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Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains

3rd Edition - January 29, 2019

Editor: Jane E. Buikstra

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 9 7 3 8 - 0

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 9 9 0 1 - 8

Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains, Third Edition, provides an integrated and comprehensive treatment of the pathological conditions that… Read more

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Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains, Third Edition, provides an integrated and comprehensive treatment of the pathological conditions that affect the human skeleton. As ancient skeletal remains can reveal a treasure trove of information to the modern orthopedist, pathologist, forensic anthropologist, and radiologist, this book presents a timely resource. Beautifully illustrated with over 1,100 photographs and drawings, it provides an essential text and material on bone pathology, thus helping improve the diagnostic ability of those interested in human dry bone pathology.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
A Tribute to Don Ortner
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
History of the First Edition From Donald J. Ortner
History of the Second Edition From Donald J. Ortner
Objectives of the First and Second Editions
History of the Third Edition From Jane E. Buikstra
Objectives of the Third Edition
Format of the Volume
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 2. A Brief History and 21st Century Challenges
Abstract
A Brief History of Paleopathology
21st Century Paleopathology
Paleoepidemiology
References
Chapter 3. Themes in Paleopathology
Abstract
Social and Identity Theory
Structural Violence
Ancient Humans and Impairment, Disability, and Care
Osteobiography in Paleopathology
References
Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Human Bone and Dental Biology: Structure, Function, and Development
Abstract
Skeletal Structure, Function, and Cellular Basis of Bone Biology
Skeletogenesis and Bone Modeling
Bone Remodeling
Tooth Structure and Formation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5. Abnormal Bone: Considerations for Documentation, Disease Process Identification, and Differential Diagnosis
Abstract
Abnormal Bone: General Considerations and Gross Appearance
Description of Abnormal Bone
Differential Diagnosis
Cases of Abnormal Bone: Modeling Description, Identification, and Differential Diagnoses
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Histomorphology: Deciphering the Metabolic Record
Abstract
Introduction
Histomorphology: Deciphering the Metabolic Record
Why Bones Break: Histomorphometric Assessment of Bone Strength and Fragility
Pathology and Histomorphometry
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. The Role of Imaging in Paleopathology
Abstract
Why Is Medical Imaging Important?
A Brief History of Radiology in Paleopathology
Basic Principles and Terminology
Radiographic Appearance of Pathologic Conditions
Other Bone Changes and Radiography
Taphonomic Alterations
Other Imaging Modalities
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Ancient DNA in the Study of Ancient Disease
Abstract
Introduction to Ancient DNA
Applications of Ancient DNA
Future Prospects for Ancient Pathogen Research
References
Chapter 9. Trauma
Abstract
Introduction
Trauma
Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Infectious Disease: Introduction, Periostosis, Periostitis, Osteomyelitis, and Septic Arthritis
Abstract
Introduction
Periostitis or Periostosis
Osteomyelitis
Changes in Specific Bones
Paleopathology of Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Summary
References
Chapter 11. Bacterial Infections
Abstract
Introduction
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Treponematosis, Treponemal Infection, or Treponemal Disease (TD)
Brucellosis
Glanders
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Plague
References
Chapter 12. Fungal, Viral, Multicelled Parasitic, and Protozoan Infections
Abstract
Fungal Infections
Viral Infections
Multicelled Parasitic Infections
Protozoan Infections
Sarcoidosis
References
Chapter 13. Parasitology
Abstract
Bringing Ortner Forward in Time and Application: Echinococcus granulosus
Archeological Data Violating Clinical Predictions Signal Fruitful Areas of Investigation: The Case of Enterobius vermicularis
Chagas Disease, Mummies, and Molecular Biology: Adjusting Clinical Perspectives
Lice Reflect Social Organization, Interaction, and Privation
Cemetery Studies: Korea and Central Russia AD 1500–1800
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Circulatory, Reticuloendothelial, and Hematopoietic Disorders
Abstract
Circulatory Disorders
Other Disorders Associated With Osteonecrosis
Other Diseases Associated With Trauma and Vascular Deficiency
Reticuloendothelial Disorders
Hematopoietic Disorders
Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
References
Chapter 15. Metabolic Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin C Deficiency
Subadult Scurvy
Adult Scurvy
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Co-occurrence of Rickets and Scurvy
Osteoporosis
Fluorosis
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna
References
Chapter 16. Endocrine Disturbances
Abstract
Introduction
Pituitary Disturbances
Paleopathology
Other Endocrine Disturbances
Pathology
Paleopathology
References
Chapter 17. Congenital and Neuromechanical Abnormalities of the Skeleton
Abstract
Introduction
Skull
Spine
Ribs and Sternum
Pelvis
Extremities
References
Chapter 18. Skeletal Dysplasias and Related Conditions
Abstract
Introduction
Defects in Endochondral Bone Formation
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasias
Acromesomelia
Léri–Weill Dyschondrosteosis
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Defects in Intramembranous Bone Formation
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Osteopetrosis
Metaphyseal Dysplasia (Pyle’s Disease)
Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia (Camurati–Engelmann’s Disease)
Melorheostosis (Leri’s Disease)
Osteopoikilosis
Osteopathia Striata
References
Chapter 19. Tumors of Bone
Abstract
Introduction
Primary Benign Tumors
Primary Malignant Bone Tumors
Bone Metastases
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 20. Joint Disease
Abstract
Osteoarthritis
Other Conditions With Proliferation or Eburnation
The Erosive Arthropathies
The Sero-Negative Arthropathies
The Crystal Arthropathies
Septic Arthropathy
References
Chapter 21. The Dentition: Development, Disturbances, Disease, Diet, and Chemistry
Abstract
Introduction
Dental Development
Disturbances in Dental Development
Identifying Dental Wear and Oral Disease
Interpreting Oral Health
Dental Chemistry
Dental Calculus
References
Chapter 22. Mummies and Paleopathology
Abstract
Paleopathological Examination of Mummies
Mummy Paleopathology
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23. Nonhuman Animal Paleopathology—Are We so Different?
Abstract
Introduction
Research Foci Within Nonhuman Animal Paleopathology
Areas of Departure
Areas of Commonality
Toward Closer Integration
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 24. Postscript
Abstract
The Future of Paleopathology
References
Index