Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids

List of Contributors Preface 1. Overview of Photothermal Spectroscopy I. Introduction II. PT Detections and Applications III. Conclusion 2. Photothermal Investigation of Solids: Basic Physical Principles I. Physical Parameters Involved in a Photothermal Experiment II. Detection of the Photothermal Signal III. Photothermal Signal Generation: Theoretical Approach IV. Specific Problems V. Spectral and Spatial Multiplexing the Photothermal Signals 3. The Theory of the Photothermal Effect in Fluids I. Formation of the Thermal Image II. Detection of the Thermal Image 4. Photothermal Spectroscopy: Applications in Chromatography and Electrophoresis I. General Introduction to Chromatography and Electrophoresis II. Photothermal Gas-Chromatography Detectors III. Photothermal Liquid-Chromatography Detectors IV. Photothermal Flow-Injection Analysis Detectors V. Photo thermal Electrophoresis Detectors VI. Photo thermal Detectors for Thin-Layer Chromatography VII. Conclusions 5. Photothermal Studies of Energy Transfer and Reaction Rates I. Introduction II. Time-Resolved Optoacoustics III. Time-Dependent Thermal Lensing IV. Timescales V. TDTL and TROA Theory VI. Experimental Methods VII. Observed and Calculated Results VIII. Conclusions 6. Mirage Detection of Thermal Waves I. Imaging of Surface and Subsurface Defects in Solids II. Characterization of Material Properties 7. Fluid Velocimetry Using the Photothermal Deflection Effect I. Introduction II. Photothermal Deflection Effect III. Related Research IV. Laminar Flow (Low Velocity) V. Laminar Flow (High Velocity) VI. Turbulent Flows VII. Two-Dimensional Velocity Measurements VIII. Velocities for Flowing Liquids IX. Temperature and Pressure Dependence of PD Signals X. Conclusions XI. Appendix8. Combustion Diagnostics by Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy I. Introduction II. Variation of the PTDS Signal with Temperature III. Variation of Relevant Parameters with Temperatures IV. Observation of PTDS Signals in Flames V. Concentration Measurements VI. Temperature Measurements VII. Flow-Velocity Measurements VIII. Flame Spectroscopy 9. Photothermal Characterization of Electrochemical Systems I. Introduction II. Out-of-Cell Characterization of Electrodes III. In Situ Characterization of Electrodes IV. Electrochemical Interface Reactions V. Corrosion and Thin-Film Growth Processes VI. Diffusion of Electrochemical Species VII. Energy-Transfer Physics at Photoelectrochemical Interfaces VIII. Conclusions and Future Directions 10. Photothermal Spectroscopy of Aerosols I. Introduction II. Survey of Possible Photothermal Schemes III. Early Work IV. Photo thermal Interferometry V. Photothermal Modulation of Light Scattering VI. Photophoresis VII. Conclusion Index