Neuroradiology: Key Differential Diagnoses and Clinical Questions

2nd Edition - July 18, 2023
Imprint: Elsevier
Editors: Juan E. Small, Pamela W. Schaefer, Asha Sarma, Paul Bunch
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 4 7 6 1 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 3 8 0 6 - 1

Make efficient, accurate diagnoses and prepare for imaging exams with a multitude of differential diagnoses accompanied by hundreds of high-quality, unknown cases in… Read more

Neuroradiology: Key Differential Diagnoses and Clinical Questions

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Make efficient, accurate diagnoses and prepare for imaging exams with a multitude of differential diagnoses accompanied by hundreds of high-quality, unknown cases in neuroradiology. Neuroradiology: Key Differential Diagnoses and Clinical Questions, 2nd Edition, helps you master the skills you need for interpreting imaging of the head, neck, brain and spine for adults and children. All-new cases and extensively revised content throughout bring you up to date and equip you to reach a definitive diagnosis for common, complex, and rare cases.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Section Editors
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
How to use this book
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Part 1. Brain and Coverings
1. Computed tomography hyperdense lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
2. T1 hyperintense lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
3. Multiple susceptibility artifact lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
4. Lobar hemorrhage
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
5. Multifocal white matter lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
6. Multiple small diffuse-weighted imaging hyperintensities
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
7. Cortical restricted diffusion
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis for cortical restricted diffusion
Pearls
Future developments
Suggested readings
8. Ring-enhancing lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
9. Punctate and curvilinear enhancing foci
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
10. Leptomeningeal enhancement
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
11. Dural enhancement
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
12. Lesions containing fat
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
13. Dural-based extraaxial lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis of an enhancing dural-based mass
Pearls
Complications
Suggested readings
14. Bilateral central gray matter abnormality
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
15. Temporal lobe lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
16. Temporal lobe cystic lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
17. Multicystic lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
18. Cerebellopontine angle cisterns
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
19. Lateral ventricular lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
20. Third ventricular lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
21. Fourth ventricular lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
22. Suprasellar cystic lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
23. Pineal region
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
24. Cranial nerve lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
25. Lytic skull lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
26. Skull fracture versus sutures
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
27. Clivus lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
28. Hyperdense cerebellum
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
29. Low-lying cerebellar tonsils
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
30. T2 hyperintense pontine lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
31. Epidermoid versus arachnoid cyst
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
32. Cyst with a mural nodule
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
33. Ecchordosis physaliphora versus chordoma
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
Part 2. Spine
34. Atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial separation
Diagnosis
Background summary
Differential diagnosis
Spectrum of disease
Complications and treatment
Pearls
Suggested readings
35. Basilar invagination and platybasia
Diagnosis
Background summary
Spectrum of disease
Complications and treatment
Pearls
Suggested readings
36. Focal cord deformities
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
37. Spinal cord metabolic/demyelinating processes
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
38. Enhancing intramedullary spinal cord lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
39. Enhancing intramedullary conus lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
40. Hemorrhagic intramedullary lesion
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
41. Solitary enhancing intradural, extramedullary lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Differential diagnosis
Suggested readings
42. Multiple enhancing intradural, extramedullary lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
43. Cystic intradural extramedullary lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
44. Nerve root enlargement
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
45. Extramedullary abnormal vessels
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
46. Epidural rim-enhancing lesion
Diagnosis
Summary
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
47. Vertebral anomalies
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
48. Single aggressive vertebral body lesion
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
49. Posterior element lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
50. Multiple lytic lesions of the spine
Diagnosis
Summary/spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Signs and complications
Pearls
Suggested readings
51. Sacral masses
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
52. Disk infection versus inflammatory/degenerative changes
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
53. Vertebral compression fractures
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
Part 3. Head and Neck
54. Periauricular cystic lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
55. Cystic lateral neck masses
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
56. Infrahyoid neck cystic lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
57. Parapharyngeal space masses
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
58. Carotid space masses
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
59. Floor of mouth lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
60. Thyroglossal duct abnormalities
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
61. Primary hyperparathyroidism
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
62. Masses involving the anterior cranial fossa
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
63. Petrous apex lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
64. Lesions of the external auditory canal
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
65. Cochlear promontory lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
66. Incomplete partition and other cochlear anomalies
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
67. Lucent otic capsule lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
68. Lesions of the facial nerve
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
69. Labyrinthine enhancement
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
70. Lucent jaw lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
71. Temporomandibular joint mineralized lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
72. Jugular foramen lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
73. Optic nerve mass
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
74. Cavernous sinus masses
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
75. Dilated superior ophthalmic vein/asymmetric cavernous sinus enhancement
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
76. Adult globe lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
77. Orbital masses
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
readings
78. Lacrimal gland lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
79. Extraocular muscle enlargement
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
80. Nasal cavity masses
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
81. Solitary parotid masses
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
82. Bilateral parotid lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
83. Retropharyngeal space abnormalities
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
84. Cranial nerve denervation patterns part 1: III–VI
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
85. Cranial nerve denervation patterns part 2: VII–XII
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
Part 4. Pediatric Neuroradiology
86. Intraventricular posterior fossa tumors
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
87. Pediatric cerebellar tumors
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
88. Pediatric extraaxial posterior fossa tumors
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
89. Midline posterior fossa extraaxial cystic lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
90. Pediatric supratentorial intraaxial malignancies
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
91. Occipital cephalocele
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
92. Congenital brainstem abnormalities
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
93. Congenital cerebellar abnormalities
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
94. Holoprosencephaly
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
95. Corpus callosum abnormalities
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
96. Symmetric diffusion abnormality in an infant
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
97. Abnormal ventricular morphology
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
98. Periventricular nodularity
Diagnosis
Summary
Subependymal heterotopia
Subependymal nodules (tuberous sclerosis complex)
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Ependymal tumor metastasis
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
99. Congenital fluid-filled cranial vault
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
100. Asymmetric cerebral hemispheres
Diagnosis
Summary
Hemimegalencephaly
Rasmussen encephalitis
Sturge-weber syndrome
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
101. Cortical malformations
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
102. Hippocampal and perihippocampal lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
103. Leukodystrophies
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Selected differential diagnoses
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
104. Congenital infections
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
105. Congenital arterial anastomosis
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
106. Spinal dysraphism
Diagnosis
Summary
Differential diagnosis
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
107. Complex spinal dysraphism
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
108. Pediatric T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesion
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
109. Odontoid: Acute versus chronic fragmentation
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
110. Pediatric nasofrontal mass
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Suggested readings
111. Pediatric globe lesions
Diagnosis
Summary
Spectrum of disease
Differential diagnosis
Pearls
Signs and complications
Suggested readings
Abbreviations
Index

Juan E. Small

Juan E. Small, MD is the Section Chief of the Neuroradiology Division and the Director of Neuroimaging Education at Lahey Hospital and Medical Center in Burlington, Massachusetts. He is the lead author of Neuroradiology: Key Differential Diagnoses and Clinical Questions. Dr. Small joined Lahey in 2009 after completing his medical degree at Harvard Medical School in Boston; a Master’s in Neuroscience at the University of Oxford; a radiology residency at Brigham and Women’s Hospital; and a neuroradiology fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Dr. Small is board certified in diagnostic radiology and neuroradiology.

Affiliations and expertise

Section Chief, Neuroradiology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts

Pamela W. Schaefer

Dr. Pamela Schaefer is an associate radiologist and associate director in the Division of Neuroradiology, clinical director of MRI services in the Department of Radiology and program director of the Neuroradiology Fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Director of Neuroradiology, Clinical Director of MRI, Massachusetts General Hospital; Associate Professor of Radiology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts

Asha Sarma

Asha Sarma, MD, is a honors graduate of Dartmouth College and earned her medical degree at the University of Utah. She completed a residency in Diagnostic Radiology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, during which she served as chief resident and received a resident teaching award, and fellowships in Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology at Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Dr. Sarma joined the Vanderbilt faculty in 2018.

Paul Bunch

Paul M. Bunch, MD, is an Associate Professor of Radiology at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Before joining Wake Forest, Dr. Bunch completed his radiology residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital and his neuroradiology fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital. His primary clinical and research interests relate to head and neck imaging, including head and neck cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism, head and neck anatomy, and dual-energy CT. Dr. Bunch serves on the Editorial Board of RadioGraphics and is also actively involved with the American College of Radiology, the American Society of Neuroradiology, and the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology.

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health