Pigment—Protein Complexes in Plastids

Contributors

Preface


1 The Chloroplast as Site of Chlorophyll Formation and Photosynthesis: A Short History

I. Introduction

II. The Chloroplast as an Organelle

III. The Chloroplast as Site for Photosynthetic Pigments

IV. The Chloroplast as Site for Photosynthesis

V. Concluding Remarks

References


2 Plastid Ultrastructure and Development

I. Introduction

II. Common Plastid Features

III. Plastid Types and Development

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


3 Light and Temperature Regulation of Chloroplast Development

I. Introduction

II. Chloroplast Pigments

III. Pigment-Protein Complexes

IV. Light-Regulated Development

V. Light Effects on Transcription and Translation

VI. Case Study: Regulation of LHCPII

VII. Temperature Effects on Chloroplast Development

VIII. Concluding Remarks

References


4 Biosynthesis of the Chlorophyll Chromophore of Pigmented Thylakoid Proteins

I. Introduction

II. Early Stages of Chlorophyll Synthesis: The Pathway to Protoporphyrin IX

III. Later Stages of Chlorophyll Synthesis: The Magnesium Branch

References


5 Protochlorophyllide Reductase: A Key Enzyme in the Greening Process

I. Introduction

II. Light Regulation of Protochlorophyllide Reductase

III. Pigment-Enzyme Complex

IV. Enzyme Activity of Protochlorophyllide Reductase

V. Cloning of Protochlorophyllide Reductase Genes and Primary Structure of Enzyme Protein

VI. Active Site and Membrane Association of Protochlorophyllide Reductase

VII. Concluding Remarks

References


6 Esterification of Chlorophyllide and Its Implication for Thylakoid Development

I. Introduction

II. Detection and Characterization of Chlorophyll Synthetase Activity

III. Hydrogenation of Geranylgeranyl Derivatives

IV. Translation of Plastid-Encoded Chlorophyll a Apoproteins and Chlorophyll Synthetase Reaction

V. Influence of Metal Chelators and 5-Aminolevulinate on Chlorophyll Synthetase of Developing Plastids

VI. Concluding Remarks

References


7 Chloroplast Lipids and the Assembly of Membranes

I. Introduction

II. Plastici Lipids and Localization of Biosynthesis

III. Heterogeneity of Lipids in Inner Plastid Membranes

IV. Specific Interactions Between Thylakoid Lipids and Chlorophyll Protein Complexes in Photosystem II

V. Assembly of Prolamellar Body Membranes

References


8 Regulation, Synthesis, and Integration of Chloroplast- and Nuclear-Encoded Proteins

I. Introduction

II. Chloroplast-Encoded Chlorophyll Apoproteins

III. Nuclear-Encoded Chlorophyll-Binding Proteins

IV. Coordination of Nuclear and Plastid Gene Expression

V. Concluding Remarks

References


9 Import and Routing of Chloroplast Proteins

I. Introduction

II. Chloroplast Targeting Signals

III. Chloroplast Envelope Translocation

IV. Intraorganelle Routing

References


10 Assembly and Reconstitution of Chlorophyll a/b-Containing Complexes

I. Introduction

II. Chlorophyll a/b-Containing Complexes and Apoproteins

III. Assembly of Light Harvesting Complex II

IV. Reconstitutions

V. Concluding Remarks

References


11 Photosynthetic Activities During Early Assembly of Thylakoid Membranes

I. Introduction

II. Time Course of Development of Photosynthetic Activities After Single Turnover of Protochlorophyllide Reductase

III. Spectral Changes of Chlorophyll(ide) in Relation to Formation of Photosystems

IV. Synthesis of Chlorophyll a-Binding Polypeptides Induced by Short Illumination

V. Concluding Remarks

References


12 Structure, Function, and Assembly of Photosystem I

I. Introduction

II. Structural and Functional Characterization of Photosystem I

III. Assembly of Photosystem I

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


13 Function and Organization of Photosystem II

I. Introduction

II. Function of Photosystem II

III. Structural Organization of Photosystem II

IV. Photoinhibition and Turnover of Photosystem II Components

V. Dynamic Changes and Photosystem II Heterogeneity

VI. Concluding Remarks

References


14 Carotenoids in Chloroplast Pigment-Protein Complexes

I. Introduction

II. Occurrence and Distribution of Carotenoids

III. Location of Carotenoids in Pigment-Protein Complexes

IV. Functions of Carotenoids in Pigment-Protein Complexes

V. Biosynthesis of Carotenoids

VI. Carotenoid Biosynthesis as Part of Chloroplast Development

VII. Concluding Remarks

Appendix

References


15 Molecular Biology of Chromoplast Development

I. Introduction

II. Chromoplasts: Ultrastructure, Chemistry, and Function

III. Genes Affecting Chromoplasts

IV. Chromoplast DNA

V. Chromoplast Proteins

VI. Chromoplasts and Leucoplasts: Importance of Not Being Green

VII. Conclusions and Prospects

References

Index