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Personalized Epigenetics

1st Edition - April 28, 2015

Editor: Trygve O Tollefsbol

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 2 0 1 3 5 - 4

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 4 3 6 - 4

Personalized Epigenetics discusses the core translatability of epigenetics to health management of individuals who have unique variations in their epigenetic signatures that can… Read more

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Personalized Epigenetics discusses the core translatability of epigenetics to health management of individuals who have unique variations in their epigenetic signatures that can guide both disorder and disease prevention and therapy.

The book details inter-individual variability in the major epigenetic process in humans consisting of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA, and the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the field, it also reviews the impact of the environment on epigenetic variations among individuals and the role of pharmacology and drug development in personalized epigenetics.

Most importantly, the text covers personalized epigenetics from a disease-oriented perspective, presenting chapters that provide advances in widespread disorders or diseases, including diabetes, cancer, autoimmune disorders, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and pain management.

Preface
Section I. Overview
- Chapter 1. Epigenetics of Personalized Medicine
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Epigenetic Variations among Individuals
  - 3. Bioinformatics of Personalized Epigenetics
  - 4. Diagnostic and Prognostic Epigenetic Approaches to Personalized Medicine
  - 5. Environmental Personalized Epigenetics
  - 6. Pharmacology and Drug Development of Personalized Epigenetics
  - 7. Personalized Epigenetics of Disorders and Disease Management
  - 8. Challenges and Future Directions
  - 9. Conclusion
Section II. Epigeneticvariations Among Individuals
- Chapter 2. Interindividual Variability of DNA Methylation
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Biochemical Pathways Regulating DNA Methylation
  - 3. Challenges in Studying DNA Methylation
  - 4. Classification of Epigenotypes
  - 5. Early Evidence of Interindividual Variation in DNA Methylation from DNA Methylation Mutants
  - 6. Studies of Natural Variation in DNA Methylation—Model Systems
  - 7. Studies of Natural Variation in DNA Methylation—Humans
  - 8. Twin Studies
  - 9. Methylation Quantitative Trait Loci and Epigenetic Quantitative Trait Loci Studies
  - 10. Impact of Variation in DNA Methylation on Personalized Medicine
  - 11. Conclusion
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Chapter 3. Differences in Histone Modifications Between Individuals
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Chromatin Structure and Histone Modifications
  - 3. An Analytical Toolbox for Chromatin Structure and Histone Modifications
  - 4. The Discovery of cis-Regulatory Mutations
  - 5. An Abundance of cis-Regulatory Mutations
  - 6. Cis-Regulatory Mutations Influence Chromatin Structure, Histone Modifications, and Transcriptional Output
  - 7. Cis-Regulatory Mutations Can Act in a Cell-Type-Dependent Manner
  - 8. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci, Chromatin Accessibility, and Disease Pathways
  - 9. Chromatin Translates Genetic Variation into Transcriptional Phenotypes
  - 10. Prospects for the Analysis of Histone Modifications in Humans
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Chapter 4. Individual Noncoding RNA Variations: Their Role in Shaping and Maintaining the Epigenetic Landscape
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Regulatory Interactions between MicroRNAs and Epigenetic Machinery
  - 3. Epigenetic Alterations and Regulation of Trinucleotide Repeats in Neurodegenerative Diseases
  - 4. Long Noncoding RNAs Guide the Epigenetic Machinery and Interfere with Other Noncoding RNA Functions to Regulate Gene Expression
  - 5. Conclusion
  - Glossary
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Chapter 5. Personalized Epigenetics: Analysis and Interpretation of DNA Methylation Variation
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. DNA Methylation and Demethylation Mechanisms
  - 3. Genetic and Epigenetic Variations
  - 4. Allelic-Specific DNA Methylation
  - 5. Blood Cellular Heterogeneity and Methylation Variation
  - 6. Brain Cellular Heterogeneity and Methylation Variation
  - 7. Stem Cellular Heterogeneity and Methylation Variation
  - 8. Quantitative Assessment of DNA Methylation Variation
  - 9. Closing Remarks
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Section III. Bioinformatics of Personalized Epigenetics
- Chapter 6. Computational Methods in Epigenetics
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Epigenetic Profiling: Heterogeneous Data and Particular Challenges of Different Epigenetic Factors
  - 3. Epigenetic Data Integration and Analysis
  - 4. Conclusions and Future Trends
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Section IV. Diagnostic and Prognostic Epigenetic Approaches to Personalized Medicine
- Chapter 7. Epigenetic Biomarkers in Personalized Medicine
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Cancer
  - 3. Noncancerous Diseases
  - 4. Concluding Remarks
- Chapter 8. Epigenetic Fingerprint
  - Outline
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Identifying a Stain’s Tissue Source
  - 3. Estimating Biological Age
  - 4. Exposure to the Heavy Metals, Arsenic and Lead
  - 5. MZ Twins
  - 6. Clinical Profiling
  - 7. Conclusions
- Chapter 9. Epigenetics of Personalized Toxicology
  - Outline
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Basic Epigenetics
  - 3. Individual Epigenetic Variation in Response to Toxicants
  - 4. Epigenetic Changes that are Induced by Toxic Exposure
  - 5. Epigenetic Evaluation of Toxicity
  - 6. Epigenetic Toxicity of Environmental Chemicals
  - 7. Epigenetic Toxicology of Drug Intoxication
  - 8. Interaction between Genetic and Epigenetic Variation in Toxicology
  - 9. Conclusion
  - Glossary
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Section V. Environmental Personalized Epigenetics
- Chapter 10. Environmental Contaminants and Their Relationship to the Epigenome
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Overview of Epigenetic Mechanisms and Methods for Assessment
  - 3. Air Pollution–Associated Chemicals and the Epigenome
  - 4. Alcohol and the Epigenome
  - 5. Metals and the Epigenome
  - 6. Pharmacological Agents and the Epigenome
  - 7. Cigarette Smoke and the Epigenome
  - 8. Further Considerations
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Chapter 11. Nutriepigenomics: Personalized Nutrition Meets Epigenetics
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Connection between Chromatin Structure and Metabolic Status
  - 3. Evidence for Dietary Factors Affecting Epigenetic Patterns
  - 4. Epigenetic Biomarkers—Novel Tools to Assess Metabolic Disorders and Diet Response
  - 5. Conclusions and Future Prospects
  - Glossary
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Section VI. Pharmacology and Drugdevelopment of Personalized Epigenetics
- Chapter 12. Personalized Pharmacoepigenomics
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Genome-Wide Epigenetic Studies
  - 3. Pharmacoepigenomics in Relation to Pharmacodynamics
  - 4. Personalized Pharmacoepigenomics in Relation to Pharmacodynamics
  - 5. Personalized Pharmacoepigenomics in Relation to Pharmacokinetics
  - 6. Personalized Pharmacoepigenomics in Relation to Adverse Drug Reactions
  - 7. Conclusions
  - 8. Future Directions
  - Glossary
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Chapter 13. Personalized Medicine and Epigenetic Drug Development
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Epigenetics and Drug Discovery
  - 3. Personalized Medicines
  - 4. Conclusions
Section VII. Personalized Epigenetics of Disorders and Disease Management
- Chapter 14. Epigenetics and Personalized Pain Management
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Epigenetic Regulation
  - 3. DNA Methylation
  - 4. DNA Methylation and Pain
  - 5. Methylation Changes in Response to Drugs
  - 6. Histone Modifications
  - 7. Histone Modifications in Pain States and in Response to Drugs
  - 8. Nucleosome Positioning and Chromatin Remodelers
  - 9. Genomic Imprinting
  - 10. Noncoding RNAs
  - 11. MicroRNA and Pain
  - 12. Long Noncoding RNA and Pain
  - 13. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
- Chapter 15. Understanding Interindividual Epigenetic Variations in Obesity and Its Management
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Identification of Susceptibility Loci for Obesity
  - 3. How Do Epigenetic Changes Contribute to Obesity?
  - 4. Nutritional Epigenetics
  - 5. When Do Dietary Factors Influence the Epigenome?
  - 6. Genomic Imprinting in Obesity
  - 7. Obesity Management
  - 8. Challenges and Future Perspectives
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Chapter 16. Epigenetic Modifications of miRNAs in Cancer
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. DNA Methylation
  - 3. DNA Methyltransferases
  - 4. microRNA: General Overview
  - 5. DNA Methyltransferases 1
  - 6. DNA Methyltransferases 3A
  - 7. DNMT3A Regulation by microRNA
  - 8. DNA Methyltransferases 3B
  - 9. DNMT3B Regulation by microRNA
  - 10. Histone Modifications
  - 11. Histone Deacetylases and microRNA
  - 12. Long Noncoding RNAs
  - 13. DNA Hypomethylation-Dependent Activation of microRNAs
  - 14. miR-370 and miR-373 and miR-375
  - 15. microRNA Regulation of FANCA, KIF14, and KLF6
  - 16. Interplay of NF-κB and microRNAs
  - 17. Carcinogens
  - 18. In vivo
  - 19. Conclusion
- Chapter 17. Managing Autoimmune Disorders through Personalized Epigenetic Approaches
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Evolution of the Treatment of Autoimmunity
  - 3. Epigenetic Basis for Autoimmunity
  - 4. Lessons from Oncology
  - 5. Personalized Epigenetic Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases
  - 6. Specific Epigenetic Agents in Autoimmunity
  - 7. Environmental Agents Involved in Autoimmunity that Influence Epigenetics
  - 8. Big Data and Epigenetics
  - 9. Discussion
  - 10. Conclusions
- Chapter 18. Cardiovascular Diseases and Personalized Epigenetics
  - 1. Introduction—Cardiovascular Disease and Epigenetics
  - 2. DNA Methylation and Cardiovascular Disease
  - 3. C1 Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease
  - 4. Histone Modifications in Cardiovascular Disease
  - 5. MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease
  - 6. Conclusions and Further Perspectives
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Section VIII. Challenges and Future Directions
- Chapter 19. Future Challenges and Prospects for Personalized Epigenetics
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Personalized Epigenetics
  - 3. Future Direction of Personalized Medicine in Epigenetics
  - 4. Epigenetic Data versus Genetic Data in Personalized Medicine
  - 5. Computational Epigenetics
  - 6. Challenges of Personalized Epigenetics
  - 7. Conclusions
  - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Index