Skip to main content
Elsevier

Optical Fiber Sensors for the Next Generation of Rehabilitation Robotics

  • 1st Edition - October 26, 2021
  • Latest edition
  • Authors: Arnaldo Leal-Junior, Anselmo Frizera-Neto
  • Language: English

Optical Fiber Sensors for the Next Generation of Rehabilitation Robotics presents development concepts and applications of optical fiber sensors made of compliant materials… Read more

Description

Optical Fiber Sensors for the Next Generation of Rehabilitation Robotics presents development concepts and applications of optical fiber sensors made of compliant materials in rehabilitation robotics. The book provides methods for the instrumentation of novel compliant devices. It presents the development, characterization and application of optical fiber sensors in robotics, ranging from conventional robots with rigid structures to novel wearable systems with soft structures, including smart textiles and intelligent structures for healthcare. Readers can look to this book for help in designing robotic structures for different applications, including problem-solving tactics in soft robotics.

This book will be a great resource for mechanical, electrical and electronics engineers and photonics and optical sensing engineers.

Key features

  • Addresses optical fiber sensing solutions in wearable systems and soft robotics
  • Presents developments—from foundational, to novel and future applications—of optical fiber sensors in the next generation of robotic devices
  • Provides methods for the instrumentation of novel compliant devices

Readership

Undergraduate and graduate level electronic engineers, mechanical engineers, mechatronic engineers, photonic engineers and biomedical engineers. R&D Professionals in healthcare devices, robotics and materials development. Undergraduate and graduate level electric engineers, chemistry, physicists, physiotherapists, medical doctors. Health professionals, Rehabilitation clinics

Table of contents

Preface ix

Part I

Introduction to soft robotics and rehabilitation systems

1. Introduction and overview of wearable technologies

1.1 Motivation

3

1.2 Wearable robotics and assistive devices

10

1.3 Wearable sensors and monitoring devices

14

1.4 Outline of the book

18

References

21

2. Soft wearable robots

2.1 Soft robots: definitions and (bio)medical applications

27

2.2 Soft robots for rehabilitation and functional compensation

30

2.3 Human-in-the-loop design of soft structures and healthcare systems

34

2.3.1 Human-in-the-loop systems 34

2.3.2 Human-in-the-loop applications and current trends 37

2.3.3 Human-in-the-loop design in soft wearable robots 39

2.4 Current trends and future approaches in wearable soft robots

43

References

46

3. Gait analysis: overview, trends, and challenges

3.1 Human gait

53

3.2 Gait cycle: definitions and phases

56

3.2.1 Kinematics and dynamics of human gait 57

3.3 Gait analysis systems: fixed systems and wearable sensors

58

References

61

Part II

Introduction to optical fiber sensing

4. Optical fiber fundaments and overview

4.1 Historical perspective

67

4.2 Light propagation in optical waveguides

69

4.3 Optical fiber properties and types

72

4.4 Passive and active components in optical fiber systems

76

4.4.1 Light sources 77

4.4.2 Photodetectors 77

4.4.3 Optical couplers 79

4.4.4 Optical circulators 80

4.4.5 Spectrometers and optical spectrum analyzers 81

4.5 Optical fiber fabrication and connection methods

83

4.5.1 Fabrication methods 84

4.5.2 Optical fiber connectorization approaches 87

References

89

5. Optical fiber materials

5.1 Optically transparent materials

93

5.2 Viscoelasticity overview

96

5.3 Dynamic mechanical analysis in polymer optical fibers

101

5.3.1 DMA on PMMA solid core POF 103

5.3.2 Dynamic characterization of CYTOP fibers 107

5.4 Influence of optical fiber treatments on polymer properties

111

References

115

6. Optical fiber sensing technologies

6.1 Intensity variation sensors

119

6.1.1 Macrobending sensors 120

6.1.2 Light coupling-based sensors 125

6.1.3 Multiplexed intensity variation sensors 127

6.2 Interferometers

129

6.3 Gratings-based sensors

133

6.4 Compensation techniques and cross-sensitivity mitigation in optical fiber sensors

138

References

143

Part III

Optical fiber sensors in rehabilitation systems

7. Wearable robots instrumentation

7.1 Optical fiber sensors on exoskeleton’s instrumentation

151

7.2 Exoskeleton’s angle assessment applications with intensity variation sensors

152

7.2.1 Case study: active lower limb orthosis for rehabilitation

(ALLOR) 156

7.2.2 Case study: modular exoskeleton 157

7.3 Human-robot interaction forces assessment with Fiber Bragg

Gratings

160

7.4 Interaction forces and microclimate assessment with intensity variation sensors

166

References

172

8. Smart structures and textiles for gait analysis

8.1 Optical fiber sensors for kinematic parameters assessment

175

8.1.1 Intensity variation-based sensors for joint angle

assessment 175

8.1.2 Fiber Bragg gratings sensors with tunable filter

interrogation for joint angle assessment 178

8.2 Instrumented insole for plantar pressure distribution and ground reaction forces evaluation

183

8.2.1 Fiber Bragg grating insoles 183

8.2.2 Multiplexed intensity variation-based sensors for smart

insoles 188

8.3 Spatiotemporal parameters estimation using integrated optical fiber sensors

198

References

199

9. Soft robotics and compliant actuators instrumentation

9.1 Series elastic actuators instrumentation

201

9.1.1 Torque measurement with intensity variation sensors 202

9.1.2 Torque measurement with intensity variation sensors 206

9.2 Tendon-driven actuators instrumentation

212

9.2.1 Artificial tendon instrumentation with highly flexible

optical fibers 213

References

217

Part IV

Case studies and additional applications

10. Wearable multifunctional smart textiles

10.1 Optical fiber embedded-textiles for physiological parameters monitoring

223

10.1.1 Breath and heart rates monitoring 224

10.1.2 Body temperature assessment 232

10.2 Smart textile for multiparameter sensing and activities monitoring

234

10.3 Optical fiber-embedded smart clothing for mechanical perturbation and physical interaction detection

239

References

241

11. Smart walker’s instrumentation and development with compliant optical fiber sensors

11.1 Smart walkers’ technology overview

245

11.2 Smart walker embedded sensors for physiological parameters assessment

247

11.2.1 System description 247

11.2.2 Preliminary validation 250

11.2.3 Experimental validation 252

11.3 Multiparameter quasidistributed sensing in a smart walker structure

252

11.3.1 Experimental validation 252

11.3.2 Experimental validation 256

References

260

12. Optical fiber sensors applications for human health

12.1 Robotic surgery

263

12.2 Biosensors

269

12.2.1 Introduction to biosensing 269

12.2.2 Background on optical fiber biosensing working

principles 271

12.2.3 Biofunctionalization strategies for fiber immunosensors 276

12.2.4 Immunosensing applications in medical biomarkers

detection 279

References

282

13. Conclusions and outlook

13.1 Summary

287

13.2 Final remarks and outlook

290

Index 293

Product details

  • Edition: 1
  • Latest edition
  • Published: November 2, 2021
  • Language: English

About the authors

AL

Arnaldo Leal-Junior

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior was born in Uberlandia, Brazil, in 1991. He received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Brazil, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. He is currently a professor in the mechanical engineering Department, UFES. His research interests include optical fiber sensors with emphasis on polymer optical fiber sensors, robotic systems, instrumentation and actuators.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santor (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

AF

Anselmo Frizera-Neto

Anselmo Frizera-Neto received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Espírito Santo (2006) and the PhD degree in Electronics from the Universidad de Alcalá (Spain, 2010). Between 2006 and 2010, he worked as a researcher at the Bioengineering Group at the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain). Since 2010 he is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). He served as a member of the Board of Directors of the Asociación Iberoamericana de Tecnologías de Apoyo a la Discapacidad (AITADIS) from 2014 to 2018, contributing to support the dissemination of knowledge in the area of ​​assistive technologies to countries in Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. His research interests and areas of expertise are rehabilitation robotics, development of optical and electronic sensors for human-machine interfaces, biomedical signal processing, technologies to support disabilities and assist mobility.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santor (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

View book on ScienceDirect

Read Optical Fiber Sensors for the Next Generation of Rehabilitation Robotics on ScienceDirect