Optical Performance Monitoring

1. Optical Performance Monitoring: Perspectives and Challenges
Alan E. Willner, Xiaoxia Wu and Jeng-Yuan Yang

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Physical-Layer Measurements and Routing Decisions in Today's Optical Networks

1.3 Signal Parameters Requiring Monitoring and OPM Techniques

1.4 Laudable OPM-Enabled Functionalities in Next-Generation Optical Networks

1.5 Smart Network Operation and Security

1.6 Summary

2. Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Monitoring
Jun Haeng Lee and Yun C. Chung

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Linear Interpolation Techniques

2.3 Polarization-based Techniques

2.4 Interferometer-based Technique

2.5 Beat Noise Analysis Techniques

2.6 OSNR Estimation Technique Based on the Operating Condition of Optical Amplifiers

2.7 Summary

3. Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring
Zhongqi Pan

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Chromatic Dispersion and Its Effects on Optical Fiber Systems

3.3 Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring Techniques

3.4 Summary

4. Polarization Mode Dispersion Monitoring
Changyuan Yu

4.1 Introduction of PMD

4.2 PMD Monitoring based on Measurement of RF Tone

4.3 PMD Monitoring based on Measurement of Degree of Polarization

4.4 Electronic PMD Monitoring Techniques

4.5 Other PMD Monitoring Techniques

4.6 Summary

5. Time Misalignment Monitoring
Lian-Kuan Chen

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Monitoring of Timing Alignment

5.3 Investigation of the Effects of Timing Misalignment

5.4 Mitigation of Timing Misalignment

5.5 Summary

6. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Asynchronous Amplitude Histograms
Ruben S. Luis, Liliana Costa, António Teixeira, and Paulo André

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Monitoring Techniques Based on Analysis of Asynchronous Histograms

6.3 General Concepts on the Acquisition and Processing of Amplitude Histograms

6.4 Summary

7. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Asynchronous Delay-Tap Sampling
Trevor B. Anderson, Sarah D. Dods,, Adam Kowalczyk, Ken Clarke, Don Hewitt, and Jonathan C. Li

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Technique

7.3 Experiment

7.4 Discussion

7.5 Summary

8. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Optical Sampling
Christophe Dorrer

8.1 Introduction

8.2 LOS Principle and Properties

8.3 Implementations of LOS

8.4 Optical Performance Monitoring with LOS

8.5 Recent Results and Related Techniques

8.6 Summary

9. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on RF Pilot Tones
Paul K. J. Park and Yun C. Chung

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Performance Monitoring Techniques using AM Pilot Tones

9.3 Performance Monitoring Techniques using PM and FM Pilot Tones

9.4 Dispersion Monitoring Techniques for Adaptive Compensators

9.5 Summary

10. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Electronic Digital Signal Processing
Fabian N. Hauske and Maxim Kuschnerov

10.1 Introduction

10.2 OPM in Digital Direct Detection Systems

10.3 OPM in Digital Coherent Receivers

10.4 Summary

11. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Optical Nonlinear Effects
Daniel C. Kilper

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Nonlinear Optics

11.3 OPM Techniques Using Nonlinear Optics

11.4 Key Challenges

11.5 Summary

12. Optical Performance Monitoring of Optical Phase-Modulated Signals
Bartłomiej Kozicki

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Performance of Phase-Modulated Signals

12.3 Optical Performance Monitoring

12.4 Summary

13. Optical Performance Monitoring for Coherent Optical Systems
Yan Tang, Xingwen Yi, William Shieh

13.1 Historical Aspect of Coherent Optical Systems

13.2 Single-Carrier and Multicarrier Coherent Optical Systems

13.3 OPM Using Coherent Detection

13.4 OPM in CO-OFDM Systems

13.5 Progress in OPM for CO-OFDM Systems

13.6 OPM Experiment Results

13.7 Summary

14. Optical Performance Monitoring in Optical Transport Networks
Wolfgang Grupp

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Overview

14.3 Generic Modeling Principles for Transport Networks

14.4 Modeling of Multilayer Networks

14.5 Optical Transport Network-Layered Structure

14.6 OTN Services

14.7 Test and Measurement Tasks in Optical Networking

14.8 Optical Performance Monitoring

14.9 Implementation Issues

14.10 Future Challenges

14.11 Summary

15. Optical Performance Monitoring in Optical Long-Haul Transmission Systems
Xin Jiang

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Elements of a Long-Haul Transmission System

15.3 System Performance Measures

15.4 OPM in a Long-Haul Transmission System

15.5 Summary