Neonatal and Perinatal Nutrition, An Issue of Clinics in Perinatology

1st Edition, Volume 49-2 - June 8, 2022
Editors: Akhil Maheshwari, Jonathan R. Swanson
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 7 6 6 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 7 6 7 - 9

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editors Akhil Maheshwari and Jonathan R. Swanson bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Neonatal and Perinatal Nutritio… Read more

Neonatal and Perinatal Nutrition, An Issue of Clinics in Perinatology

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In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editors Akhil Maheshwari and Jonathan R. Swanson bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Neonatal and Perinatal Nutrition. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as nutritional assessment, genomics and nutrient needs, lipids and fatty acids, glucose homeostasis, and more.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
CME Accreditation Page
Foreword
Preface
Neonatal and Preterm Infant Growth Assessment
Key points
Introduction
What preterm infant growth should we aim for?
Preterm infant growth assessment requirements
Growth assessment in light of neonatal morbidities
Preterm growth patterns: what is usual growth and inappropriate growth and what needs to be done about it?
Assessing size at birth using growth charts
The value of assessing z-scores in preterm infants
Body mass index
Body composition
Nourishing infants based on growth patterns and infant feeding cues
Recommendations for preterm infant growth monitoring
Clinical growth monitoring
Research growth monitoring
Disclosure
Maternal Nutrition and Fetal/Infant Development
Key points
Maternal nutrition at the time of conception
Fetal nutrition in utero
Contribution of maternal dietary factors in fetal outcomes
Weight gain during pregnancy
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Human Milk Lipids Induce Important Metabolic and Epigenetic Changes in Neonates
Key points
Introduction
Human milk lipids
Signaling pathways and related mechanisms
Lipids and epigenetic changes
Lipid receptors and ligands
Clinical implications
Summary
Best practices
Author contribution
Conflicts of interest
Parenteral Nutrition
Key points
Introduction
Fluid and macronutrients
Micronutrients
Monitoring
Complications and concerns
Product shortages
Osmolarity
Transition to enteral nutrition
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Lipids and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Preterm Infants
Key points
Introduction
Maternal to fetal transfer of lipids and fatty acids
Review of recent clinical trials in enteral lipid supplementation
Derivatives of long-chain polysaturated fatty acids
Knowledge gaps and future research directions
Clinics care points
Neonatal Glucose Homeostasis
Key points
Euglycemia in the neonatal period
Hypoglycemia in the neonatal period
Hyperglycemia in the neonatal period
Clinics care points
Cerebral Effects of Neonatal Dysglycemia
Key points
Introduction
Neurologic effects of dysglycemia
Management considerations
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Enteral Nutrition: The Intricacies of Human Milk from the Immune System to the Microbiome
Key points
Introduction
Bioactive properties
Immunologic components of human milk
Pasteurized donor milk
Human milk and the microbiome
Disclosure
Human Milk Fortification: A Practical Analysis of Current Evidence
Key points
Introduction
Discussion
Clinics care points
Long-Term Impact of Early Nutritional Management
Key points
Introduction
Early growth targets and neurodevelopment
Preterm infant nutrition and neurodevelopment
Postdischarge nutritional goals in preterm infants
Potential trade-offs: risk of cardiometabolic disease in preterm infants
Summary
Clinics care points
Infant Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology of malnutrition
Diagnosis and management of acute malnutrition
Common micronutrient deficiencies in low- and middle-income countries
The first 1,000 days
Beyond the first 1,000 days: chronic diarrheal illnesses and endemic malnutrition
Future directions
Clinics care points
Nutritional Supplements to Improve Outcomes in Preterm Neonates
Key points
Introduction
Funding
Clinics care points
Evidence-Based Approaches to Successful Oral Feeding in Infants with Feeding Difficulties
Key points
Introduction
Definitions
Potential mechanisms and evidence-based assessments of infant feeding difficulties
Evidence-based models for feeding the neonatal intensive care unit infant: a holistic approach
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Short Bowel Syndrome and Dysmotility
Key points
Introduction
Physiologic Basis of the Motility of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Motility of the gastrointestinal tract
Pathologic basis of motility disorders in short bowel syndrome
Investigations of motility disorders in short bowel syndrome
Treatment of motility disorders in short bowel syndrome
Medical therapies in hypomotility states in short bowel syndrome
Medical therapies in hypermotility states in short bowel syndrome
Best practices
Malabsorption Syndromes and Food Intolerance
Key points
Introduction
Definitions
Clinical signs and symptoms of malabsorption and food protein-induced gastrointestinal disease
Food protein-induced gastrointestinal disease
Physiology of digestion
Osmotic diarrhea
Secretory diarrhea
Electrolyte transport defects
Enterocyte abnormalities
Summary
Nutritional Management of Short Bowel Syndrome
Key points
Introduction
Clinical manifestations in short bowel syndrome
The goals of intestinal rehabilitation
Nutritional Strategies of Short Bowel Syndrome
Supportive strategies in the management of Short Bowel Syndrome