Neuropsychiatric Complications of HIV
A Challenging Health Concern
- 1st Edition - November 26, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editor: Anchal Singh
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 8 8 5 1 - 4
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 8 8 5 2 - 1
Neuropsychiatric Complications of HIV: A Challenging Health Concern examines these neuropsychiatric complications prevalent in those who are HIV positive, providing clinical correl… Read more
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Request a sales quoteNeuropsychiatric Complications of HIV: A Challenging Health Concern examines these neuropsychiatric complications prevalent in those who are HIV positive, providing clinical correlation, translational significance, and details guides to neurocognitive assessment, brain imaging, and related neuropharmacology. Written for clinicians, researchers, and students working with HIV and AIDS, the book begins with the biology of HIV, a complete look at available ARTs and antibodies, as well as diagnostics tools for HIV.
It continues on to the epidemiology of NeuroAIDs and the manifestations of it—cognitive deficits, dementia, depression, agitation, psychosis, and cognitive slowing.
It continues on to the epidemiology of NeuroAIDs and the manifestations of it—cognitive deficits, dementia, depression, agitation, psychosis, and cognitive slowing.
- Includes at-a-glance flow charts for clinical strategy
- Presents review questions to enhance understanding of content
- Calls out translational significance in each chapter
- Examines ethical issues and possible solutions
- Provides an extensive list of online resources for related subject material
Neuroscientists, neurologists, physicians, clinicians, graduate students, and post-doctoral fellows
- Neuropsychiatric Complications of HIV
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 The neurobiology of human immunodeficiency virus infections
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- Introduction
- Clinical stages of HIV infection
- Group I: Primary HIV infection
- Group II: Asymptomatic phase
- Group III: Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
- Group IV: Symptomatic HIV infection
- Molecular biology of the HIV virus
- Genetic diversity and HIV clades
- HIV replication
- NeuroAIDS
- Neurotoxicity and neuro-invasion
- Factors for NeuroAIDS
- Anti-retroviral drugs
- High-risk behavior
- Co-infection and co-morbidities
- Virus-related issues
- Host-related issues
- HIV latency and reservoir
- Conclusions
- References
- Further reading
- Glossary
- Chapter 2 HIV-1-mediated neuropsychiatric complications: Diagnosis and management
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- HIV and its impact on global health
- HIV-1 infection and neuropsychiatric complications
- Mechanisms of HIV entry into the CNS
- The concept of viral reservoirs in the brain
- HIV-associated dementia
- Co-infections and development of neurophysiological disorders
- Methods for screening and diagnosis of HAND
- Anti-retroviral therapy-mediated neuropsychiatric toxicity
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Myopathy
- Lactic acidosis
- Discussion of diagnostic challenges and treatment decisions
- Diagnostic challenges
- Treatment decisions
- Mechanisms of pathogenesis
- Treatment optimization
- Precision medicine and personalized approaches
- Health disparities and social determinants
- Global perspectives and collaborative research
- Multi-disciplinary care and management
- Future directions and research
- Conclusion
- References
- Glossary
- Chapter 3 Neuropsychiatric complications among elderly people living with HIV
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgment
- Summary
- What you expect to know
- Introduction
- HIV and neuropathology
- HIV and psychoneuroimmunology
- Clinical spectrum of neuropsychiatric complications among elderly people living with HIV
- Classification and diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) phenotypes
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the nervous system (NeuroIRIS)
- NeuroAIDS
- Depressive spectrum disorder
- Mania
- Anxiety
- Psychotic disorders
- Late HIV diagnosis
- Treatment of neuropsychiatric complications among elderly patients with HIV
- The way ahead
- References
- Glossary
- Chapter 4 Epidemiology of neuropsychiatric complications in HIV
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- What you expect to know
- Introduction
- The multi-dimensional nexus of HIV and neuropsychiatric phenomena
- HIV and the brain: A molecular odyssey
- Genetic and environmental influences on cognitive risks in HIV
- Challenges and impact: Unmasking disparities in neuropsychiatric burden
- Unveiling gender disparities in HIV-related neuropsychiatric challenges
- Mechanisms and strategies: Paving the road to precision interventions
- Anti-retroviral therapy: A symphony of protection for cognitive function
- Unveiling prevalence_ Charting cognitive landscapes in the context of HIV
- Navigating early shores: Early detection, strategic interventions, and beyond
- Epilogue: Fusing scientific insight with compassionate care
- Conclusion
- Questions
- References
- Glossary
- Chapter 5 Role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) genes in neuro-HIV
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Conflict of interest
- Competing interests
- Source of funding
- Ethical clearance
- Authors’ Contribution
- Summary
- Introduction
- HIV-related proteins
- Tropism of HIV infection
- HIV and neurotoxicity
- Pathogenesis of neuro-HIV
- Development of neuro-HIV
- Role of HIV-1 Tat protein in neurodegeneration
- Diagnosis of dementia
- HIV-associated dementia
- HIV-1-associated neurological dementia
- Genetic factors
- Matrix metalloproteinases
- Structure of MMPs
- Classification of MMPs
- Genetic variation in MMPs
- TIMPs
- The association between MMPs, TIMPs, and HAND
- Genetic variation in MMPs and TIMPs genes and HAND
- Therapy
- Forthcoming prospective
- Prospect suggestions
- References
- Further readings
- Glossary
- Chapter 6 Genetics and epigenetics of NeuroAIDS
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgment
- Summary
- Introduction
- Genetic susceptibility to NeuroAIDS
- Immune-related genes
- Dopamine-related genes
- NeuroAIDS epigenetic studies
- DNA methylation
- Histone modification
- miRNA regulation
- Role of iron-mediated mitochondrial dysmetabolism in neuroHIV/AIDS patients
- Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in HAND
- HIV-associated neural tube defects in children
- WWW
- Conclusion and future perspective
- References
- Further readings
- Glossary
- Chapter 7 Dementia and HIV infection
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- What you expect to know
- A brief history and current diagnostic nomenclature of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
- Clinical manifestations and cognitive profile of dementia
- Diagnosis of HAD
- Screening tests for HAD
- Extensive neuropsychological testing
- The role of comorbidities in HAD
- Diagnostic procedures and workup
- Differential diagnosis of HAD
- Treatment of HAD
- Conclusions
- Questions
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 8 BBB and neuroinflammation
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Statements and declaration
- Summary
- Introduction
- BBB and its protective role
- BBB and its role in neuroinflammation
- Components of BBB
- Endothelial cells
- Pericytes
- Astrocytes
- Therapeutics in neuroinflammation
- Factors responsible for changing blood–brain barrier function: Development
- Nutrition
- Hypoxia
- Temperature
- Social and psychological stress
- Environmental pollution
- Effects of aging on blood–brain barrier
- Diseases and blood–brain barrier
- Alzheimer's disease and blood brain barrier
- Multiple sclerosis and blood–brain barrier
- Traumatic brain injury and blood–brain barrier
- Ischemic stroke and blood–brain barrier
- Conclusion
- References
- Further reading
- Glossary
- Chapter 9 Neurological manifestations and neuropharmacology of HIV/AIDS
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- Introduction
- Neurological manifestation due to HIV
- HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
- Aseptic meningitis
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Vacuolar myelopathy
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Myopathy
- Neuropharmacology of anti-retroviral drugs
- Neuropenetrance of anti-retroviral drugs
- CNS toxicity of ART
- Conclusion
- Essay-type questions
- Short answer questions
- World wide web resources
- References
- Glossary
- Chapter 10 Traumatic brain injury: An emerging threat for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- Introduction
- HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
- HIV proteins, neuroinflammation, and HAND
- Aberrant neuronal signaling pathways associated with HAND
- Potential risk factors for HAND
- Traumatic brain injury as a potential co-morbidity in HIV patients and emerging risk factor for neurocognitive disorder
- Mice models to study the impact of TBI and HIV infection to brain
- TBI models
- Mice models for HIV infection in the brain
- Conclusion and future perspective
- Questions
- World wide web resources
- References
- Glossary
- Chapter 11 Drosophila as a model to study NeuroHIV: Insights from sleep function
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- Introduction
- Drosophila as model systems for HIV disease
- Strengths of Drosophila as a general research model
- Sleep disturbances and HIV infection
- Sleep in the Drosophila immune system and potential applications for NeuroHIV
- NEMURI linking sleep and immune function
- Tob signaling in sleep regulation and its potential role in immune system
- Draper signaling in sleep-related neuroprotection
- Limitations of using Drosophila as a model for NeuroHIV
- Conclusion
- Questions
- World wide web resources
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 12 Human immunodeficiency virus and antibodies: Catch 22
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- Introduction
- Epitope accessibility by bnAbs
- Neutralization breadth predictors/parameters
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies from infants/children: A platform for potent neutralizers
- Elucidation of molecular pathways in attaining neutralization breadth
- HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies in clinical development/trial
- A glimpse at the history of bnAb development and their clinical utility
- Ongoing clinical trials of bnAbs
- Why bnAb combinations are preferred over their individual administration?
- Antibody engineering: New hope for future as HIV therapeutics
- Conclusion
- Questions
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 13 Elite neutralizers: An open eye for HIV vaccine development
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- Introduction
- Influence of viral diversification on bnAb selection
- Does similarity in viral variants serve a hand in vaccine design?
- Obstacles to vaccine design
- Relevance of the study of failed bnAb lineages in shaping breadth
- Exploiting previous experiences for vaccine design
- Perspective
- References
- Glossary
- Chapter 14 Neuro AIDS: Neuro-invasion and novel therapeutic approaches
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- Introduction
- Blood brain barrier: Its role in protection of CNS
- Trojan horse model: Involvement of HIV infected immune cells in CNS infection
- Factors facilitating HIV entry to CNS
- Role of viral envelope glycoprotein
- Role of the chemokine receptors
- Role of Adhesion molecules
- Role of Tight junction proteins
- Consequences of HIV entry into the CNS
- Neuroinflammation
- Neuronal injury
- Synaptic dysfunction
- Neurocognitive impairment
- Therapeutic approaches for neuro AIDS
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its limitations
- Nanotechnology-based ART delivery systems
- Dendrimers
- Liposomes
- Micelles
- Solid lipid nanoparticles
- Gene therapy using Crispr-Cas gene editing
- Crispr-Cas gene editing for targeting HIV-1 genome
- Crispr-Cas gene editing for targeting host genes
- Crispr-Cas gene editing for modulating neuroprotective or neuroregenerative genes
- Delivery of Crispr-Cas gene editing to the nervous system
- Limitations and risks of Crispr-Cas gene editing for treating neuro AIDS
- Conclusion and future directions
- References
- Glossary
- Chapter 15 HIV-1 infection-associated neurological disorders and therapeutic role of phytochemicals
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Summary
- Introduction
- HIV infection-mediated neurological disorders
- Neuropathology of AIDS
- Cells involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders
- The role of HIV-1 in the neuronal damage
- The indirect mechanisms of HIV-1 infection in the brain cells
- Opportunistic infections in brain contributing to neurodegeneration
- HIV-mediated neurological disorders
- Other neurological disorders developed due to HIV infection-mediated oxidative stress
- Treatment
- Coumarins
- Terpenes
- Lignans
- Alkaloids
- Artemisinin
- Saponins
- Withanolides
- Phenolics
- Flavonoids
- Anti-HIV activities of some medicinal plants
- Artemisia annua L.
- Astragalus membranaceus Bunge
- Calophyllum lanigerum Miq. var. austrocoriaceum (T.C. Whitmore) P.F. Stevens (Clusiaceae)
- Cassia abbreviata Oliv. Oliv., C. sieberiana D.C
- Chelidonium majus L. from the Papaveraceae family
- Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter from the Asteraceae family
- Galanthus nivalis L. from the Amaryllidaceae family
- Garcinia edulis Exell from the Clusiaceae family
- Helichrysum populifolium from the Asteraceae family
- Conclusion
- References
- Glossary
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 26, 2024
- No. of pages (Paperback): 392
- No. of pages (eBook): 400
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128188514
- eBook ISBN: 9780128188521
AS
Anchal Singh
Dr. Singh teaches biochemistry and immunology to post graduate students at Baranas Hindu University and her research interests and areas of expertise include parasite immunology, immunodiagnostics, animal cell cultures, in vitro assays, and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Her research has been funded by the Indian Department of Science and Technology and the Indian Department of Biotechnology. She has co-edited five books, authored articles for peer reviewed journals, and authored nine individual book chapters in her various research areas. Additionally, Dr. Singh is a full member of the Association of Microbiologists of India, the Society of Biological Chemists, and AIDSCON and has served as Treasurer of “National Symposium on HIV and AIDS: Biology to Bedside” held at Amity University (2012), the “International Symposium on Frontiers in Cancer Research: Prevention to Therapeutics” at Amity University (2013), and the “26th National Congress of Parasitology” held at Banaras Hindu University (2016).
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaRead Neuropsychiatric Complications of HIV on ScienceDirect