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Neonatology Questions and Controversies: Neurology
- 4th Edition - October 17, 2023
- Editors: Jeffrey M Perlman, Terrie Inder
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 0 7 7 - 0
Dr. Richard Polin’s Neonatology Questions and Controversies series highlights the toughest challenges facing physicians and care providers in clinical practice, offering… Read more
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Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect
Request a sales quoteDr. Richard Polin’s Neonatology Questions and Controversies series highlights the toughest challenges facing physicians and care providers in clinical practice, offering trustworthy guidance on up-to-date diagnostic and treatment options in the field. In each volume, renowned experts address the clinical problems of greatest concern to today’s practitioners, helping you handle difficult practice issues and provide optimal, evidence-based care to every patient.
The thoroughly updated, full-color, 4th Edition of Neurology:
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Provides a clear management strategy for common and rare neonatal neurological disorders, offering guidance based on the most up-to-date understanding of underlying pathophysiology.
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Places emphasis on controversial areas that can entail different approaches.
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Features the most current clinical information throughout, including recent trials for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, acute management of symptomatic seizures, and congenital viral meningoencephalitis: neonatal herpes simplex virus, congenital cytomegalovirus, congenital Zika, and COVID-19.
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Includes three new chapters on neurological and neurobehavioral evaluation in the neonatal period; white matter injury; and cerebellar hemorrhage in the premature infant.
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Highlights gaps in knowledge that should serve as a strong stimulus for future research.
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Utilizes a consistent chapter organization to help you find information quickly and easily, and contains numerous charts, graphs, radiographic images, and photographs throughout.
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Offers the most authoritative advice available from world-class neonatologists/neurologists who share their knowledge of new trends and developments in neonatal care.
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An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Purchase each volume individually, or get the entire 7-volume Neonatology Questions and Controversies set, which includes online access that allows you to search across all titles!
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Gastroenterology and Nutrition
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Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
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Neonatal Hemodynamics
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Infectious Disease, Immunology, and Pharmacology
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Renal, Fluid, and Electrolyte Disorders
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Neurology
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The Newborn Lung
neonatologists, neonatal nurse practitioners, pediatricians
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Other Volumes in the Neonatology Questions and Controversies Series
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Series Foreword
- Preface
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- 1. Neurological and neurobehavioral evaluation
- What skill sets do neonates possess?
- Overview of the history of neurological and neurobehavioral assessment
- The neurological exam
- Beyond the neuro exam: The neurobehavioral assessment
- The value of the bedside exam
- Choosing the right neurobehavioral assessment
- Neurobehavioral assessment training
- Tools available for the perinatal period
- Other assessments during the neonatal period
- Developmental assessments that include the birth time frame
- Beyond the neurobehavioral assessment
- Standardized assessments of oral feeding during the perinatal period
- Importance of early assessment
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 2. Cerebral circulation and hypotension in the premature infant: Diagnosis and treatment
- Key points
- Introduction
- Definition of hypotension
- Pathogenesis and diagnosis of pathologic cerebral blood flow
- Monitoring of blood pressure, systemic and organ blood flow, and cerebral function
- Treatment strategies
- Summary and recommendations
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 3. Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant
- Background
- Case history
- Neuropathology: Relevance to clinical findings
- Pathogenesis
- Periventricular white matter injury associated with IVH
- Clinical features
- Complications
- Prevention
- Postnatal factors associated with an increased risk
- Postnatal administration of medications to reduce severe IVH
- Indomethacin
- Nursing care interventions
- Outcome
- Gaps in knowledge
- Conclusions
- References
- 4. White matter injury in the premature infant
- Case history
- The scope and spectrum of white matter injury
- Diagnosis and imaging
- Pathogenesis
- Chronic diffuse WMI
- Clinical risk factors for WMI
- Outcome
- Treatment
- Gaps in knowledge
- References
- 5. Cerebellar hemorrhage in the preterm newborn
- Key points
- Case history
- Introduction
- Cerebellar development, organization, functional topography, and injury
- Preterm cerebellar hemorrhage
- Outcomes following preterm cerebellar hemorrhage
- Returning to the case
- Conclusions
- References
- 6. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus management strategies
- Case history: Infant A
- Question 1: What measurements of ventricular size are used in diagnosis of PHVD?
- Question 2: How can ventricular dilation driven by cerebrospinal fluid under pressure be distinguished from ventricular dilation due to loss of periventricular white matter?
- Question 3: How is excessive head enlargement defined?
- Question 4: How is raised intracranial pressure recognized?
- Question 5: What is infant A’s prognosis?
- Question 6: What is the mechanism of PHVD?
- Question 7: How can PHVD injure white matter?
- Question 8: What interventions have been used in PHVD? When should intervention be started and is there evidence of improved outcome?
- When should intervention be started?
- Ventriculo-subgaleal shunt
- Ventricular lavage
- Stem cell therapy
- Conclusions on clinical management
- Areas where further research is needed
- References
- 7. Recent trials for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Extending hypothermia to infants not previously studied
- Key points
- Introduction
- Rationale for further investigations of therapeutic hypothermia
- What is the optimal temperature and duration for therapeutic hypothermia?
- Does rewarming affect neuroprotection?
- How late can hypothermia be initiated?
- Should infants with mild HIE receive hypothermia therapy?
- Should hypothermia be used in preterm infants with HIE?
- How should cooling on transport be conducted?
- Is therapeutic hypothermia neuroprotective when used in low- and middle-income countries?
- Use of adjunct erythropoietin therapy: high dose erythropoietin for asphyxia and encephalopathy (HEAL) updates
- Conclusions
- References
- 8. General supportive management of the term infant with neonatal encephalopathy following intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia
- Key points
- Case history
- Introduction
- Delivery room management
- Early identification of infants at highest risk for development of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
- Supportive care
- Potential neuroprotective strategies aimed at ameliorating secondary brain injury
- Conclusions
- Gaps in knowledge
- References
- 9. Diagnosis and management of acute symptomatic seizures in neonates
- Neonatal seizures—introduction
- Diagnosis
- Seizure causes in neonates
- Seizure treatment
- Prognosis
- Conclusions
- References
- 10. Glucose and perinatal brain injury: Questions and controversies
- Introduction
- Perinatal glucose regulation
- Mechanisms underlying hypoglycemia-induced brain injury
- Hypoglycemia and neurologic markers
- Measurement of blood glucose in neonates
- Definitions of hypoglycemia
- Hypoglycemia and developmental outcomes
- Prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia
- Unanswered questions and key controversies
- Conclusions
- References
- 11. Neonatal meningitis: Current treatment options—an update
- Summary
- Question 1: What risk factors predispose this infant to have early-onset bacterial meningitis?
- Question 2: Do infants with meningitis have positive blood cultures?
- Question 3: What is the optimal evaluation for possible late-onset sepsis in preterm infants in the NICU-when should a lumbar puncture be included?
- Question 4: What factors can make a lumbar puncture be most successful?
- Question 5: What is the empirical antimicrobial choice for possible late-onset sepsis in the NICU?
- Question 6: What is the treatment of meningitis in neonates, particularly that caused by gram-negative bacilli?
- Question 7: Do intrathecal or intraventricular antibiotic treatment have a role?
- Question 8: What is the duration of treatment for meningitis in neonates?
- Question 9: When should neuroimaging be considered, and what type of examination is recommended?
- Question 10: Should other adjunctive therapies be provided to an infant with meningitis?
- Question 11: What if the infant’s CSF is abnormal but routine bacterial cultures of CSF and blood are sterile?
- Question 12: What is the outcome of meningitis in neonates?
- Conclusion
- References
- 12. Neonatal herpes simplex vi rus, congenital cytomegalovirus, congenital Zika, and congenital and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 virus infections
- Key points
- Question 1: When does infection occur?
- Congenital SARS-CoV-2 or neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Question 2: What are the risk factors for neonatal infection?
- Congenital SARS-CoV-2 or neonatal SARS-CoV-2
- Question 3: What are the clinical manifestations of neonatal infection and disease?
- Congenital SARS-CoV-2 or neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Question 4: What are the treatments and outcomes for HSV, CMV, Zika, and SARS-CoV-2 virus infections in neonates?
- Question 5: Do all infants with HSV, CMV, Zika, and SARS-CoV-2 infections have to be treated?
- Question 6: What is the appropriate diagnostic approach to an infant in whom HSV, CMV, congenital Zika, or congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection is suspected?
- Question 7: How should you monitor the response to treatment?
- Question 8: What are the biggest gaps in our current understanding of the natural history, diagnosis, and management of these infections?
- Conclusions
- References
- 13. Neonatal hypotonia and neuromuscular disorders
- Gaps in knowledge
- Introduction
- Definition of hypotonia
- Physical examination and assessment of a hypotonic child
- Differential anatomic diagnosis of hypotonia
- Common neuromuscular disorders presenting principally with hypotonia
- Muscle disorders
- Approach to hypotonia
- References
- 14. Amplitude-integrated EEG and its potential role in improving neonatal care within the NICU
- Case description (Fig. 14.1)
- Key points
- Introduction
- Amplitude-integrated EEG
- Comparison with cEEG
- Pitfalls and artifacts
- Gaps in knowledge
- Conclusion
- References
- 15. Magnetic resonance imaging—newer techniques and overall value in diagnosis and predicting long-term outcome
- Introduction
- Brain injury in the term newborn
- Cranial ultrasonography in the evaluation of perinatal asphyxia or HIE
- MR techniques in the evaluation of perinatal asphyxia or HIE
- MRI in the settings of therapeutic neonatal hypothermia
- Focal and multifocal ischemic brain necrosis without asphyxia
- MR techniques in the evaluation of focal ischemic infarction in the term newborn
- Traumatic brain lesions of the posterior fossa
- MR techniques in the evaluation of traumatic brain injury in the term newborn
- Brain injury in the preterm infant
- Cranial ultrasonography in the preterm infant
- Advanced quantitative MRI with image analysis tools
- References
- 16. Congenital heart disease: An important cause of brain injury and dysmaturation
- Key points
- Introduction
- CHD etiology and malformation grouping
- Brain dysmaturation and brain injury in CHD
- Key contributors to neurodevelopmental outcomes in CHD
- Neuroprotective strategies under investigation
- Knowledge gaps and future directions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 17. Neurodevelopmental outcomes following very preterm birth: What clinicians need to know
- Introduction
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes following very preterm birth
- Rates of impairments
- Neurodevelopmental profiles
- Developmental stability
- Changing neurodevelopmental outcomes with medical advances
- Factors contributing to variable outcomes
- Key points and recommendations
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 320
- Language: English
- Edition: 4
- Published: October 17, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323880770
JP
Jeffrey M Perlman
Affiliations and expertise
Chief, Division of Newborn Medicine, Professor of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York