Pathophysiology

7th Edition - April 19, 2021
Author: Jacquelyn L. Banasik
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 5 1 5 0 - 6
LooseLeaf ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 9 7 6 8 - 9
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 6 1 5 5 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 2 5 4 8 - 1

Develop the strong foundation in pathophysiology you need to guide your patient care! Exploring the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of diseases an… Read more

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Develop the strong foundation in pathophysiology you need to guide your patient care! Exploring the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of diseases and disorders, Pathophysiology, 7th Edition focuses on the major alterations in the homeostasis of body systems to provide you with a unifying framework. Current scientific findings and relevant global research are integrated throughout the book, with chapters organized by body system, beginning with an illustrated review of anatomy and normal physiology. Each chapter includes a discussion of the disease processes and abnormalities that may occur, with a focus on the pathophysiologic concepts involved. Practical learning resources emphasize critical thinking and help simplify this rigorous subject. Updated, full-color illustrations and photos throughout enable you to visualize disease and disease processes and gain a clearer understanding of the material.

Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Acknowledgments
Unit I. Pathophysiologic Processes
1. Introduction to Pathophysiology
Framework for Pathophysiology
Concepts of Normality in Health and Disease
Patterns of Disease in Populations
Summary
Evolve Resources List
2. Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
Homeostasis and Allostasis
Stress as a Concept
Neurohormonal Mediators of Stress and Adaptation
Adaptation, Coping, and Illness
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit II. Cellular Function
3. Cell Structure and Function
Plasma Membrane
Organization of Cellular Compartments
Cellular Metabolism
Functions of the Plasma Membrane
Intercellular Communication and Growth
Summary
Evolve Resources List
4. Cell Injury, Aging, and Death
Reversible Cell Injury
Cellular Adaptation
Irreversible Cell Injury
Etiology of Cellular Injury
Cellular Aging
Somatic Death
Summary
Evolve Resources List
5. Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation
Structure and Function of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Regulation of the Genome
Differentiation of Tissues
Summary
Evolve Resources List
6. Genetic and Developmental Disorders
Principles of Inheritance
Genetic Disorders
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Mendelian Single-Gene Disorders
Nonmendelian Single-Gene Disorders
Polygenic and Multifactorial Disorders
Environmentally Induced Congenital Disorders
Diagnosis, Counseling, and Gene Therapy
Summary
Evolve ResourceS List
7. Neoplasia
Benign Versus Malignant Growth
Epidemiology and Cancer Risk Factors
Genetic Mechanisms of Cancer
Multistep Nature of Carcinogenesis
Invasion and Metastasis
Effects of Cancer on the Body
Cancer Therapy
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit III. Defense
8. Infectious Processes
Host–Microbe Relationship
Transmission of Infection
Types of Pathogenic Organisms
Summary
Evolve Resources List
9. Inflammation and Immunity
Components of the Immune System
Epithelial Barriers
Mononuclear Phagocyte System
Lymphoid System
Leukocytes
Chemical Mediators of Immune Function
Innate Defenses and Inflammation
Inflammation
Healing
Inflammatory Exudates
Systemic Manifestations of Inflammation
Specific Adaptive Immunity
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Antigen Presentation by Major Histocompatibility Complex
Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Immunity
Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity
Antibody Structure
Passive and Active Immunity
Integrated Function and Regulation of the Immune System
Integrated Response to Microbial Antigen
Integrated Response to Viral Antigen
Regulation of Immune Function
Summary
Evolve Resources List
10. Alterations in Immune Function
Excessive Immune Responses
Autoimmunity
Hypersensitivity
Deficient Immune Responses
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
Secondary Immunodeficiency Disorders
Summary
Evolve Resources List
11. Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells
Classification of Hematologic Neoplasms
Etiology of Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms
General Principles of Management
Myeloid Neoplasms
Lymphoid Neoplasms
Summary
Evolve Resources List
12. HIV Disease and AIDS
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Diagnostic Testing
Monitoring the Progression of HIV
Clinical Manifestations
Treatment
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit IV. Oxygen Transport, Blood Coagulation, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure
13. Alterations in Oxygen Transport
Composition of Blood
Structure and Function of red Blood Cells
Gas Transport and Acid–Base Balance
Anemia
Anemia Related to Decreased red Cell Production
Anemia Related to Inherited Disorders of the red Cell
Anemia Related to Extrinsic red Cell Destruction or Loss
Transfusion Therapy
Polycythemia
Summary
Evolve Resources List
14. Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation
The Process of Hemostasis
Evaluation of Hemostasis and Coagulation
Vascular and Platelet Disorders
Coagulation Disorders
Summary
Evolve Resources List
15. Alterations in Blood Flow
Organization of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems
Principles of Flow
Control of Flow
General Mechanisms That Cause Altered Flow
Alterations in Arterial Flow
Alterations in Venous Flow
Alterations in Lymphatic Flow
Summary
Evolve Resources List
16. Alterations in Blood Pressure
Arterial Blood Pressure
Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Regulation
Hypertension
Low Blood Pressure
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit V. Cardiac Function
17. Cardiac Function
Cardiovascular Anatomy
Cardiac Cycle
Coronary Circulation
Cardiac Myocytes
Molecular Basis of Contraction
Cardiac Energy Metabolism
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Electrocardiography
Determinants of Cardiac Output
Endocrine Function of the Heart
Tests of Cardiac Function
Summary
Evolve Resources List
18. Alterations in Cardiac Function
Coronary Heart Disease
Endocardial and Valvular Diseases
Myocardial Diseases
Pericardial Diseases
Congenital Heart Diseases
Summary
Evolve Resources List
19. Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases
Heart Failure
Cardiac Dysrhythmias
Summary
Evolve Resources List
20. Shock
Pathogenesis of Shock
Types of Shock
Assessment and Hemodynamic Monitoring
Complications of Shock
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit VI. Respiratory Function
21. Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange
Functional Anatomy
Ventilation
Pulmonary Blood Flow
Diffusion and Transport of Respiratory Gases
Alterations in Pulmonary Function
Diagnostic Tests
Alterations in Pulmonary Vasculature
Pulmonary Malignancies
Summary
Evolve Resources List
22. Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
Obstruction From Conditions in the Wall of the Lumen
Obstruction Related to Loss of Lung Parenchyma
Obstruction of the Airway Lumen
Summary
Evolve Resources List
23. Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders
Lung Parenchyma Disorders
Atelectatic Disorders
Pleural Space Disorders
Neuromuscular, Chest Wall, and Obesity Disorders
Infection or Inflammation of the Lung
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit VII. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Homeostasis
24. Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances
Body Fluid Homeostasis
Fluid Imbalances
Principles of Electrolyte Homeostasis
Electrolyte Imbalances
Summary
Evolve Resources List
25. Acid–Base Homeostasis and Imbalances
Acid–Base Homeostasis
Acid–Base Imbalances
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit VIII. Renal and Bladder Function
26. Renal Function
Renal Anatomy
Overview of Nephron Structure and Function
Regulation of Glomerular Filtration
Transport Across Renal Tubules
Regulation of Blood Volume and Osmolality
Endocrine Functions
Age-Related Changes in Renal Function
Tests of Renal Structure and Function
Summary
Evolve Resources List
27. Intrarenal Disorders
Common Manifestations of Kidney Disease
Congenital Abnormalities
Neoplasms
Infection
Obstruction
Glomerular Disorders (Glomerulopathies)
Summary
Evolve Resources List
28. Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
Acute Kidney Injury
Chronic Kidney Disease
Clinical Management
Summary
Evolve Resources List
29. Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract
Lower Urinary Tract
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Syndromes
Neurogenic Bladder
Congenital Disorders
Neoplasms
Inflammation and Infection
Obstruction
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit IX. Genital and Reproductive Function
30. Male Genital and Reproductive Function
Anatomy
Embryology
Male Reproductive Physiology
Summary
Evolve Resources List
31. Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function
Disorders of the Penis and Male Urethra
Disorders of the Scrotum And Testes
Disorders of the Prostate
Summary
Evolve Resources List
32. Female Genital and Reproductive Function
Reproductive Structures
Menstrual Cycle
Breast
Pregnancy
Menopause
Summary
Evolve Resources List
33. Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function
Menstrual Disorders
Alterations in Uterine Position and Pelvic Support
Inflammation and Infection of the Female Reproductive Tract
Benign Growths and Aberrant Tissue of the Female Reproductive Tract
Cancer of the Female Genital Structures
Disorders of Pregnancy
Disorders of the Breast
Summary
Evolve Resources List
34. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Urethritis, Cervicitis, Salpingitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Diseases With Systemic Involvement
Diseases With Localized Lesions
Enteric Infections
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit X. Gastrointestinal Function
35. Gastrointestinal Function
Structure and Organization of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Gastrointestinal Motility
Secretory Function
Digestion and Absorption
Gastrointestinal Function Across the Life Span
Summary
Evolve Resources List
36. Gastrointestinal Disorders
Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders
Disorders of the Mouth and Esophagus
Oral Infections
Esophageal Disorders
Alterations in the Integrity of the Gastrointestinal Tract Wall
Inflammation of the Stomach and Intestines
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Enterocolitis
Alterations in Motility and Malabsorption of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Motility Disorders
Mucosal Malabsorption Disorders
Malabsorption Disorders After Surgical Intervention
Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Esophageal, Gastric, and Small Intestinal Cancers
Colonic Polyps and Colon Cancer
Psychosocial Aspects of Gastrointestinal Disorders
Summary
Evolve Resources List
37. Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas
Structure and Function of the Pancreaticobiliary System
Embryology of the Pancreaticobiliary System
Physiology of Bile
Functional Anatomy of the Pancreas
Disorders of the Gallbladder
Disorders of the Pancreas
Summary
Evolve Resources List
38. Liver Diseases
Structure and Function of the Liver
General Manifestations of Liver Disease
Disorders of the Liver
Cirrhosis
Toxic Liver Disorders
Other Structural Liver Conditions
Transplantation
Liver Diseases and Pediatric Considerations
Liver Diseases and Geriatric Considerations
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit XI. Endocrine Function, Metabolism, and Nutrition
39. Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation
Hormone Structure and Action
Hormone Regulation
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Endocrine System
Thyroid Hormones
Steroid Hormones
Categories of Endocrine Disease
Summary
Evolve Resources List
40. Disorders of Endocrine Function
Basic Concepts of Endocrine Disorders
Growth Hormone Disorders
Thyroid Hormone Disorders
Adrenocortical Hormone Disorders
Adrenal Medulla Disorder
Parathyroid Gland Disorders
Antidiuretic Hormone Disorders
Summary
Evolve Resources List
41. Diabetes Mellitus
Regulation of Glucose Metabolism
Glucose Intolerance Disorders
Clinical Manifestations and Complications
Treatment and Education
Pediatric Considerations
Geriatric Considerations
Summary
Evolve Resources List
42. Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition
Metabolic Processes
Nutrient Metabolism
Regulation of Appetite and Nutrient Metabolism
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic Responses to Starvation and Physiologic Stress
Nutritional Considerations for Aging and Altered Health States
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit XII. Neural Function
43. Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Structural Organization
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Neuronal Structure and Function
Neurons and Supportive Cells
Neuronal Communication
Neural Development, Aging, and Injury
Sensory Function
Sensory Receptors
Sensory Pathways
Somatosensory Cortex
Motor Function
Motor Neurons
Spinal Reflexes
Central Control of Motor Function
Consciousness, Memory, and Sleep
Consciousness and Memory
Sleep
Summary
Evolve Resources List
44. Acute Disorders of Brain Function
Mechanisms of Brain Injury
Manifestations of Brain Injury
Traumatic Brain Injury
Epidemiology
Types of Traumatic Brain Injury
Primary Injury
Secondary Injury
Treatment
Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke
Epidemiology
Ischemic Stroke
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Treatment
Stroke Sequelae
Cerebral Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Malformation
Cerebral Aneurysms
Arteriovenous Malformation
Central Nervous System Infections
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Brain Abscess
Summary
Evolve Resources List
45. Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function
Brain and Cerebellar Disorders
Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Summary
Evolve Resources List
46. Alterations in Special Sensory Function
Hearing and Balance
General Manifestations of Hearing Impairment
Hearing Impairment Disorders
Otitis Media
Interventions for Individuals with Hearing Impairment
Vision
Structure of the Eye
Visual Pathways
General Manifestations of Visual Impairment
Disorders of the Eye
Interventions for Individuals With Vision Impairment
Smell and Taste
Summary
Evolve Resources List
47. Pain
Physiology of Pain
Types of Pain
Acute Pain
Chronic Pain
Cancer-Related Pain
Neuropathic Pain
Ischemic Pain
Referred Pain
Physiologic Responses to Pain
Pain in the Young and the Elderly
Treatment Modalities
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit XIII. Neuropsychological Function
48. Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses
Schizophrenia
Major Depressive and Persistent Depressive Disorders
Bipolar Disorder
Population Considerations
Summary
Evolve Resources List
49. Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses
Anxiety Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Part IV. Musculoskeletal Support and Movement
50. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Structure and Function of Bone
Structure and Function of Joints
Structure and Function of Articular Cartilage
Structure and Function of Tendons and Ligaments
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle
Mechanics of Muscle Contraction
Summary
Evolve Resources List
51. Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease
Soft Tissue Injuries
Inert Soft Tissue Injuries
Contractile Soft Tissue Injuries
Bone Injuries and Infections
Infections of the Bone
Alterations in Bone Structure and Mass
Metabolic Bone Diseases
Bone Tumors
Diseases of Skeletal Muscle
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
Muscular Dystrophy
Other Disorders of Muscle
Chronic Muscle Pain
Summary
Evolve Resources List
52. Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders
Local Disorders of Joint Function
Systemic Disorders of Joint Function
Joint Dysfunction Secondary to Other Diseases
Pediatric Joint Disorders
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Unit XV. Integumentary System
53. Alterations in the Integumentary System
Age-Related Changes
Evaluation of the Integumentary System
Selected Skin Disorders
Infectious Processes
Inflammatory Conditions
Allergic Skin Responses
Parasitic Infestations
Other Disorders of the Dermis
Special Characteristics of Dark Skin
Integumentary Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Treatment Implications
Developmental Considerations
Summary
Evolve Resources List
54. Burn Injuries
Thermal Injury
Electrical Injury
Chemical Injury
Special Populations
Summary
Evolve Resources List
Glossary
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Pathophysiology

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Jacquelyn L. Banasik

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