Pharmaceutical Care in Digital Revolution

Blending Digital with Human Innovation

2nd Edition - August 18, 2023
Editors: Ardalan Mirzaei, Claudia Rijcken
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 3 6 0 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 3 6 1 - 9

Pharmaceutical Care in the Digital Revolution: Blending Digital with Human Innovation, Second Edition provides readers with an updated view on how to use technology to improve p… Read more

Pharmaceutical Care in Digital Revolution

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Pharmaceutical Care in the Digital Revolution: Blending Digital with Human Innovation, Second Edition provides readers with an updated view on how to use technology to improve pharmaceutical care (PC) and enhance drug outcomes with digital tools. Organized into four parts, including Global Healthcare Systems Under Pressure, Digital Advances to Innovate Pharmaceutical Care Journeys, Conditions to Drive Combinatoric Pharma-Digital Innovation, and What to do Tomorrow as a Pharmaceutical Care Leader, the book further examines digital developments that will optimize the PC process and prepare stakeholders for a dynamic future that will optimize the life of patients against a sustainable cost model.

This edition also discusses recent advances in the digital health arena that will change the way we approach healthcare and prevention while also providing interactive links to lectures and technologies, tutorials on how to implement advances in your own working environment, and examples of pharmacists who are successful in building synergy between digital and pharma.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
About the authors
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Executive summary
Introduction
The WHY
Purpose of book
Culinary analogy
Scope of book
Audience scope
Geographical scope
Time scope
Content scope
How this book is organized
Assumptions made
Icons used in this interactive book
Beyond the book
Part 1. Why: global healthcare systems under pressure
Chapter 1. Pharmacists in need of sustenance
Sustainability focus
Patients are in general positive, but expect better
System change required as nourishment for healthcare system sustainability
The benefits and budgets of medication in healthcare systems
Value for medication money
Chapter 2. Experimental digital: innovation required
From innovation to value
General principles of successful innovation
About disruptive innovation
The innovation funnel
Open innovation
Combinatoric innovation
Creating the best environment for combinatoric innovation
Ideas ready to survive in a complex world: “the last mile”
Risks for failure
Learning from brilliant failures
Chapter 3. Healthcare's nutritional value
Measuring outcomes
Quadruple aim and proving value of medicine
The quantified self to measure outcomes
Driving value as a pharmaceutical care provider
Chapter 4. Platters of paying for outcomes
From activity-based to outcome-based financing
Changing models for spending control on drugs
Real-world evidence
Broader societal benefits and health impact bonds
Pharmaceutical care providers as drug outcome optimizers
Chapter 5. #Including the consuming patient
Patient centricity
Why healthcare systems promote active patient participation
What do patients consider as good healthcare?
Shared responsibility
What patients can expect from pharmaceutical care
Chapter 6. The pharmaceutical care buffet
Pharmaceutical care
From hospital or community to home pharmaceutical care
Preventing inadequate drug use
Adherence, its relevance and taxonomy
Part 2. What: digital advances to innovate pharmaceutical care journeys
Chapter 7. The digital health technology menu
Digital health
Digital health classification by type of data transfer
Health technology at different stages of the patient pathway
Technology adoption
Serious gaming to change habits
Economic benefits of digital health
Research on digital health cost-effectiveness
Chapter 8. Zesting the internet of pharma things
IoT explosion
Internet of Health
Internet of Pharma Things
Data in the Internet of Things
Data in the health ecosystem
HL7-FHIR and the interoperability of healthcare applications
FAIR data exchange
Turning health data into knowledge
Considerations for future IoT uptake
Privacy and security
Chapter 9. The spice rack of health apps
Technology
Impact on pharmaceutical care activities
Considerations
Chapter 10. Infusing wearables
Technology
Impact on core responsibilities in pharmaceutical care
Implementation in daily practice
Considerations
Chapter 11. The artificial intelligence pizza
Technology
Impact on core responsibilities in pharmaceutical care
Implementation in daily practice
Considerations
Chapter 12. Your chef: the virtual pharmaceutical care assistant
Technology
Additional use cases in healthcare
Impact on core responsibilities in pharmaceutical care
Considerations
Chapter 13. The taste of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality
Technology
Impact on core responsibilities in pharmaceutical care
Implementation in daily practice
Considerations
Chapter 14. Fusion cooking with pharmacy information systems
Bringing flavors together
Technology
Impact on core responsibilities in pharmaceutical care
Implementation in daily practice
Considerations
Conclusion
Chapter 15. The molecular gastronomy of digital therapeutics
Technology
Impact on core responsibilities in pharmaceutical care
Implementation in daily practice
Considerations
Chapter 16. What's cooking beyond 2028
Precision medicine
Pharmacogenetic self testing
3D-printed drugs
Social robots in every home
Blockchain technology
Part 3. How: conditions to drive combinatoric pharma-digital innovation
Chapter 17. Whisking the digital health compliance
Managing risks
Compliance blueprint: what to do tomorrow
Definition of the applicable legal framework
Chapter 18. The ingredients of ethical practice
Introduction
Ethics and moral theory in a technological culture
Core values and virtue-based pharmaceutical care providers
Digital ethics
Technology versus humanity
Key ethical questions raised by increasing use of technology in pharmaceutical care
A meaningful life and human flourishing in the digital age
Final thoughts on ethically sound pharmaceutical care
Chapter 19. Nourishing education to digitally enable pharmacists
Introduction
The future of pharmaceutical care and new roles
The future of the pharmaceutical care job
Required knowledge, competencies and skills for future pharmaceutical care providers
Knowledge domains in pharmaceutical care
Digital literacy competencies
Traditional skills required for pharmacists
General skills required for pharmaceutical care in the digital revolution
Integrating the new fundamental competency
Part 4. How: what to do tomorrow as a pharmaceutical care leader
Chapter 20. Digital by design: recipes for success
WHY: identify the true pharmaceutical care problem, the why and the blue sky
WHO: select the most relevant patient group
WHAT: validate how the target population sees the blue sky
HOW: choose the most suitable future solution
How to lead digital transformation
SUSTAIN: check the new process and adjust where required
Considerations
Chapter 21. Broiling the high-performance culture
Why culture drives results
The need for clarity, connection, and goals
How distinctions build a culture focused on the future
How to use power laws
The value of strategic quitting
How to take the first step and maintain momentum
Chapter 22. Final discussion: blending pharmaceutical care
Progress in digital health between the first edition (2019) and this second edition
The overpromised health technologies between the first edition (2019) and this second edition
The four questions in the foreword
Final note
Abbreviations
Appendix: Overview of laws, legislation, and standards referred to in Chapter 17
Index

Ardalan Mirzaei

Ardalan (Ardi) Mirzaei, BPharm, MPhil, GradCertEdStud (Higher Ed), PhD is a registered pharmacist and data scientist.

He completed his PhD in the School of Pharmacy, developing a dynamic model of patients' health information-seeking behaviour.

Ardi has worked in community pharmacy for over 15 years, having worked in a clinical setting as well as managing multimillion-dollar stores. In addition, he has a background in education, working as a training coordinator for pharmacy internships and teaching at the University of Sydney on subjects in business, pharmacy, and machine learning.

This is supplemented with over eight years of experience in data science, developing business solutions for the healthcare, education, retail, academic and government sectors. His passions include health, teaching and technology.

Ardi enjoys exploring the use of AI, machine learning and deep learning models and their application to everyday tasks and in healthcare. His interests have led to his involvement in the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Technology Advisory Group.

Affiliations and expertise

School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia

Claudia Rijcken

Claudia has an educational background as a pharmacist and obtained a PhD in Pharmacoepidemiology and a Master of Health Administration (eMBA).

After managing community pharmacy roles, she moved into clinical drug development in roles with increasing responsibility at Organon and Novartis.

Next, she acted within Novartis in international leadership roles in patient access, key account management, and public affairs. Here, Claudia developed a growing passion to educate an facilitate the adequate use of digital health technology to further enhance the value of pharmaceutical care.

She invested in learning about business development and health technology at Erasmus University Rotterdam and MIT Sloan and moved into a European digital innovation role within Novartis.

In 2019, Claudia founded the company Pharmi BV which is located at the Philips High Tech Campus in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

Pharmi develops interactive digital medication care modules that facilitate blended care support to patients. It offers pharmacists the possibility to provide care digitally where possible, freeing up more time to provide the ultimate important human care where needed. Pharmi’s platform MedsWise acts as an interactive digital coach for patients, warranting 24/7 patient access to reliable information, interaction and support at respective patient literacy levels and preferences.

Claudia is since 2019 also lecturer in digital pharmaceutical care for MSc Pharmacy students at the University of Utrecht, Netherlands. She regularly lectures on national and international events on digital pharmaceutical care and the transformation of care models.

Claudia is an active member of the FIP Technology Advisory Group.