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Pilbeam's Mechanical Ventilation
Physiological and Clinical Applications
- 8th Edition - June 13, 2023
- Author: James M. Cairo
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 1 6 4 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 1 6 5 - 5
**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Respiratory Therapy**Ensure you understand one of the most sophisticated areas of respiratory care with Pilbeam's Mechanical… Read more
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Request a sales quote**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Respiratory Therapy**
Ensure you understand one of the most sophisticated areas of respiratory care with Pilbeam's Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications, 8th Edition! Known for its simple explanations and in-depth coverage of patient-ventilator management, this evidence-based text walks you through the most fundamental and advanced concepts surrounding mechanical ventilation and helps you understand how to properly apply these principles to patient care. This new edition is an excellent reference for all critical care practitioners and features coverage of the physiological effects of mechanical ventilation on different cross-sections of the population. Additionally, user-friendly features promote critical thinking and clinical application, such as key points, AARC clinical practice guidelines, critical care concepts, and updated learning objectives.
- UNIQUE! Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia chapter presents in-depth, comprehensive coverage on this very challenging issue.
- Critical Care Concepts present short questions that challenge you to apply knowledge learned to difficult concepts.
- Brief patient case studies list pertinent assessment data and pose a critical thinking question to test your content comprehension.
- Key Points draw attention to pivotal concepts and highlight important information as topics are addressed.
- Intended for classroom or small group discussions, Clinical Scenarios offer a more comprehensive patient scenario that covers patient presentation, assessment data, and treatment options.
- Logical sequencing of chapters builds on previously learned concepts.
- Comprehensive Learning Objectives provide a clear, concise listing of what you need to learn in the chapter.
- Bulleted end-of-chapter summaries help assess comprehension and guide study efforts.
- Excerpts of Clinical Practice Guidelines developed by the American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) are presented in a convenient, reader-friendly format.
- Chapter outlines provide a "big picture" of the chapter content.
- NBRC-style end-of-chapter review questions reinforce the very difficult concept of mechanical ventilation with practice that focuses on certification exam success.
- Glossary of mechanical ventilation terminology provides definitions for highlighted key terms in each chapter.
Respiratory therapy students in two- & four-year programs
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1. Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
- Physiological Terms and Concepts Related to Mechanical Ventilation
- Normal Mechanics of Spontaneous Ventilation
- Lung Characteristics
- Time Constants
- Types of Ventilators and Terms Used in Mechanical Ventilation
- Types of Mechanical Ventilation
- Definition of Pressures in Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Summary
- Chapter 2. How Ventilators Work
- Historical Perspective on Ventilator Classification
- Internal Function
- Power Source or Input Power
- Control Systems and Circuits
- Power Transmission and Conversion System
- Summary
- Chapter 3. How a Breath Is Delivered
- Basic Model of Ventilation in the Lung During Inspiration
- Factors Controlled and Measured During Inspiration
- Overview of Inspiratory Waveform Control
- Phases of a Breath and Phase Variables
- Types of Breaths
- Summary
- Chapter 4. Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation
- Acute Respiratory Failure
- Patient History and Diagnosis
- Physiological Measurements in Acute Respiratory Failure
- Overview of Criteria for Mechanical Ventilation
- Possible Alternatives to Invasive Ventilation
- Summary
- Chapter 5. Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode
- Noninvasive and Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation: Selecting the Patient Interface
- Full and Partial Ventilatory Support
- Breath Delivery and Modes of Ventilation
- Modes of Ventilation
- Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
- Additional Modes of Ventilation
- Summary
- Chapter 6. Initial Ventilator Settings
- Determining Initial Ventilator Settings During Volume-Controlled Ventilation
- Initial Settings During Volume-Controlled Ventilation
- Setting the Minute Ventilation: Special Considerations
- Inspiratory Pause During Volume Ventilation
- Determining Initial Ventilator Settings During Pressure Ventilation
- Setting Baseline Pressure: Physiological Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
- Summary
- Chapter 7. Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup
- Selection of Additional Parameters and Final Ventilator Setup
- Sensitivity Setting
- Alarms
- Periodic Hyperinflation or Sighing
- Final Considerations in Ventilator Equipment Setup
- Selecting the Appropriate Ventilator
- Evaluation of Ventilator Performance
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Asthma
- Neuromuscular Disorders
- Closed Head Injury
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Congestive Heart Failure
- Summary
- Chapter 8. Initial Patient Assessment
- Documentation of the Patient-Ventilator System
- The First 30 Minutes
- Monitoring Airway Pressures
- Vital Signs, Blood Pressure, and Physical Examination of the Chest
- Management of Endotracheal Tube and Tracheostomy Tube Cuffs
- Monitoring Compliance and Airway Resistance
- Comment Section of the Ventilator Flow Sheet
- Summary
- Chapter 9. Ventilator Graphics
- Relationship of Flow, Pressure, Volume, and Time
- A Closer Look at Scalars, Curves, and Loops
- Using Graphics to Monitor Pulmonary Mechanics
- Assessing Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony
- Advanced Applications
- Summary
- Chapter 10. Assessment of Respiratory Function
- Noninvasive Measurements of Blood Gases
- Capnography (Capnometry)
- Exhaled Nitric Oxide Monitoring
- Transcutaneous Monitoring
- Indirect Calorimetry and Metabolic Measurements
- Assessment of Respiratory System Mechanics
- Measurements
- Summary
- Chapter 11. Hemodynamic Monitoring
- Review of Cardiovascular Principles
- Obtaining Hemodynamic Measurements
- Interpretation of Hemodynamic Profiles
- Clinical Applications
- Summary
- Chapter 12. Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management
- Correcting Ventilation Abnormalities
- Common Methods of Changing Ventilation Based on Paco2 and pH
- Secretion Clearance From an Artificial Airway
- Administering Aerosols to Ventilated Patients
- Types of Aerosol-Generating Devices
- Postural Drainage and Chest Percussion
- Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy
- Additional Patient Management Techniques and Therapies in Ventilated Patients
- Fluid Balance
- Psychological and Sleep Status
- Patient Safety and Comfort
- Transport of Mechanically Ventilated Patients Within an Acute Care Facility
- Summary
- Chapter 13. Improving Oxygenation and Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Basics of Oxygenation Using FIO2, PEEP Studies, and Pressure-Volume Curves for Establishing Optimal PEEP
- Introduction to Positive End-Expiratory Pressure and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
- PEEP Ranges
- Indications for PEEP and CPAP
- Initiating PEEP Therapy
- Selecting the Appropriate PEEP/CPAP Level (Optimal PEEP)
- Use of Pulmonary Vascular Pressure Monitoring with PEEP
- Contraindications and Physiological Effects of PEEP
- Weaning From PEEP
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Changes in Computed Tomogram with ARDS
- ARDS as an Inflammatory Process
- PEEP and the Vertical Gradient in ARDS
- Lung-Protective Strategies: Setting Tidal Volume and Pressures in ARDS
- Long-Term Follow-Up on ARDS
- Pressure-Volume Loops and Recruitment Maneuvers in Setting PEEP in ARDS
- Summary of Recruitment Maneuvers in ARDS
- Importance of Body Position During Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Additional Patient Cases
- Summary
- Chapter 14. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- Diagnosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- Strategies to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- Summary
- Chapter 15. Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics
- Sedatives and Analgesics
- Summary
- Chapter 16. Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation
- Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Heart and Thoracic Vessels
- Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Factors Influencing Cardiovascular Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Beneficial Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on Heart Function in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- Minimizing the Physiological Effects and Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
- Effects of Mechanical Ventilation on Intracranial Pressure, Renal Function, Liver Function, and Gastrointestinal Function
- Renal Effects of Mechanical Ventilation
- Effects of Mechanical Ventilation on Liver and Gastrointestinal Function
- Nutritional Complications During Mechanical Ventilation
- Summary
- Chapter 17. Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System
- Lung Injury With Mechanical Ventilation
- Effects of Mechanical Ventilation on Gas Distribution and Pulmonary Blood Flow
- Respiratory and Metabolic Acid-Base Status in Mechanical Ventilation
- Air Trapping (Auto-PEEP)
- Hazards of Oxygen Therapy With Mechanical Ventilation
- Increased Work of Breathing
- Ventilator Mechanical and Operational Hazards
- Complications of the Artificial Airway
- Summary
- Chapter 18. Troubleshooting and Problem Solving
- Definition of the Term Problem
- Protecting the Patient
- Identifying the Patient in Sudden Distress
- Patient-Related Problems
- Ventilator-Related Problems
- Common Alarm Situations
- Use of Graphics to Identify Ventilator Problems
- Unexpected Ventilator Responses
- Summary
- Chapter 19. Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Types of Noninvasive Ventilation Techniques
- Goals of and Indications for Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Other Indications for Noninvasive Ventilation
- Patient Selection Criteria
- Equipment Selection for Noninvasive Ventilation
- Setup and Preparation for Noninvasive Ventilation
- Monitoring and Adjustment of Noninvasive Ventilation
- Aerosol Delivery in Noninvasive Ventilation
- Complications of Noninvasive Ventilation
- Discontinuing Noninvasive Ventilation
- Patient Care Team Concerns
- Summary
- Chapter 20. Weaning From and Discontinuation of Mechanical Ventilation
- Weaning Techniques
- Methods of Titrating Ventilator Support During Weaning
- Closed-Loop Control Modes for Ventilator Discontinuation
- Evidence-Based Weaning
- Evaluation of Clinical Criteria for Weaning
- Factors in Weaning Failure
- Nonrespiratory Factors That May Complicate Weaning
- Final Recommendations
- American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline: Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation
- Ethical Dilemma: Withholding and Withdrawing Ventilatory Support
- Summary
- Chapter 21. Long-Term Ventilation
- Goals of Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation
- Sites for Ventilator-Dependent Patients
- Patient Selection
- Preparation for Discharge to the Home
- Follow-Up and Evaluation
- Equipment Selection for Home Ventilation
- Complications of Long-Term Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Alternatives to Invasive Mechanical Ventilation at Home
- Expiratory Muscle AIDS and Secretion Clearance
- Tracheostomy Tubes, Speaking Valves, and Tracheal Buttons
- Ancillary Equipment and Equipment Cleaning for Home Mechanical Ventilation
- Summary
- Chapter 22. Neonatal and Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation
- Recognizing the Need for Mechanical Ventilatory Support
- Goals of Newborn and Pediatric Ventilatory Support
- Noninvasive Respiratory Support
- Conventional Mechanical Ventilation
- High-Frequency Ventilation
- Weaning and Extubation
- Adjunctive Forms of Respiratory Support
- Summary
- Chapter 23. Special Techniques Used in Ventilatory Support
- Airway Pressure Release Ventilation
- Other Names
- Advantages of Airway Pressure Release Compared with Conventional Ventilation
- Disadvantages
- Initial Settings21,32,33
- Adjusting Ventilation and Oxygenation21,32,33
- Discontinuation
- High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in the Adult
- Technical Aspects
- Initial Control Settings
- Indication and Exclusion Criteria
- Monitoring, Assessment, and Adjustment
- Adjusting Settings to Maintain Arterial Blood Gas Goals
- Returning to Conventional Ventilation
- Heliox Therapy and Mechanical Ventilation
- Gas Flow Through the Airways
- Heliox in Avoiding Intubation and During Mechanical Ventilation
- Postextubation Stridor
- Devices for Delivering Heliox in Spontaneously Breathing Patients
- Manufactured Heliox Delivery System
- Heliox and Aerosol Delivery During Mechanical Ventilation
- Monitoring the Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm and Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist
- Review of Neural Control of Ventilation
- Diaphragm Electrical Activity Monitoring
- Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist
- Summary
- Appendix A. Answer Key
- Appendix B. Review of Abnormal Physiological Processes
- Appendix C. Graphics Exercises
- Glossary
- Index
- No. of pages: 553
- Language: English
- Edition: 8
- Published: June 13, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323871648
- eBook ISBN: 9780323871655
JC
James M. Cairo
Affiliations and expertise
Dean of the School of Allied Health Professions, Professor of Cardiopulmonary Science, Physiology, and Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana