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Physics in the Modern World

1st Edition - January 1, 1976

Author: Jerry Marion

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 5 3 1 - 2

Physics in the Modern World focuses on the applications of physics in a world dominated by technology and the many ways that physical ideas are manifest in everyday situations,… Read more

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Physics in the Modern World focuses on the applications of physics in a world dominated by technology and the many ways that physical ideas are manifest in everyday situations, from the operation of rockets and cameras to space travel and X-ray photography. Automobile air bags, drag racing, artificial gravity, and pollution control, as well as appliance economics, musical instruments, radar, and other modern phenomena and devices are discussed to emphasize the way that physical principles are applied in today's world. Comprised of 21 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to physical ideas, with particular reference to some of the rules by which nature governs the microscopic (or small-scale) world of atoms and the macroscopic (or large-scale) realm of everyday objects, the Earth, planets, and stars. The discussion then turns to the microworld of physics and its fundamental building blocks - electrons, protons, and neutrons - and how they combine to form atoms, molecules, and nuclei. Subsequent chapters explore motion, heat, wave, and energy, as well as the basic forces in nature. Electricity, relativity, liquids and gases, and radiation are also discussed. This monograph is intended for physics students who are specializing in other disciplines.

Preface1 Introduction to Physical Ideas Describing and Measuring Things Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises2 The Microworld of Physics 2-1 Basic Units of Matter 2-2 The Nuclear Atom 2-3 The Composition of Nuclei 2-4 Elementary Particles 2-5 Matter in Bulk Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises3 Motion 3-1 Average Speed 3-2 Graphical Representation of Speed 3-3 Acceleration 3-4 Accelerated Motion 3-5 Free Fall 3-6 Vectors 3-7 Motion in Two Dimensions Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises4 Force 4-1 Force and Inertia 4-2 Dynamics 4-3 Action and Reaction 4-4 Statics 4-5 Friction Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises5 Linear Momentum, Torque, and Angular Momentum 5-1 Linear Momentum 5-2 Torque 5-3 Center of Mass 5-4 Angular Momentum Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises6 The Basic Forces in Nature 6-1 Types of Forces 6-2 Planetary Motion 6-3 Universal Gravitation 6-4 Space Travel 6-5 The Electrical Force 6-6 The Nuclear and Weak Forces Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises7 Energy 7-1 Work 7-2 Work Done Against Various Forces 7-3 Power 7-4 Kinetic and Potential Energy Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises8 Energy in Today's World 8-1 How Much Energy Do We Use? 8-2 Water Power 8-3 Fossil Fuels 8-4 Nuclear Energy 8-5 Secondary Energy Sources 8-6 The Storage of Energy 8-7 Energy and the Environment Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises9 Heat 9-1 Thermal Energy 9-2 Thermal Effects on Size 9-3 Heat Calculations 9-4 Heat Transfer Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises10 Liquids and Gases 10-1 Pressure 10-2 Buoyancy 10-3 The Gas Laws 10-4 Kinetic Theory 10-5 Changes of State Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises11 Electricity 11-1 Electrons, Ions, and Current 11-2 Voltage, Work, and Power 11-3 Electrical Resistance 11-4 Electric Circuits 11-5 Electric Currents in Solutions 11-6 Atmospheric Electricity Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises12 Electric and Magnetic Fields 12-1 The Electric Field 12-2 The Electron Charge and the Electron Volt 12-3 Magnetism and the Earth's Magnetic Field 12-4 The Motion of Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields 12-5 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents 12-6 Fields That Vary with Time Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises13 Waves 13-1 Wave Pulses on Springs and Strings 13-2 Traveling Waves 13-3 Standing Waves 13-4 Sound 13-5 Refraction, Diffraction, and Interference Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises14 Electromagnetic Radiation 14-1 Producing Electromagnetic Waves 14-2 Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 14-3 Polarization 14-4 Photons Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises15 Light 15-1 Basic Features of Light and Light Sources 15-2 Lenses 15-3 Optical Instruments 15-4 Color and Spectra 15-5 Light and Vision Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises16 Relativity 16-1 The Basis of Relativity 16-2 The Velocity of Light 16-3 Relativistic Effects on Time and Length 16-4 Mass and Energy 16-5 The General Theory Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises17 Electrons and Photons 17-1 The Photoelectric Effect 17-2 The Wave Nature of Particles 17-3 Quantum Theory Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises18 The Modern View of Atoms 18-1 The Hydrogen Atom 18-2 Quantum Theory of the Hydrogen Atom 18-3 Complex Atoms and the Periodic Table 18-4 X Rays 18-5 Lasers Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises19 The Structure of Matter 19-1 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Crystals 19-2 Covalent Bonds and Covalent Crystals 19-3 Hydrogen Bonds 19-4 Semiconductors 19-5 Superconductors Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises20 Nuclei and Nuclear Power 20-1 Radioactivity 20-2 Nuclear Masses 20-3 Nuclear Reactions 20-4 Nuclear Fission 20-5 Nuclear Reactors 20-6 Nuclear Fusion 20-7 Nuclear Reactions in the Sun Suggested Readings Questions and Exercises21 Radiation-Effects and Uses 21-1 Radiation and Radiation Effects 21-2 Radiation Techniques in Various Fields 21-3 Biological Effects of Radiation 21-4 Biological and Medical Uses of Radiation Suggested Readings Questions and ExercisesAppendix Essential Definitions of TrigonometryAnswers to Odd-Numbered Numerical ExercisesGlossaryIndex