List of Participants
Preface
Opening Address
An Overview of Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions
Part I DNA Replication
RNA Priming of DNA Replication
Comparison of DNA and RNA Polymerases
RNA Priming of Phage Μ13 DNA Replication, a Rifampicin-Sensitive System
RNA Priming of Phage G4, a Rifampicin-Resistant System
Priming of Phage φΧ174, a Complex, Rifampicin-Resistant System
Other DNA Replicative Systems Dependent on RNA Priming
Summary and Conclusions
References
In Vitro DNA Replication Catalyzed by Six Purified T4 Bacteriophage Proteins
Introduction
Genetic Characterization of the T4 Bacteriophage Replication System
The General Structure of a Replication Fork
Fidelity Constraints on the Mechanism
Kinetic Constraints on the Mechanism
In Vitro Results with the Replication System
Future Directions
References
Molecular Approaches to the Interaction of Nucleic Acids with "Melting" Proteins
Nucleic Acid "Melting" Proteins—Definition and Occurrence
Approaches and Objectives of Melting Protein Studies
Types of Melting Protein Systems Considered
Formaldehyde as a Melting Protein Model
General Aspects of Overlap Binding and Cooperativity
Ribonuclease as a DNA Melting Protein
Gene 32-Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions
Cooperativity, Control, and the Origins of Molecular Specificity
Physiological Function of Melting Proteins
References
Molecular Aspects of Gene 32 Expression in Escherichia coli Infected with the Bacteriophage T4
Introduction
A Summary of Experiments Done in Vivo
Recent Experiments Done in Vitro
Direct Binding Experiments with P32
Discussion: A Molecular Model for Translational Repression
References
Part II Chromatin Structure
Histone Interactions and Chromatin Structure
Introduction
Histone Interactions
Neutron Studies of Chromatin Structure
Neutron Scatter Studies of Chromatin Subunits
Neutron Diffraction of Chromatin
Discussion
References
The Linkage of Chromatin Subunits and the Role of Histone HI
Quantitative Features of the Chromatin Subunit
Location of Histone HI
Conserved Core Particle and Variable Linkage of Nucleosomes
References
The Structure of the Nucleosome: Evidence for an Arginine-Rich Histone Kernel
Text
References
Part III Transcription
Pro- and Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases
A ts Mutation Affecting the β' Subunit of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase Β (II) of Drosophila melanogaster
The Location of RNA Polymerase Β on Polytene Chromosomes
Conclusions
References
In Vitro Approaches to the Study of Adenovirus Transcription
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part IV Repressors
A Code Controlling Specific Binding of Proteins to Double-Helical DNA and RNA
Introduction
Stereochemistry of Binding of Distamycin A and Its Analogs to DNA
Structure of Stereospecific Protein Sites
Properties of the Code That Controls Specific Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions
Binding of Lac Repressor to the Lac Operator
Predictions for the Lambda Repressor and Ribosomal S8 Protein
References
Similarities between Lac Repressor and Lambda Repressor
Introduction
Large Amounts of Lac and Lambda Repressor Are Needed and Can Be Produced for Functional and Structural Analysis
Ν Terminus of Lac Repressor Binds Nonspecifically to the Backbone of DNA
The Ν Terminus of Lac Repressor Recognizes Lac Operator Specifically
Two Subunits of Lac Repressor Are Sufficient to Recognize Lac Operator
Inducer Is Bound to the Core of Lac Repressor; Induction Involves a Distortion of Residues 53 to 58
Ν Terminus of Lambda Repressor Recognizes Lambda Operator, and Lambda Repressor Core Recognizes Inducer
Sequence of the Ν Terminus of Lambda Repressor
How Lac and Lambda Repressors Recognize Their Operators
References
Part V Restriction Endonucleases
DNA Site Recognition by the EcoRI Restriction Endonuclease and Modification Methylase
Introduction
Genetics of EcoRI Restriction and Modification
Purification of the EcoRI Restriction Endonuclease and Methylase
Characterization of the EcoRI Restriction Endonuclease and Modification Methylase
Determination of the Substrate Sites for the EcoRI Endonuclease and Methylase
Specificity of Substrate Recognition
Conclusion
References
T4 Ligase Joins Flush-Ended DNA Duplexes Generated by Restriction Endonucleases
Text
References
Size of 5'-Terminal Fragments Cleaved from Poly(dG-dC) by EndoR·HhaI
Text
Reference
BamHI, HindIII, and EcoRI Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage Sites in the argECBH Region of the Escherichia coli Chromosome
Text
References
Part VI Recognition of tRNA (I)
The Molecular Structure of Transfer RNA and Its Interaction with Synthetases
Three-Dimensional Structure of Transfer RNA
References
Processing of tRNA Precursors in Escherichia coli
Monomeric tRNA Precursors Identified in an RNase Ρ Mutant
Multimeric tRNA Precursors Identified in the Mutant
Processing of Multimeric tRNA Precursors
Processing of Monomeric tRNA Precursors
Partial Purification of Processing Enzymes
Modes of Processing Reactions
The 3' Terminus of tRNA
Correlation between Processing of tRNA Precursors and Modification of Nucleosides
General Picture of Processing of tRNA Precursors in E. coli
Concluding Remarks
References
The Modified Nucleosides in Transfer RNA
Introduction
Chemical Nature of Modified Nucleosides in tRNA
Biosynthesis of Modified Nucleosides in tRNA
The Function of Modified Nucleosides in Transfer RNA
Modified Nucleosides as Tools in tRNA Research
Outlook
References
RNA Primers for the Reverse Transcriptases of RNA Tumor Viruses
Text
References
Part VII Recognition of tRNA (II)
Protein Recognition of Base Pairs in a Double Helix
Stacking Interactions Depend upon the Sequence of Purines and Pyrimidines
Intercalation Might Be Used to Discriminate Base Sequences in a Double Helix
Base Pair Recognition by Hydrogen Bonding
Two Hydrogen Bonds Are Better than One
Role of Ions in Recognition
Conclusions
References
Synthetase-tRNA Recognition
Text
References
Aminoacylation of the Ambivalent Su+7 Amber Suppressor tRNA
Introduction
A Further Test of Specificity
Origin, Purity and Heterogeneity of Su+7 tRNA
Evidence for Dual Specificity
The Kinetics of Tryptophanylation and Glutaminylation of Su+7 tRNA Are Very Similar
Does an Interaction between GRS and tRNATrp Preexist?
To What Extent Does Su+7 tRNA Accept Tryptophan in Vivo?
Implications of the Su+7 Mutation for the Selectivity of Aminoacylation
A Review of Su+3
Conclusions
Summary
References
The Interactions of Elongation Factor Tu
Introduction
Prokaryotic Elongation Factors
Eukaryotic Elongation Factors
References
Part VIII Ribosomal Interactions
Some Remarks on Recent Studies on the Assembly of Ribosomes
Introduction
In Vitro Reconstitution of 30 S Ribosomal Subunits
Requirements of the Isolated Ribosomal Components for Ribosome Assembly and Function
Role of 16 S RNA and r-Protein S12 in the Initiation of Natural mRNA
In Vitro Reconstitution of 50 S Ribosomal Subunits
Self-Assembly of Ribosomes
From Genes to Ribosomes
Concluding Remarks
References
Some Approaches for the Study of Ribosome-tRNA Interactions
Steps in Protein Synthesis
Ribosome Components Involved in tRNA Binding
Affinity Labeling Studies with Peptidyl-tRNA
Affinity Labeling with Aminoacyl-tRNA
Studies with Fluorescent tRNA Derivatives
References
RNARNA and Protein-RNA Interactions During the Initiation of Protein Synthesis
An mRNA-rRNA Complex
Secondary Structure of the Complex
Contribution of Initiation Factors and SI
mRNA Secondary Structure as a Negative Determinant in Initiation
Correlation of Complementarity with mRNA Binding?
References
Processing of the 17 S Precursor Ribosomal RNA
Text
References
Ribosomal Protein SI Alters the Ordered State of Synthetic and Natural Polynucleotides
Introduction
Results
Discussion
Summary
References
Part IX RNA Replicases and Ribonucleases
The Role of Template Structure in the Recognition Mechanism of Qß Replicase
Introduction
Recognition of MDV-1 RNA by Q0 Replicase
Localization of the MDV-1 (+) RNA Replicase Binding Site
Alterations in Nucleotide Sequence and Their Effect upon Replicase Binding
Requirements for Initiation of Synthesis
Discussions
References
Structure and Function of RNA Processing Signals
Introduction
Reactions of RNase III
A Hypothesis to Explain RNase III Action
Further Implications and Predictions of This Hypothesis
References
The Structure of Nucleic Acid-Protein Complexes as Evidenced by Dinucleotide Complexes with RNase-S
Text
References
Index