Plant Virology

Preface

Reference

Preface of the Fourth Edition

About the Author

List of Abbreviations

Section I: Introduction

Chapter 1. Introduction

Summary

I Historical (reviewed by van der Want and Dijkstra, 2006)

II Definition of a Virus

III Viruses and Koch’s Postulates

IV This Edition

References

Chapter 2. Plant Viruses and Their Classification

Summary

I Classification of Viruses

II Criteria Used for Classifying Viruses

III Strains of Viruses

IV Criteria for the Recognition of Strains and Species

V Correlations Between Criteria for Characterizing Viruses and Virus Strains

VI Viruses of Gymnosperms, Pteridophytes, Algae, and Fungi

VII Plant Virus Purification

References

Chapter 3. Architecture and Assembly of Virus Particles

Summary

I Methods

II Architecture of Rod-Shaped Viruses

III Assembly of Rod-Shaped Viruses

IV Architecture of Isometric Viruses

V Small Icosahedral Viruses

VI More Complex Isometric Viruses

VII Enveloped Viruses

VIII Discussion

References

Chapter 4. Symptoms and Host Range

Summary

I Disease Symptoms and Host Range

II Economic Losses Due to Plant Viruses (reviewed by Waterworth and Hadidid, 1998; Strange and Scott, 2005)

III Macroscopic Symptoms

IV Histological Changes

V Cytological Effects

VI The Host Range of Viruses

VII Factors Influencing the Course of Infection and Disease

VIII Processes Involved in Symptom Induction

IX Influence of Other Agents on Symptom Production

References

Chapter 5. Agents Resembling or Altering Virus Diseases

Summary

I Viroids

II Satellite Viruses and Satellite RNAs (SatRNA)

References

Section II: Virus-Plant-Vector; Molecular Mechanisms and Interactions

Chapter 6. Genome Composition, Organization, and Expression

Summary

I Genome Composition and Organization

II Plant Viral Genome Organization

III Virus Entry and Uncoating

IV Plant Viral Genome Expression Strategies

V Strategies of Positive-Sense ssRNA Viruses

VI Negative-Sense Single- Stranded RNA Viruses (reviewed by Kormelink et al., 2011)

VII Double-Stranded RNA Viruses

VIII DNA Viruses

IX Discussion

References

Chapter 7. Replication of Plant Viruses

Summary

I Cellular Compartments Involved in Replication

II Methods for Studying Viral Replication

III Host Functions Used by Plant Viruses

IV Replication of Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses

V Replication of Negative-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses

VI Replication of Double-Stranded RNA Viruses

VII Replication of Reverse Transcribing Viruses

VIII Replication of Single-Stranded DNA Viruses

IX Mutation and Recombination

X Mixed Virus Assembly

XI Discussion

References

Chapter 8. Origins and Evolution of Plant Viruses

Summary

I Origins of Plant Viruses, Viroids, and Satellites

II Basics of Evolution of Plant Viruses

III Sources of Variation in Plant Viruses

IV Variation and Virus Evolution

V Selection Pressures for Evolution

VI Discussion and Summary

VII Coevolution of Viruses with Their Hosts and Vectors

VIII Evidence for Evolution of Viruses

IX General Discussion and Summary

References

Chapter 9. Virus–Plant Interactions: RNA Silencing

Summary

I Mechanism of RNA Silencing

II Plant Viruses and Silencing Pathways (reviewed by Csorba et al., 2009, Ding, 2010, and Zhu and Guo, 2012)

III Systemic Silencing (reviewed by Carr et al., 2010; Hyun et al., 2011; Parent et al., 2012)

IV Suppression of RNA Silencing

V Effects of Silencing and Suppression on Plant Virus Disease

VI Discussion

References

Chapter 10. Movement of Viruses Within Plants

Summary

I Virus Movement in Plants

II Cell-to-Cell Movement

III Intracellular Transport

IV Intercellular Transport

V Long-Distance Movement

VI Discussion

References

Chapter 11. Virus–Plant Interactions in Non-Permissive and Permissive Hosts

Summary

I Definitions and Terminology of Host Responses to Inoculation

II Resistance to Plant Viruses

III Dominant Resistance

IV Recessive Resistance (reviewed by Caranta and Dogimont, 2008; Truniger and Aranda, 2009; Le Gall et al., 2011)

V Steps in the Induction of Disease

VI Effects on Plant Metabolism

VII General Discussion

References

Chapter 12. Plant to Plant Movement

Summary

I Invertebrate Vectors

II Properties of Invertebrates Relating to Virus Transmission

III Virus–Vector Interactions—Arthropods

IV Virus–Vector Interactions—Nematodes

V Transmission of Viruses by Fungi and Protists (reviewed by Rochon et al., 2004)

VI Discussion and Summary of Transmission by Biological Vectors

VII Transmission by Direct Passage in Living Higher Plant Material

References

Section III: Applied Aspects

Chapter 13. Assay, Detection, and Diagnosis of Plant Viruses

Summary

I Methods Involving Biological Activities of the Virus

II Methods Depending on Physical Properties of the Virus Particle

III Methods Depending on Properties of Viral Proteins

IV Methods Involving Properties of the Viral Nucleic Acid

V Decision Making on Diagnosis

VI Discussion and Summary

References

Chapter 14. Ecology, Epidemiology, and Control of Plant Viruses

Summary

I Ecology and Epidemiology

II Aspects of Epidemiology

III Control of Plant Viruses by Avoidance and Vector Control (reviewed by Jones, 2006; Thresh, 2006b)

IV Control by Protecting the Plant from Systemic Disease

V Discussion

References

Chapter 15. Plant Viruses and Technology

Summary

I Transgenic Protection Against Plant Viruses

II Discussion and Conclusions on Transgenic Protection

III Uses of Plant Viruses in Plant Molecular Biology

IV Uses of Plant Viruses in Industry

References

Section IV: Plant Virus Viromics

Chapter 16. Plant Virus Viromics: Involvement of Genomes of Three Organisms—Virus, Host, and Vector

Summary

I Introduction

II The Virus

III The Host

IV The Vector

V Virus–Host Interactions

VI Virus–Vector and Vector–Host Interactions

VII Virus–Vector–Host Interactions

References

Appendix A. Profiles of Families and Genera of Plant Viruses

Family: Geminiviridae

Family: Nanoviridae

Family: Caulimoviridae

Family: Metaviridae

Family: Pseudoviridae

Family: Endornaviridae

Family: Partitiviridae

Family: Reoviridae

Family: Rhabdoviridae

Family: Bunyaviridae

Order: Picornavirales Family: Secoviridae

Family: Secoviridae: Other Genera

Order: Tymovirales Family: Alphaflexiviridae

Family: Betaflexiviridae

Family: Tymoviridae

Family: Bromoviridae

Family: Closteroviridae

Family: Luteoviridae

Family: Potyviridae

Family: Tombusviridae

Family: Virgaviridae

Family: Unassigned

Appendix B. Plant Virus Biological Properties

Appendix C. Plant Virus Genomes

Appendix D. List of Plant Virus Names in Alphabetical Order and Their Abbreviations That Are Used in the Ninth ICTV Report

Index