Physics for Students of Science and Engineering

Physics for Students of Science and Engineering is a calculus-based textbook of introductory physics. The book reviews standards and nomenclature such as units, vectors, and particle kinetics including rectilinear motion, motion in a plane, relative motion. The text also explains particle dynamics, Newton's three laws, weight, mass, and the application of Newton's laws. The text reviews the principle of conservation of energy, the conservative forces (momentum), the nonconservative forces (friction), and the fundamental quantities of momentum (mass and velocity). The book examines changes in momentum known as impulse, as well as the laws in momentum conservation in relation to explosions, collisions, or other interactions within systems involving more than one particle. The book considers the mechanics of fluids, particularly fluid statics, fluid dynamics, the characteristics of fluid flow, and applications of fluid mechanics. The text also reviews the wave-particle duality, the uncertainty principle, the probabilistic interpretation of microscopic particles (such as electrons), and quantum theory. The book is an ideal source of reference for students and professors of physics, calculus, or related courses in science or engineering.

Preface1 Introduction 1.1 Physics and the Scientific Method 1.2 Units Standards and Nomenclature Conversion of Units 1.3 Vectors Vector and Scalar Quantitie Vector Addition and Subtraction in Polar Form Vector Multiplication Rectangular Components of Vectors Vector Operations in Component Notation 1.4 Problem-Solving: A Strategy2 Particle Kinematics 2.1 Motion Along a Straight Line (Rectilinear Motion) Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Constant Acceleration in Rectilinear Motion Free-Fail 2.2 Motion in a Plane Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Projectile Motion Uniform Circular Motion 2.3 Relative Motion 2.4 Problem-Solving Summary3 Force and Motion: Particle Dynamics 3.1 Newton's First Law 3.2 Newton's Second Law 3.3 Newton's Third Law 3.4 Weight and Mass 3.5 Applications of Newton's Laws 3.6 Problem-Solving Summary4 Further Applications of Newton's Laws 4.1 Friction 4.2 Dynamics of Circular Motion 4.3 Law of Universal Gravitation 4.4 Static Equilibrium Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Center of Gravity The Conditions of Static Equilibrium 4.5 Problem-Solving Summary5 Work, Power, and Energy 5.1 Work Work by a Constant Force Work by a Variable Force Work by an Arbitrary Force 5.2 Power 5.3 Energy Kinetic Energy The Work-Energy Principle Potential Energy 5.4 Conservation of Energy 5.5 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces 5.6 Problem-Solving Summary6 Momentum and Collisions 6.1 Center of Mass 6.2 Conservation of Linear Momentum 6.3 Collisions Impulse Classifying Collisions Energetically Collisions in One Dimension Collisions in Two Dimensions 6.4 Problem-Solving Summary7 Rotational Motion 7.1 Rotation About a Fixed Axis Rotational Kinematics Rotational Energy and Moment of Inertia Angular Momentum Rotational Dynamics 7.2 Simultaneous Translation and Rotation 7.3 Conservation of Angular Momentum 7.4 Problem-Solving Summary8 Oscillations 8.1 Simple Harmonic Motion Kinematics of Simple Harmonic Motion Dynamics of Simple Harmonic Motion Energetics of Simple Harmonic Motion 8.2 Damped and Forced Oscillations Damped Oscillations Forced Oscillations: Resonance 8.3 Problem-Solving Summary9 Mechanics of Fluids 9.1 The Fluid State 9.2 Fluid Statics Fluid Pressure Archimedes' Principle Pascal's Law 9.3 Fluid Dynamics Equation of Continuity and Bernoulli's Equation Applications of Fluid Dynamics 9.4 Problem-Solving Summary10 Heat and Thermodynamics 10.1 Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature Temperature Scales Thermal Expansion 10.2 Heat and Calorimetry 10.3 Thermodynamics Thermodynamic States and Processes The First Law of Thermodynamics Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics The Carnot Cycle and the Absolute Temperature Scale Entropy 10.4 Problem-Solving Summary11 Electric Charge and Electric Fields 11.1 Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law Induction 11.2 Electric Field 11.3 Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field 11.4 Problem-Solving Summary12 Calculation of Electric Fields 12.1 Electric Fields of Point Charges 12.2 Electric Fields of Continuous Charge Distributions 12.3 Electric Flux and Gauss's Law 12.4 Electrostatic Properties of Conductors 12.5 Problem-Solving Summary13 Electric Potential 13.1 Electric Potential and Electric Fields 13.2 Electric Potential of Point Charges 13.3 Electric Potential of Continuous Charge Distributions 13.4 Equipotential Surfaces and Charged Conductors 13.5 Electrostatic Potential Energy of Charge Collections 13.6 Problem-Solving Summary14 Capacitance, Current, and Resistance 14.1 Capacitance Capacitance of Symmetrical Capacitors Capacitors in Series and in Parallel Effects ofDielectric Materials 14.2 Current and Resistance Resistivity and Ohm's Law Resistors and Combinations of Resistors 14.3 Energetics of Resistors and Capacitors Electric Power Loss in Resistors Energy Stored in Capacitors 14.4 Problem-Solving Summary15 Direct-Current Circuits 15.1 Energy Reservoir in DC Circuits 15.2 Analysis of DC Circuits with Steady Currents Kirchhoff's Rules Ammeters and Voltmeters in DC Circuits 15.3 RC Circuits 15.4 Problem-Solving Summary16 Magnetic Fields I 16.1 Magnetic Forces on Moving Charges 16.2 The Biot-Savart Law 16.3 Gauss's Law for Magnetic Fields and Ampere's Law Gauss's Law for Magnetic Fields Ampere's Law 16.4 Applications 16.5 Problem-Solving Summary17 Magnetic Fields II 17.1 Induced Emf Faraday's Law and Lenz' s Law Motional Emf and Faraday's Law 17.2 Inductance Inductors as Circuit Components Energetics of Inductors 17.3 LR Circuits 17.4 Magnetic Media Magnetic Properties of Matter Ferromagnetism 17.5 Maxwell's Equations 17.6 Problem-Solving Summary18 Electromagnetic Oscillations 18.1 Alternating-Current Circuits Components in AC Circuits Series RLC Circuits Resonance in AC Circuits Power and RMS Values in AC Circuits 18.2 Electromagnetic Radiation 18.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 18.4 Problem-Solving Summary19 Wave Motion and Sound 19.1 Traveling Waves 19.1 Reflection, Superposition, and Standing Waves 19.3 Sound Waves Pressure Waves and Superposition Standing Sound Waves Beats The Doppler Effect 19.4 Sound and Human Hearing 19.5 Problem-Solving Summary20 Light: Geometric Optics 20.1 Fermat's Principle: The Law of Reflection Plane Mirrors Spherical Mirrors 20.2 Refraction of Light: The Law of Refraction Total Internal Reflection Refraction at Plane Surfaces Refraction at Spherical Surfaces 20.3 Thin Lenses 20.4 Optical Instruments Light and Human Vision Magnifying Instruments 20.5 Problem-Solving Summary21 Light: Physical Optics 21.1 Optical Interference Double-Slit Interference Thin-Film Interference 21.2 Optical Diffraction Single-Slit Diffraction Diffraction Gratings 21.3 Polarization of Light 21.4 Problem-Solving Summary22 Special Relativity 22.1 Space, Time, and the Galilean Transformation 22.2 The Einstein Postulates, Synchronization, and Simultaneity 22.3 The Lorentz Transformation: Relativistic Kinematics Time Dilation Length Contraction Relativistic Velocity Transformation 22.4 Relativistic Momentum, Mass, and Energy 22.5 Experimental Confirmation of Relativity Experimental Confirmation of Time Dilation Nuclear Fission and Fusion 22.6 Problem-Solving Summary23 Early Quantum Physics 23.1 The Blackbody Dilemma: Planck's Hypothesis 23.2 The Photoelectric Effect and Photons 23.3 Atomic Models, Spectra, and Atomic Structure Atomic Line Spectra The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom 23.4 The Wave Nature of Particles 23.5 Uncertainty and Probability 23.6 Problem-Solving Summary24 Topics in Quantum Physics 24.1 Atomic Structure Quantum Numbers of Atomic Electrons Electronic Configurations in Atoms Lasers 24.2 Molecular Structure and Solids Molecular Bonds Crystalline Solids Semiconductor Devices 24.3 Nuclear and Particle Physics Nuclear Structure and Stability Radioactive Decay Radiocarbon Dating Elementary Particles 24.4 Problem-Solving Summary25 Introduction to Wave Mechanics 25.1 Wave Functions and the Schrödinger Equation 25.2 A Special Potential Function: Barrier Penetration The Delta-Function Potential Energy Transmission, Reflection, and Tunneling 25.3 An Attractive Potential: The Bound State and Atoms 25.4 A Double Attractive Potential: Multiple Bound States and Molecules 25.5 Multiple Attractive Potentials: Band Theory and Solids 25.6 Two Special Examples 25.7 Problem-Solving SummaryTrigonometry AppendixAnswers to Odd-Numbered ProblemsIndex

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