorantla, Stefan S. Schneeberger, and W.P. Andrew Lee

39

Hand therapy XXXChristine B. Novak and Rebecca L. von der Heyde

40

Treatment of the upper extremity amputee XXXGregory A. Dumanian and Todd A. Kuiken

Index to all volumes iXXX–iXXX