Nitric Oxide and Signaling in Plants

Chapter One. Alone NO Longer: Interactions of Nitric Oxide with Reactive Oxygen Species and Hydrogen Sulfide

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Generation and Accumulation of NO
• 3. Interactions between Reactive Mediators
• 4. NO Effects on Proteins
• 5. Conclusions

Chapter Two. S-Nitrosylation of Nuclear Proteins: New Pathways in Regulation of Gene Expression

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Regulation of Gene Expression via Modification of Signaling Pathways
• 3. Regulation of Gene Expression via Modification of Transcription Factors
• 4. Regulation of Gene Expression via Modification of Chromatin Structure
• 5. Conclusion

Chapter Three. Auxin and Nitric Oxide: A Counterbalanced Partnership Ensures the Redox Cue Control Required for Determining Root Growth Pattern

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Indole Acetic Acid Induces Oxidative Stress and NO Production
• 3. The Counterbalance Between NO and ROS Operates Downstream Auxin and Is Critic for Determining Root Architecture
• 4. Redox Regulation of Auxin Perception and Signaling
• 5. Concluding Remarks and Perspectives

Chapter Four. Control of Nitrogen Assimilation in Plants through S-nitrosothiols

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Nitrate Uptake and Transport
• 3. Nitrate Assimilation
• 4. Links between Nitrate Assimilation and Nitric Oxide Formation
• 5. Redox Signaling by NO through Protein Modification
• 6. The Role of NO in Nitrate Assimilation Pathways
• 7. Conclusions and Future Remarks

Chapter Five. Functional Implications of S-Nitrosothiols under Nitrooxidative Stress Induced by Abiotic Conditions

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Biochemistry of SNOs
• 3. Role of GSNO as Cellular Signal
• 4. Function of SNOs under Adverse Environmental Conditions
• 5. Conclusions and Perspectives

Chapter Six. Costs and Benefits of Nitric Oxide Generation in Plants Exposed to Cadmium

• 1. Introduction
• 2. NO Costs in Cadmium Stress: From Sensing to Amplifying Cd-Induced Pathology
• 3. Benefits of NO Generation: From NO Priming to Cd Tolerance
• 4. Is There Any Universality of NO Response During HM Stress?
• 5. Conclusions

Chapter Seven. Role of NO-dependent Posttranslational Modifications in Switching Metabolic Pathways

• 1. Introduction
• 2. NO in Plants: Production and Turnover
• 3. NO-Dependent PTM Regulation in Plants
• 4. Metabolic Pathways Affected by NO-Dependent PTMs
• 5. Conclusions and Future Research

Chapter Eight. The Functional Role of Nitric Oxide in Plant Mitochondrial Metabolism

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Nitric Oxide Generation in Mitochondria
• 3. Scavenging of Nitric Oxide by Mitochondria
• 4. Participation of Mitochondrial Generated Nitric Oxide in Cell Death
• 5. AOX in Mitochondria and Relation to NO
• 6. Nitrosylation and Nitration of Mitochondrial Proteins
• 7. Genes Encoding Mitochondrial Proteins Are Regulated by NO
• 8. Effect of NO on TCA Cycle via Aconitase
• 9. Increasing Energy Yield in Mitochondria Mediated by Nitrite Reduction to Nitric Oxide
• 10. Conclusion

Chapter Nine. Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in PCD Signaling

• 1. Introduction
• 2. PCD Induction by NO and/or H2O2
• 3. NO and ROS Signaling during Senescence
• 4. NO and ROS Interplay in Self-Incompatibility
• 5. NO and ROS Crosstalk during Hypersensitive Response
• 6. NO and ROS Involvement in PCD Induced by Abiotic Stress
• 7. Conclusions

Chapter Ten. Nitric Oxide: Jack-of-All-Trades of the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis?

• 1. Introduction
• 2. NO in Plant and Bacteria
• 3. NO Roles in Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis
• 4. Conclusions and Future Directions

Chapter Eleven. Nitric Oxide Signaling during the Hypersensitive Disease Resistance Response

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Origins of the NO Burst: Still Searching for an Answer
• 3. NO Signal Transduction during the HR
• 4. The Role of NO in the HR Cell Death
• 5. NO and Immunity in Plants
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter Twelve. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Chemical Signaling during Systemic Acquired Resistance

• 1. Salicylic Acid Metabolism in Relation to SAR
• 2. Free Radicals and Their Role in SAR
• 3. Relationship among Free Radicals and Other SAR Signals and Lipids
• 4. Fatty Acid Flux and SAR

Chapter Thirteen. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Development and Pathogenesis of Biotrophic Phytopathogens – Downy and Powdery Mildews

• 1. Nitric Oxide in Plant Responses to Pathogen Attack
• 2. Sources of NO in Phytopathogens
• 3. NO in the Pathogenesis of Fungal and Hemibiotrophic Phytopathogens
• 4. NO in the Pathogenesis of Downy Mildews
• 5. NO in the Pathogenesis of Powdery Mildews
• 6. Conclusions
• Conflict of Interest

Chapter Fourteen. NO and Ca2+: Critical Components of Cytosolic Signaling Systems Involved in Stomatal Immune Responses

• 1. Introduction
• 2. NO and Ca2+ Involve in Plant Innate Immunity
• 3. NO and Ca2+ Signaling in Stomatal Innate Immunity
• 4. Concluding Perspectives