Physical Diagnosis of Pain

5th Edition - February 5, 2024
Author: Steven D. Waldman
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 1 8 0 3 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 1 8 3 4 - 0

In this easy-to-follow, how-to-do-it atlas, internationally recognized pain expert Dr. Steven D. Waldman provides a compendium of practical physical examination techniques that y… Read more

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In this easy-to-follow, how-to-do-it atlas, internationally recognized pain expert Dr. Steven D. Waldman provides a compendium of practical physical examination techniques that you can use in your daily practice to evaluate and diagnose patients in pain. Physical Diagnosis of Pain, 5th Edition, is the only atlas devoted to this critical area of pain medicine, offering a real-world focus on how clinicians evaluate pain: "What is it?" rather than "Where is it?". You’ll be guided step by step through the evaluation and diagnosis of more than 280 pain-related conditions based on physical signs. Concise, superbly illustrated chapters help you rapidly diagnose pathology based on physical techniques rather than relying on imaging alone.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Any screen, Any time, Anywhere
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Video Contents
Section I: The Cervical Spine
1. Functional Anatomy of the Bony Cervical Spine
The Vertebrae of the Cervical Spine
The Mobility of the Cervical Spine
The Cervical Vertebral Canal
The Cervical Nerves and Their Relation to the Cervical Vertebrae
Implications for the Clinician
2. Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc
3. Nomenclature of the Diseased Cervical Disc
The Normal Disc
The Degenerated Disc
The Diffusely Bulging Disc
The Focal Disc Protrusion
The Focal Disc Extrusion
The Sequestered Disc
4. Painful Conditions Emanating From the Cervical Spine
5. Visual Inspection of the Cervical Spine
6. Palpation of the Cervical Spine
7. Physical Examination of the Cervical Spine Range of Motion
Flexion and Extension
Rotation and Lateral Bending
8. The Cervical Dermatomes
9. The C5 Neurologic Level
VIDEO CAPTION
10. The C6 Neurologic Level
VIDEO CAPTION
11. The C7 Neurologic Level
VIDEO CAPTION
12. The C8 Neurologic Level
VIDEO CAPTION
13. The Cervical Flexion Rotation Test for C1–C2 Joint Dysfunction
14. The Sharp-Purser Test for Atlantoaxial Joint Instability
15. The Rust Sign for Cervical Spine Instability
16. The Flexion Compression Test for Cervical Discogenic Disease
17. The Extension Compression Test for Cervical Discogenic Disease
18. The Spurling Test for Cervical Radiculopathy Secondary to Herniated Disc or Cervical Spondylosis
VIDEO CAPTION
19. The Jackson Compression Test for Cervical Radiculopathy
20. The Distraction Test for Cervical Radiculopathy
21. The Shoulder Abduction Relief Test for Cervical Radiculopathy
22. The Neck Distraction Test for Cervical Radiculopathy
23. The Arm Squeeze Test for Distinguishing Cervical Radiculopathy From Shoulder Pathology
24. The Upper Limb Tension Test for Cervical Radiculopathy
25. The Shoulder Depression Test for Cervical Radiculopathy
26. The Valsalva Test for Cervical Radiculopathy
27. The Cervical Resisted Muscle Test for Cervical Strain
28. The O’Donoghue Test for Distinguishing Cervical Strain From Articular Dysfunction
29. The Jull Test for Assessment of Cervical Flexor Muscle Performance
30. The Deep Flexor Endurance Test to Assess Cervical Flexor Muscle Performance
31. The Hoffmann Test for Cervical Myelopathy
VIDEO CAPTION
32. The Lhermitte Sign for Cervical Myelopathy
33. The Brudzinski Sign for Meningeal Irritation
34. The Linder Sign for Cervical Myelopathy
35. The Finger Flexion Reflex Test for Cervical Myelopathy
VIDEO CAPTION
Section II: The Shoulder
36. Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint
37. Visual Inspection of the Shoulder
38. Palpation of the Shoulder
39. External Rotation of the Shoulder
40. Internal Rotation of the Shoulder
41. Crossed-Arm Adduction of the Shoulder
42. Abduction of the Shoulder
43. Painful Conditions of the Shoulder
44. Shoulder Instability Syndromes
45. The Anterior Drawer Test
VIDEO CAPTION
46. The Shift and Load Test for Shoulder Instability
47. The Apprehension Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability
48. The Jobe Relocation Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability
49. The Andrews Anterior Apprehension Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability
50. The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability
VIDEO CAPTION
51. The Jerk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability
52. The Posterior Clunk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability
53. The Sulcus Sign Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability
54. The Gagey Hyperabduction Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability
55. The John Feagin Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability
56. The Crank Test for Injury of the Labrum of the Glenohumeral Joint
57. The Keibler Anterior Slide Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions
58. The Dynamic Labral Shear Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions
59. The O’Brien Active Compression Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions
60. An Overview of Shoulder Impingement Syndromes
61. The Neer Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes
VIDEO CAPTION
62. The Hawkins Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes
63. The Gerber Subcoracoid Impingement Test
64. The Zaslav Rotation Resistance Test for Shoulder Impingement
65. Bicipital Tendinitis
66. The Speed Test for Bicipital Tendinitis
VIDEO CAPTION
67. The Yergason Test for Bicipital Tendinitis
VIDEO CAPTION
68. The Snap Test for Subluxing Biceps Tendon Syndrome
69. The Biceps Entrapment Test for Biceps Entrapment
70. The Gerber Lift-Off Test for Rupture of the Subscapularis Muscle
71. The Gerber Belly Press Test for Subscapularis Weakness
VIDEO CAPTION
72. The Internal Rotation Lag Sign for Rupture of the Subscapularis Tendon
VIDEO CAPTION
73. The Snapping Scapula Test
74. The Ludington Test for Ruptured Long Tendon of the Biceps
75. Reverse Popeye Sign for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon
76. The Squeeze Test for Distal Rupture of the Biceps Tendon
77. The Hook Test for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon
78. The Waldman Hanger Test for Ruptured Distal Biceps Tendon
79. The Supination Pronation Test for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon
80. Clinical Correlates: Diseases of the Rotator Cuff
What the Rotator Cuff Is and What It Does
The Pathogenesis of Rotator Cuff Disease
81. The Drop Arm Test for Complete Rotator Cuff Tear
VIDEO CAPTION
82. The External Rotation Lag Sign for Rupture of the Supraspinatus or Infraspinatus Tendon
VIDEO CAPTION
83. The Dawbarn Sign for Supraspinatus Tendinitis
84. The Empty Can Test for Supraspinatus Tendinopathy
85. The Jobe Supraspinatus Test
VIDEO CAPTION
86. The Midarc Abduction Test for Infraspinatus Tendinitis
87. The External Rotation Stress Test for Impairment of the Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Muscles
VIDEO CAPTION
88. The Hornblower Test for Teres Minor Tear
89. The Drop Arm Test for Subdeltoid Bursitis
90. The Adduction Release Test for Subcoracoid Bursitis
VIDEO CAPTION
91. The Adduction Stress Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction
92. The Chin Adduction Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction
VIDEO CAPTION
93. The Paxino Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction
94. The Sergeant’s Chevron Test for Axillary Nerve Deficits
95. The Adson Maneuver for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
96. The Costoclavicular Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
97. The Hyperabduction Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
98. The Brachial Plexus Compression Test for Brachial Plexus Pain
99. The Brachial Plexus Tension Test for Brachial Plexus Pain
100. The Shoulder Depression Test for Brachial Plexus Pain
101. The Upper Limb Tension Test B for Compromise of the Median, Axillary, and Musculocutaneous Nerves
102. The Upper Limb Tension Test C Test for Compromise of the Radial Nerve
103. The Upper Limb Tension Test D for Cervical Radiculopathy and Compromise of the Ulnar Nerve
Section III: The Elbow
104. Functional Anatomy of the Elbow Joint
105. Visual Inspection of the Elbow
106. Palpation of the Elbow
107. Flexion and Extension of the Elbow
108. Supination and Pronation of the Elbow
109. The Valgus Stress Flexion Test for Medial Ligamentous Incompetence
110. The Modified Milking Maneuver Test for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Incompetence
111. The Varus Stress Flexion Test for Lateral Ligamentous Incompetence
112. The Lateral Pivot Shift Test for Posterolateral Insufficiency
113. The Froment Paper Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow
114. The Jeanne Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow
115. The Wartenberg Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow
VIDEO CAPTION
116. The Pressure Provocation Test for Ulnar Neuropathy
117. The Little Finger Adduction Test for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow
VIDEO CAPTION
118. The Valgus Extension Overload Test for Olecranon Impingement
119. The Compression Test for Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
120. The Snap Sign for Snapping Triceps Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
121. The Creaking Tendon Sign for Triceps Tendinitis
122. The Ballottement Test for Olecranon Bursitis
123. The Tennis Elbow Test
VIDEO CAPTION
124. The Maudsley Test for Lateral Epicondylitis
125. The Mill Test for Tennis Elbow
126. The Cozen Test for Tennis Elbow
127. The Resisted Middle Finger Test for Tennis Elbow
128. The Chair Lift Test for Lateral Epicondylitis
129. The Golfer’s Elbow Test
130. The Golfer’s Elbow Push Down Test
131. The Polk Test to Differentiate Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis
132. The Brachialis Jump Test for Climber’s Elbow
Section IV: The Forearm
133. The Compression Test for Radial Tunnel Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
134. The Compression Test for Pronator Syndrome
135. The Forced Pronation Test for Pronator Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
136. The Pinch Test for Anterior Interosseous Syndrome
137. The Creaking Tendon Test for Intersection Syndrome
Section V: The Wrist and Hand
138. Functional Anatomy of the Wrist
139. Visual Inspection of the Wrist and Hand
140. Palpation of the Wrist and Hand
141. Extension of the Wrist and Hand
142. Flexion of the Wrist and Hand
143. Adduction of the Wrist and Hand
144. Abduction of the Wrist and Hand
145. Painful Conditions of the Wrist and Hand
146. The Wristwatch Test for Cheiralgia Paresthetica
147. The Finkelstein Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis
VIDEO CAPTION
148. The Tethered Thumb Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis
149. The Eichhoff Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis
150. The Allen Test for Patency of the Radial and Ulnar Arteries at the Wrist
151. The Watson Stress Test for Arthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
152. The Swanson Grind Test for Arthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
153. The Ulnar Click Test for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome
154. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
155. The Tinel Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
156. The Phalen Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
157. The Reverse Phalen Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
158. The Opponens Weakness Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
159. The Opponens Pinch Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
160. The Two-Point Discrimination Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
161. The Scratch Collapse Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
162. The Durkan Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
163. Phdurkan Test
164. The Hand Elevation Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
165. The Gilliatt Tourniquet Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
166. The Berger Test for Identification of Lumbrical Involvement in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
167. The Dowart Hotdog Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
168. The Spread Sign for Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
169. The Flexion/Extension Test for Ganglion Cysts of the Wrist
170. The Hunchback Carpal Sign for Carpal Boss
171. The Tuck Sign for Extensor Tenosynovitis of the Wrist
172. The Palmar Band Sign for Dupuytren Contracture
173. The Allen Test for Patency of the Digital Arteries of the Fingers
174. The Catching Tendon Sign for Trigger Finger Syndrome
VIDEO CAPTION
175. The Sausage Finger Sign for Psoriatic Arthritis
176. The Swan Neck Deformity Sign
177. The Boutonnière Deformity Sign
178. The Heberden Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joints
179. The Bouchard Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints
180. The Ice Water Test for Glomus Tumor of the Finger
Section VI: The Chest Wall, Thorax, and Thoracic Spine
181. Winged Scapula Sign for Entrapment of the Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell
182. The Suprascapular Notch Sign for Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
183. The Shoulder Retraction Test for Costosternal Syndrome
184. The Swollen Costosternal Joint Sign for Tietze Syndrome
185. The Shrug Test for Sternoclavicular Joint Dysfunction
VIDEO CAPTION
186. The Hooking Maneuver Test for Slipping Rib Syndrome
187. The Flexion Test for Acute Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture
188. The Soto-Hall Test for Upper Thoracic Spine Pain
Section VII: The Lumbar Spine
189. Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
The Bony Elements
Movement
The Intervertebral Disc
190. An Overview of the Nomenclature of the Diseased Lumbar Disc
The Normal Disc
The Degenerated Disc
The Diffusely Bulging Disc
The Focal Disc Protrusion
The Focal Disc Extrusion
The Sequestered Disc
191. An Overview of Painful Conditions Emanating From the Lumbar Spine
192. Visual Inspection of the Lumbar Spine
193. Palpation of the Lumbar Spine
194. Range of Motion of the Lumbar Spine
Flexion and Extension
Rotation and Lateral Bending
195. The Schober Test for Lumbar Spine Flexion
196. The Kemp Test for Lumbar Facet Joint Pain
197. The Interspinous Gap Change Sign for Lumbar Instability
198. The Sill Sign for Lumbar Instability
199. The Lumbar Dermatomes
200. The L4 Neurologic Level
VIDEO CAPTION
201. The L5 Neurologic Level
VIDEO CAPTION
202. The S1 Neurologic Level
VIDEO CAPTION
203. The Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation
204. The Sitting Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation
205. The Naffziger Jugular Compression Test for an Equivocal Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test
206. The Flip Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation
207. The Buckling Knee Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation
208. The Spurling Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation
VIDEO CAPTION
209. The Bragard Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation
210. The Ely Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation
VIDEO CAPTION
211. The Fajersztajn Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation
212. The Stoop Test for Spinal Stenosis
213. The Babinski Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System
VIDEO CAPTION
214. The Chaddock Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System
215. The Oppenheim Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System
216. The Gordon Reflex for Diseases of the Corticospinal System
Section VIII: The Abdominal Wall and Pelvis
217. The Sit-Up Sign for Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
218. The Waddling Gait Sign for Osteitis Pubis Syndrome
219. The Direct Pressure Spring Test for Osteitis Pubis
220. The Yeoman Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain
221. The Van Durson Standing Flexion Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain
222. The Piedallu Seated Flexion Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain
223. The Stork Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
224. The Gaenslen Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
225. The Distraction Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain
226. The Side-Lying Compression Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain
227. The Thigh Trust Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain
228. The Fortin Finger Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
229. The Sacroiliac Compression and Distraction Test for Pelvic Fracture
230. The Numb Medial Thigh Sign for Obturator Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
231. The Novice Skier Sign for Ilioinguinal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
232. The Femoral Stretch Test
VIDEO CAPTION
233. The Burning Lateral Thigh Sign for Meralgia Paresthetica
Section IX: The Hip
234. Functional Anatomy of the Hip
235. Visual Inspection of the Hip Joint
236. Palpation of the Hip
237. Flexion of the Hip
238. Extension of the Hip
239. Abduction of the Hip
240. Adduction of the Hip
241. Internal Rotation of the Hip
242. External Rotation of the Hip
243. Painful Conditions of the Hip
244. The Thomas Test for Flexion Deformity of the Hip
245. The Trendelenburg Test for Weak Hip Abductors
246. The Hopalong Cassidy Sign for Antalgic Gait
247. The Patrick/FABER Test for Hip Pathology
VIDEO CAPTION
248. The Hip Quadrant Scour Test for Femoroacetabular Joint Pain
249. The Waldman Knee Squeeze Test for Adductor Tendinitis
250. The Resisted Hip Extension Test for Ischial Bursitis
VIDEO CAPTION
251. The Resisted Hip Abduction Test for Gluteal Bursitis
VIDEO CAPTION
252. The External Derotation Test for Gluteal Tendinopathy
253. The Hip Lag Test for Gluteus Medius Tear
254. The Resisted Hip Adduction Test for Iliopsoas Bursitis
VIDEO CAPTION
255. The Piriformis Test for Piriformis Syndrome
256. The Freiberg Forceful Internal Rotation Test for Piriformis Syndrome
257. Pace Nagel Resisted Contraction Maneuver for Piriformis Syndrome
258. The Flexion, Adduction, Internal Rotation Test for Piriformis Syndrome
259. The Beatty Test for Piriformis Syndrome
260. The Piriformis Syndrome Sign
261. The Heel Contralateral Knee Test for Piriformis Syndrome
262. The Resisted Abduction Release Test for Trochanteric Bursitis Pain
263. The Fulcrum Test for Stress Fractures of the Femoral Shaft
264. The Ober Test for Iliotibial Band Contracture
265. The Snap Sign for Snapping Hip Syndrome
266. The Hip Dislocator Test for Snapping Hip Syndrome
267. The Fan Test for Snapping Hip Syndrome
268. External Snapping Hip Test for External Snapping Hip Syndrome
269. The Internal Snapping Hip Test for Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome
270. Active Iliopsoas Snapping Test for Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome
Section X: The Knee
271. Functional Anatomy of the Knee
272. Visual Inspection of the Knee
273. Palpation of the Knee
274. Flexion of the Knee
275. Extension of the Knee
276. Rotation of the Knee
277. An Overview of Painful Conditions of the Knee
278. The Bulge Sign for Small Joint Effusions
279. The Ballottement Test for Large Joint Effusions
VIDEO CAPTION
280. The Valgus Stress Test for Medial Collateral Ligament Integrity
281. The Swain Rotary Stability Test for Medial Knee Instability
282. The Varus Stress Test for Lateral Collateral Ligament Integrity
283. The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity
284. The Flexion-Rotation Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Instability
285. The Lachman Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity
286. The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity
287. The Hughston External Rotation-Recurvatum Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Instability
288. The Quadriceps Active Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity
289. The Pivot Shift Test for Anterolateral Rotary Instability
290. The Reverse Pivot Shift Test of Jakob for Posterolateral Instability
291. The Tibial External Rotation Test for Injury to the Posterolateral Corner
292. The Perkins Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
293. The Patellar Grind Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
294. The Fairbanks Apprehension Test for Lateral Patellar Subluxation
295. The Patellar Tilt Test for Lateral Retinacular Dysfunction
296. The McMurray Test for Torn Meniscus
297. The Apley Grinding Test for Meniscal Tear
298. The Squat Test for Meniscal Tear
299. The Ege Test for Meniscal Tear
300. The Thessaly Test for Meniscal Tear
301. The Twist Test for Semimembranosus Insertion Syndrome
302. The Knee Extension Test for Quadriceps Expansion Syndrome
303. Bursitis of the Knee
Suprapatellar Bursitis
Prepatellar Bursitis
Superficial and Deep Infrapatellar Bursitis
Pes Anserine Bursitis
304. The Creaking Tendon Sign for Hamstring Tendinitis
305. The Noble Compression Test for Iliotibial Band Syndrome
306. The Bump Sign for Baker Cyst of the Knee
307. The Foucher Sign for Baker Cyst
Section XI: The Ankle and Foot
308. Functional Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot
The Hindfoot
The Midfoot
The Forefoot
309. Visual Inspection of the Ankle and Foot
310. Palpation of the Ankle and Foot
311. The Wave Test for Ankle Joint Effusion
312. The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency
313. The Inversion Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency
314. The Eversion Test for Deltoid Ligament Insufficiency
315. The Kleiger Test for High Ankle Sprain
316. The Talar Tilt Test for Lateral Ankle Sprain
317. The Squeeze Test for Syndesmosis Ankle Strain
318. The External Rotation Test for Syndesmosis Ankle Strain
319. The Tinel Sign for Anterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
320. The Tinel Sign for Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
321. The Valleix Sign for Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
322. The Creak Sign for Achilles Tendinitis
323. The Toe Raise Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture
324. The Thompson Squeeze Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture
325. The Matles Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture
326. The Calcaneal Jump Sign for Plantar Fasciitis
327. The Calcaneal Squeeze Test for Calcaneal Stress Fracture
328. The Windlass Test for Plantar Fasciitis
329. The Mulder Sign for Morton Neuroma
330. The Digital Nerve Stretch Test for Morton Neuroma
331. The Metatarsophalangeal Dorsal Drawer Test for Plantar Plate Insufficiency
332. The Paper Pullout Test for Plantar Plate Insufficiency
Index
Confidence is ClinicalKey

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Steven D. Waldman