Phytonutrients and Neurological Disorders

Therapeutic and Toxicological Aspects

1st Edition - July 1, 2023
Editors: Haroon Khan, Michael Aschner, Hamed Mirzaei
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 4 6 7 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 9 7 8 - 3

Phytonutrients and Neurological Disorders: Therapeutic and Toxicological Aspects provides and assesses the latest research and developments surrounding the use of phyton… Read more

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Phytonutrients and Neurological Disorders: Therapeutic and Toxicological Aspects provides and assesses the latest research and developments surrounding the use of phytonutrients for the treatment of neurological disorders. The volume analyzes advances in phytonutrient isolation, characterization and therapeutic applications, giving particular emphasis to mechanisms and safety profiles. The book takes toxicological considerations into account, including adverse drug reactions, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Sections cover bioactive compound classes and biosynthesis pathways, general considerations, including quality control, standardization, and technology, and toxicology. This title is a comprehensive work on the latest research in phytonutrients and neurological disorders that will be useful to researchers and medical practitioners.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Part A
Section 1. General considerations
Chapter 1. Latest developments in quality control parameters/specifications in phytonutrients studies
1. Introduction
2. Need of quality control for phytonutrients
3. Quality control parameters-synthetic versus phytonutrients
4. Modern quality control tools
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion
Chapter 2. Phytonutrients standardization for effective therapeutic outcomes
1. Introduction
2. An overview of phytonutrients in metabolic disorders
3. Phytonutrients as safe therapeutic moieties
4. Standardization and quality control of phytonutrients
5. Limitations and challenges in the standardization of phytonutrients
6. Future prospects
7. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Phytonutrients and technological development in formulations
1. Phytonutrients: an introduction
2. Scientific breakthroughs that are novel in the development of phytomedicine-based delivery systems
3. Solid lipid nanoparticle delivery through nanostructures
4. Liquid crystals
5. Polymeric nanoparticles
6. Natural polymers
7. Synthetic polymers
8. Advantages of polymeric nanoparticles
9. Liposomes and phytosomes
10. Microemulsions
11. Solid dispersions
12. Drug delivery methods based on nano emulsions and self-nanoemulsifying systems
13. Polymeric and lipid micelles
14. Dendrimers
15. Magnetic nanoparticles
16. Innovative phyto-medication delivery for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders
17. Phytomedicines with novel medication delivery for neurological illnesses
18. New methods of delivering phyto-medications for the treatment of cancer
19. New methods of delivering phytomedicines for viral infections
20. Future outlook and summary
Chapter 4. Biosynthesis of phytonutrients
1. Classification of phytonutrients
2. Phenolic compounds
3. Terpenoids
4. Alkaloids
Chapter 5. Current therapies for neurological disorders and their limitations
1. Introduction
2. Stroke
3. Alzheimer's disease
4. Parkinson's disease
5. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
6. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
7. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
8. Other neurological disorders
9. Limitation and challenges
10. Concluding remarks
Section 2. Bioactive compound classes and biosynthesis pathway
Chapter 6. Neuroprotective effects of flavonoids
1. Introduction
2. Classification of flavonoids
3. Protective effect of flavonoids on the neurological disorders
4. Conclusion
Chapter 7. Neuroprotective effects of glycosides
1. Introduction
2. Classification of glycosides
3. Glycosides and Alzheimer's disease
4. Glycosides and Parkinson's disease
5. Glycosides and ALS
6. Glycosides and stroke
7. Glycosides and multiple sclerosis
8. Conclusion
Chapter 8. Neuroprotective effect of terpenoids
1. Introduction
2. Chemistry of terpenoids
3. Sources of terpeniods
4. Effect of terpenoids on neurological disorders
5. Clinical and future prospects
6. Conclusion
Chapter 9. Neuroprotective effects of alkaloids
1. Introduction
2. Classification of alkaloids
3. Alkaloids as neuroprotective mediators
4. Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 10. Neuroprotective effects of saponins on neurodegenerative diseases
1. Introduction
2. Saponins
3. Neurodegenerative diseases
4. Therapeutic effects of saponins in neurodegenerative diseases
5. Neuroprotective mechanisms of saponins
6. Saponins-mediated regeneration of neural networks
7. Conclusion
Abbreviations
Chapter 11. Neuroprotective effects of steroids
1. Introduction
2. Neurodegenerative disease: current viewpoint
3. Herbals in brain health
4. Natural phytoconstituents and neuroprotection
5. Sterols as potential therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative illnesses
6. Issues about phytosterols' safety
7. Dietary phytosterols and their risk factors
8. Conclusions and future directions
Chapter 12. Neuroprotective effect of essential oils
1. Introduction
2. Chemistry of essential oils
3. Sources of essential oils
4. Essential oils from phytonutrients
5. Effect of essential oils (EOs) on neurological disorders
6. Discussion and future prospects
7. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Neuroprotective effects of phytonutrients at gene level
1. Introduction
2. An insight to phytochemicals
3. An overview of neurodegenerative disorders
4. Neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals at gene level
5. Conclusion
Part B
Section 3. Toxicological considerations in phytonutrients
Chapter 14. Phytonutrients: adverse drug reactions
1. Introduction
2. Toxic effects of phytonutrients
3. Effect of irrigation system and pollution on the phytonutrients
4. Adverse drug reactions of various phytonutrients
5. Various phytonutrients and their adverse effects
6. How to control adverse reactions of phytonutrients?
7. Future suggestions
Chapter 15. Toxicokinetics of phytonutrients
1. Introduction
2. Toxicokinetics models
3. Computational models in toxicological
4. Physiological-based toxicokinetic models
5. Dose-dependent models
6. Relationship of structure–activity
7. Three-dimensional simulation of chemical–objective relationships and metabolic destiny
8. Computational techniques used in “omics”
9. Toxicokinetics of phytochemicals
10. Matrix-derived influence
11. In vitro and in vivo methods for studying toxicokinetics of phytochemicals
12. Conclusion and future opportunities
Chapter 16. Toxicodynamics of phytonutrients
1. Introduction
2. Role of environmental factors in biosynthesis and accumulation of toxic phytochemical
3. Phytonutrients and toxicodynamics
4. Conclusion
Index

Haroon Khan

Prof. Dr. Haroon Khan has obtained the degree of B. Pharm (1999), M. Phil (2005), and PhD (2011) from the Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar. He started his career as a lecturer from the Gandhara College of Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar and currently, Professor of Pharmacy at the Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. He has more than seventeen years of experience in pharmacy teaching, research and professional expertise in various fields of pharmaceutical sciences. Dr. Khan has 162 publications, including research, review, and editorial in various national and international reputable journals with considerable impact factor while several others are submitted or in the process of submission. His research focus is phytomedicines including phytopharmacological and phytochemical investigations of extracts/isolated compounds in collaboration with numerous national and international research groups. The scientific contribution of Dr. Khan has been acknowledged by the Pakistan Council for Science and Pakistan Council for Science and Technology (PCST) and awarded Research Productivity four times 2011-2014. He has also published three books with LAMBERT Academic publishers, Germany and four chapters. He is also the editorial board member of various international journals. Additionally, he is supervising many post-graduate scholars in various research projects.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Pakistan

Michael Aschner

Dr. Aschner serves as the Harold and Muriel Block Chair in Molecular Pharmacology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He served on numerous toxicology panels (Institute of Medicine, US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Disease Control), and is a member of the Neurotoxicology and Alcohol study section (NIH). Research in our lab focuses on the following topics: (1) Modulation of C. elegans genes (aat, skn-1, daf-16) that are homologous to mammalian regulators of MeHg uptake and cellular resistance will modify dopaminergic neurodegeneration in response to MeHg exposure. (2) Under conditions of MeHg-induced oxidative stress, Nrf2 (a master regulator of antioxidant responses) coordinates the upregulation of cytoprotective genes that combat MeHg-induced oxidative injury, and that genetic and biochemical changes that negatively impact upon Nrf2 function increase MeHg’s neurotoxicity. (3) PARK2, a strong PD genetic risk factor, alters neuronal vulnerability to modifiers of cellular Mn status, particularly at the level of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Our studies are designed to (1) shed novel mechanistic insight into metal-induced neurodegeneration; (2) identify targets for genetic or pharmacologic modulation of neurodegenerative disorders; (3) increase knowledge of the pathway involved in oxidative stress; (4) develop improved research models for human disease using knowledge of environmental sciences.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA

Hamed Mirzaei

Hamed Mirzaei is a Professor at the Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran