Optical Techniques

Contents

Preface

Contributors to Volume I


1. Photochemistry and Luminescence

I. Principles of Photochemistry

II. Some Applications of Luminescence

III. Special Experimental Techniques

References


2. Light Scattering

I. Introduction

II. Theory of Light Scattering and Its Applications

III. Light Scattering Apparatus

IV. Experimental Procedures

References


3. Absorption Spectroscopy

I. Introduction

II. Factors Involved in Taking Data

III. Applications

References


4. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrophotometry

I. Introduction

II. Theory

III. Empirical Correlation between Molecular Structure and Absorption Spectra

IV. Instrumentation

V. Solvents

VI. Buffers for Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrophotometry

VII. Calibration of the Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer

VIII. Literature

References


5. Infrared Spectrophotometry

I. Introduction

II. Instrumentation and Techniques

III. Interpretation of Data

IV. Applications

References


6. The Light Microscope

I. The Principle of Lenses and Optical Systems

II. The Eyes and Vision

III. The Wave Nature of Light and Its Consequences

IV. The Optical and Mechanical Systems of Microscopes

V. Practical Manipulations

VI. The Interpretation of the Image

References


7. Phase and Interference Microscopy

I. Purposes of Phase and Interference Microscopy

II. Principles of Phase Microscopy

III. Useful Quantitative Relations

IV. Particles with Inclusions

V. Use of the Phase Microscope

VI. Systems for Variable Phase Microscopy

VII. Measurement of Small Opaque Particles

VIII. The Phase Vertical Illumination Microscope

IX. Phase Color Contrast

X. Interference Microscopy

References


8. Birefringence and Dichroism

I. Nature of Polarized Light

II. Production of Polarized Light

III. Origin of Birefringence and of Dichroism

IV. Experimental Techniques

References


9. Electron Microscopy

I. The Limits of Optical Observation

II. Basic Principles of Electron Microscopy

III. Practical Differences between Optical and Electron Microscopy

IV. Elements of Electron Lenses

V. The Illuminating System

VI. The Imaging System

VII. Recording the Image

VIII. Requirements for High Performance

IX. Specimen Technique: Mounting and Shadowcasting

X. Specimen Technique for Biological Material

XI. Replica Techniques for Biological Material

XII. Artifacts

XIII. Other Electronic Methods of Microscopy

References

Author Index

Subject Index