Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 2-Volume Set

VOLUME 1

PART I

The Field of Pediatrics

1 OVERVIEW OF PEDIATRICS

2 QUALITY AND SAFETY IN HEALTHCARE FOR CHILDREN

3 ETHICS IN PEDIATRIC CARE

4 CULTURAL ISSUES IN PEDIATRIC CARE

5 MAXIMIZING CHILDREN’S HEALTH: SCREENING, ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE, AND COUNSELING

PART II

Growth, Development, and Behavior

6 OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY

7 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: DOMAINS AND THEORIES

8 ASSESSMENT OF FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

9 THE NEWBORN

10 THE FIRST YEAR

11 THE SECOND YEAR

12 THE PRESCHOOL YEARS

13 MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

14 ADOLESCENCE

15 ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH

16 DEVELOPMENTAL-BEHAVIORAL SCREENING AND SURVEILLANCE

17 CHILDCARE: HOW PEDIATRICIANS CAN SUPPORT CHILDREN AND FAMILIES

18 LOSS, SEPARATION, AND BEREAVEMENT

19 SLEEP MEDICINE

PART III

Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders

20 ASSESSMENT AND INTERVIEWING

21 PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

22 SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS

23 RUMINATION AND PICA

24 MOTOR DISORDERS AND HABITS

25 ANXIETY DISORDERS

26 MOOD DISORDERS

27 SUICIDE AND ATTEMPTED SUICIDE

28 EATING DISORDERS

29 DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL, AND CONDUCT DISORDERS

30 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

31 CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSES

PART IV

Learning Disorders

32 NEURODEVELOPMENTAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION IN THE SCHOOL-AGE CHILD

33 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

34 DYSLEXIA

35 LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

36 INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

PART V

Children with Special Needs

37 ADOPTION

38 FOSTER AND KINSHIP CARE

39 IMPACT OF VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN

40 ABUSED AND NEGLECTED CHILDREN

41 FAILURE TO THRIVE

42 CHRONIC ILLNESS IN CHILDHOOD

43 PEDIATRIC PALLIATIVE CARE

PART VI

Nutrition

44 NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

45 FEEDING HEALTHY INFANTS, CHILDREN, AND ADOLESCENTS

46 NUTRITION, FOOD SECURITY, AND HEALTH

47 OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

48 VITAMIN A DEFICIENCIES AND EXCESS

49 VITAMIN B COMPLEX DEFICIENCIES AND EXCESS

50 VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)

51 RICKETS AND HYPERVITAMINOSIS D

52 VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY

53 VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY

54 MICRONUTRIENT MINERAL DEFICIENCIES

PART VII

Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

55 ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE DISORDERS

56 MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT THERAPY

57 DEFICIT THERAPY

58 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC DISORDERS

PART VIII

Pediatric Drug Therapy

59 PEDIATRIC PHARMACOGENETICS, PHARMACOGENOMICS, AND PHARMACOPROTEOMICS

60 PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY

61 ANESTHESIA, PERIOPERATIVE CARE, AND SEDATION

62 PEDIATRIC PAIN MANAGEMENT

63 POISONING

64 COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE

PART IX

The Acutely Ill Child

65 EVALUATION OF THE SICK CHILD IN THE OFFICE AND CLINIC

66 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN

67 PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES AND RESUSCITATION

68 NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCIES AND STABILIZATION

69 SYNCOPE

70 SHOCK

71 RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AND FAILURE

72 ACUTE CARE OF THE VICTIM OF MULTIPLE TRAUMA

73 ALTITUDE-ASSOCIATED ILLNESS IN CHILDREN (ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS)

74 DROWNING AND SUBMERSION INJURY

75 BURN INJURIES

76 COLD INJURIES

PART X

Human Genetics

77 INTEGRATION OF GENETICS INTO PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

78 THE GENETIC APPROACH IN PEDIATRIC MEDICINE

79 THE HUMAN GENOME

80 PATTERNS OF GENETIC TRANSMISSION

81 CYTOGENETICS

82 GENETICS OF COMMON DISORDERS

83 GENETIC APPROACHES TO RARE AND UNDIAGNOSED DISEASES

PART XI

Metabolic Disorders

84 AN APPROACH TO INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM

85 DEFECTS IN METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS

86 DEFECTS IN METABOLISM OF LIPIDS

87 DEFECTS IN METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES

88 MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSES

89 DISORDERS OF PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM

90 HUTCHINSON-GILFORD PROGERIA SYNDROME

91 THE PORPHYRIAS

92 HYPOGLYCEMIA

PART XII

The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant

93 OVERVIEW OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY

94 THE NEWBORN INFANT

95 HIGH-RISK PREGNANCIES

96 THE FETUS

97 THE HIGH-RISK INFANT

98 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASES IN THE NEWBORN PERIOD

99 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

100 DELIVERY ROOM EMERGENCIES

101 RESPIRATORY TRACT DISORDERS

102 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS

103 BLOOD DISORDERS

104 GENITOURINARY SYSTEM

105 THE UMBILICUS

106 METABOLIC DISTURBANCES

107 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

108 DYSMORPHOLOGY

109 INFECTIONS OF THE NEONATAL INFANT

PART XIII

Adolescent Medicine

110 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

111 THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH PROBLEMS

112 DELIVERY OF HEALTHCARE TO ADOLESCENTS

113 VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

114 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

115 THE BREAST

116 MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS

117 CONTRACEPTION

118 ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

119 ADOLESCENT RAPE

120 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

121 CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME

Immunology

Section 1 EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

122 EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED IMMUNODEFICIENCY

Section 2 THE T-, B-, AND NK-CELL SYSTEMS

123 T LYMPHOCYTES, B LYMPHOCYTES, AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS

124 PRIMARY DEFECTS OF ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

125 PRIMARY DEFECTS OF CELLULAR  IMMUNITY

126 PRIMARY COMBINED ANTIBODY AND CELLULAR IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

Section 3 THE PHAGOCYTIC SYSTEM

127 NEUTROPHILS

128 MONOCYTES, MACROPHAGES, AND DENDRITIC CELLS

129 EOSINOPHILS

130 DISORDERS OF PHAGOCYTE FUNCTION

131 LEUKOPENIA

132 LEUKOCYTOSIS

Section 4 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

133 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

134 DISORDERS OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

Section 5 HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

135 PRINCIPLES AND CLINICAL INDICATIONS OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

136 HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FROM ALTERNATIVE SOURCES AND DONORS

137 GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE, REJECTION, AND VENOOCCLUSIVE DISEASE

138 INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

139 LATE EFFECTS OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

PART XV

Allergic Disorders

140 ALLERGY AND THE IMMUNOLOGIC BASIS OF ATOPIC DISEASE

141 DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGIC DISEASE

142 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASE

143 ALLERGIC RHINITIS

144 CHILDHOOD ASTHMA

145 ATOPIC DERMATITIS (ATOPIC ECZEMA)

146 INSECT ALLERGY

147 OCULAR ALLERGIES

148 URTICARIA (HIVES) AND ANGIOEDEMA

149 ANAPHYLAXIS

150 SERUM SICKNESS

151 FOOD ALLERGY AND ADVERSE REACTIONS TO FOODS

152 ADVERSE REACTIONS TO DRUGS

Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood

153 EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED RHEUMATIC DISEASE

154 TREATMENT OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES

155 JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

156 ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS AND OTHER SPONDYLOARTHRITIDES

157 REACTIVE AND POSTINFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS

158 SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

159 JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS

160 SCLERODERMA AND RAYNAUD PHENOMENON

161 BEHÇET DISEASE

162 SJÖGREN SYNDROME

163 HEREDITARY PERIODIC FEVER SYNDROMES AND OTHER SYSTEMIC AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES

164 AMYLOIDOSIS

165 SARCOIDOSIS

166 KAWASAKI DISEASE

167 VASCULITIS SYNDROMES

168 MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN SYNDROMES

169 MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ARTHRITIS

PART XVII

Infectious Diseases

Section 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

170 DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY

171 THE MICROBIOME AND PEDIATRIC HEALTH

Section 2 PREVENTIVE MEASURES

172 IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES

173 INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

174 CHILDCARE AND COMMUNICABLE  DISEASES

175 HEALTH ADVICE FOR CHILDREN TRAVELING INTERNATIONALLY

176 FEVER

177 FEVER WITHOUT A FOCUS

178 INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSONS

179 INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH MEDICAL DEVICES

Section 3 ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

180 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY

Section 4 GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

181 STAPHYLOCOCCUS

182 STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE (PNEUMOCOCCUS)

183 GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS

184 GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS

185 NON–GROUP A OR B STREPTOCOCCI

186 ENTEROCOCCUS

187 DIPHTHERIA (CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE)

188 LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

189 ACTINOMYCES

190 NOCARDIA

Section 5 GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

191 NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS (MENINGOCOCCUS)

192 NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE (GONOCOCCUS)

193 KINGELLA KINGAE

194 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

195 CHANCROID (HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI)

196 MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS

197 PERTUSSIS (BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS AND BORDETELLA PARAPERTUSSIS)

198 SALMONELLA

199 SHIGELLA

200 ESCHERICHIA COLI

201 CHOLERA

202 CAMPYLOBACTER

203 YERSINIA

204 AEROMONAS AND PLESIOMONAS

205 PSEUDOMONAS, BURKHOLDERIA, AND STENOTROPHOMONAS

206 TULAREMIA (FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS)

207 BRUCELLA

208 LEGIONELLA

209 BARTONELLA

Section 6 ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

210 BOTULISM (CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM)

211 TETANUS (CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI)

212 CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION

213 OTHER ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS

Section 7 MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS

214 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL THERAPY

215 TUBERCULOSIS (MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS)

216 HANSEN DISEASE (MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE)

217 NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA

Section 8 SPIROCHETAL INFECTIONS

218 SYPHILIS (TREPONEMA PALLIDUM)

219 NONVENEREAL TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS

220 LEPTOSPIRA

221 RELAPSING FEVER (BORRELIA)

222 LYME DISEASE (BORRELIA BURGDORFERI)

Section 9 MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS

223 MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE,

224 GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS (MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS, MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM, AND UREAPLASMA

UREALYTICUM)

Section 10 CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS

225 CHLAMYDIA (CHLAMYDOPHILA) PNEUMONIAE

226 CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS

227 PSITTACOSIS (CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI)

Section 11 RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS

228 SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIOSES

229 SCRUB TYPHUS (ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI)

230 TYPHUS GROUP RICKETTSIOSES,

231 EHRLICHIOSIS AND ANAPLASMOSIS

232 Q FEVER (COXIELLA BURNETII)

Section 12 FUNGAL INFECTIONS

233 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY

234 CANDIDA

235 CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

236 MALASSEZIA

237 ASPERGILLUS

238 HISTOPLASMOSIS (HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM)

239 BLASTOMYCOSIS (BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS)

240 COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS (COCCIDIOIDES SPECIES)

241 PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRASILIENSIS

242 SPOROTRICHOSIS (SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII)

243 ZYGOMYCOSIS (MUCORMYCOSIS)

244 PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI

Section 13 VIRAL INFECTIONS

245 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY

246 MEASLES

247 RUBELLA

248 MUMPS

249 POLIOVIRUSES

250 NONPOLIO ENTEROVIRUSES

251 PARVOVIRUSES

252 HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

253 VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS

254 EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

255 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

256 ROSEOLA (HUMAN HERPESVIRUSES 6 AND 7)

257 HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8

258 INFLUENZA VIRUSES

259 PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES

260 RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS

261 HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS

262 ADENOVIRUSES

263 RHINOVIRUSES

264 CORONAVIRUSES

265 ROTAVIRUSES, CALICIVIRUSES, AND ASTROVIRUSES

266 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES

267 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS IN NORTH AMERICA

268 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS OUTSIDE NORTH AMERICA

269 DENGUE FEVER AND DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

270 YELLOW FEVER

271 EBOLA AND OTHER VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS

272 LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS

273 HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME

274 RABIES

275 POLYOMAVIRUSES

276 ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS)

277 HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUSES (1 AND 2)

278 TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES

Section 14 ANTIPARASITIC THERAPY

279 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIPARASITIC THERAPY

Section 15 PROTOZOAN DISEASES

280 PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS

281 AMEBIASIS

282 GIARDIASIS AND BALANTIDIASIS

283 CRYPTOSPORIDIUM, ISOSPORA, CYCLOSPORA, AND MICROSPORIDIA

284 TRICHOMONIASIS (TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS)

285 LEISHMANIASIS (LEISHMANIA)

286 AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (SLEEPING SICKNESS; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI COMPLEX)

287 AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (CHAGAS DISEASE; TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI)

288 MALARIA (PLASMODIUM)

289 BABESIOSIS (BABESIA)

290 TOXOPLASMOSIS (TOXOPLASMA GONDII)

Section 16 HELMINTHIC DISEASES

291 ASCARIASIS (ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES)

292 HOOKWORMS (NECATOR AMERICANUS AND ANCYLOSTOMA SPP.)

293 TRICHURIASIS (TRICHURIS TRICHIURA)

294 ENTEROBIASIS (ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS)

295 STRONGYLOIDIASIS (STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS)

296 LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS (BRUGIA MALAYI, BRUGIA TIMORI, AND WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI), 1739

297 OTHER TISSUE NEMATODES

298 TOXOCARIASIS (VISCERAL AND OCULAR LARVA MIGRANS)

299 TRICHINELLOSIS (TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS)

300 SCHISTOSOMIASIS (SCHISTOSOMA)

301 FLUKES (LIVER, LUNG, AND INTESTINAL)

302 ADULT TAPEWORM INFECTIONS

303 CYSTICERCOSIS

304 ECHINOCOCCOSIS (ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS AND ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS)

VOLUME 2

PART XVIII

The Digestive System

Section 1 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE

305 NORMAL DIGESTIVE TRACT PHENOMENA

306 MAJOR SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT DISORDERS

Section 2 THE ORAL CAVITY

307 DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF THE TEETH

308 DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER CONDITIONS

309 MALOCCLUSION

310 CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

311 SYNDROMES WITH ORAL MANIFESTATIONS

312 DENTAL CARIES

313 PERIODONTAL DISEASES

314 DENTAL TRAUMA

315 COMMON LESIONS OF THE ORAL SOFT TISSUES

316 DISEASES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS AND JAWS

317 DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY IN DENTAL ASSESSMENT

Section 3 THE ESOPHAGUS

318 EMBRYOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND FUNCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS

319 CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

320 OBSTRUCTING AND MOTILITY DISORDERS OF THE ESOPHAGUS

321 DYSMOTILITY

322 HIATAL HERNIA

323 GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

324 EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS AND NON–GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE ESOPHAGITIS

325 ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION

326 ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

327 INGESTIONS

Section 4 STOMACH AND INTESTINES

328 NORMAL DEVELOPMENT, STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION

329 PYLORIC STENOSIS AND OTHER CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE STOMACH

330 INTESTINAL ATRESIA, STENOSIS, AND MALROTATION

331 INTESTINAL DUPLICATIONS, MECKEL DIVERTICULUM, AND OTHER REMNANTS OF THE OMPHALOMESENTERIC DUCT

332 MOTILITY DISORDERS AND HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE

333 ILEUS, ADHESIONS, INTUSSUSCEPTION, AND CLOSED-LOOP OBSTRUCTIONS

335 PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE IN CHILDREN

336 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

337 EOSINOPHILIC GASTROENTERITIS

338 DISORDERS OF MALABSORPTION

339 INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION IN CHILDREN WITH INTESTINAL FAILURE

340 ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IN CHILDREN

341 CHRONIC DIARRHEA

342 FUNCTIONAL ABDOMINAL PAIN (NONORGANIC CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN)

343 ACUTE APPENDICITIS

344 SURGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ANUS AND RECTUM

345 TUMORS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT

346 INGUINAL HERNIAS

Section 5 EXOCRINE PANCREAS

347 EMBRYOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND PHYSIOLOGY

348 PANCREATIC FUNCTION TESTS

349 DISORDERS OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS

350 TREATMENT OF PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY

351 PANCREATITIS

352 PSEUDOCYST OF THE PANCREAS

353 PANCREATIC TUMORS

Section 6 THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM

354 MORPHOGENESIS OF THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM

355 MANIFESTATIONS OF LIVER DISEASE

356 CHOLESTASIS

357 METABOLIC DISEASES OF THE LIVER

358 VIRAL HEPATITIS

359 LIVER ABSCESS

360 LIVER DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC DISORDERS

361 MITOCHONDRIAL HEPATOPATHIES

362 AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS

363 DRUG- AND TOXIN-INDUCED LIVER INJURY

364 FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE

365 CYSTIC DISEASES OF THE BILIARY TRACT AND LIVER

366 DISEASES OF THE GALLBLADDER

367 PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND VARICES

368 LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Section 7 PERITONEUM

369 MALFORMATIONS

370 ASCITES

371 PERITONITIS

372 EPIGASTRIC HERNIA

PART XIX

Respiratory System

Section 1 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION

373 RESPIRATORY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND REGULATION

374 DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO RESPIRATORY DISEASE

375 SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

Section 2 DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

376 CONGENITAL DISORDERS OF THE NOSE

377 ACQUIRED DISORDERS OF THE NOSE

378 NASAL POLYPS

379 THE COMMON COLD

380 SINUSITIS

381 ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

382 RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS, LATERAL PHARYNGEAL (PARAPHARYNGEAL) ABSCESS, AND PERITONSILLAR CELLULITIS/ABSCESS

383 TONSILS AND ADENOIDS

384 CHRONIC OR RECURRENT RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS

385 ACUTE INFLAMMATORY UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (CROUP, EPIGLOTTITIS, LARYNGITIS, AND BACTERIAL TRACHEITIS)

387 FOREIGN BODIES IN THE AIRWAY

388 LARYNGOTRACHEAL STENOSIS AND SUBGLOTTIC STENOSIS

389 BRONCHOMALACIA AND TRACHEOMALACIA

390 NEOPLASMS OF THE LARYNX, TRACHEA, AND BRONCHI

391 WHEEZING, BRONCHIOLITIS, AND BRONCHITIS

392 EMPHYSEMA AND OVERINFLATION

393 α1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY AND EMPHYSEMA

394 OTHER DISTAL AIRWAY DISEASES

395 CONGENITAL DISORDERS OF THE LUNG

396 PULMONARY EDEMA

397 ASPIRATION SYNDROMES

398 CHRONIC RECURRENT ASPIRATION

399 IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASE

400 COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

401 BRONCHIECTASIS

402 PULMONARY ABSCESS

403 CYSTIC FIBROSIS

404 PRIMARY CILIARY DYSKINESIA (IMMOTILE CILIA SYNDROME, KARTAGENER SYNDROME)

405 DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD

406 PULMONARY HEMOSIDEROSIS

407 PULMONARY EMBOLISM, INFARCTION, AND HEMORRHAGE

408 ATELECTASIS

409 PULMONARY TUMORS

410 PLEURISY, PLEURAL EFFUSIONS, AND EMPYEMA

411 PNEUMOTHORAX

412 PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM

413 HYDROTHORAX

414 HEMOTHORAX

415 CHYLOTHORAX

416 BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA

417 SKELETAL DISEASES INFLUENCING PULMONARY FUNCTION

418 CHRONIC SEVERE RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY

419 EXTRAPULMONARY DISEASES WITH PULMONARY MANIFESTATIONS

PART XX

The Cardiovascular System

Section 1 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

420 CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT

421 THE FETAL TO NEONATAL CIRCULATORY TRANSITION

Section 2 EVALUATION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

422 HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

423 LABORATORY EVALUATION

Section 3 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

424 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETIC BASIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

425 EVALUATION AND SCREENING OF THE INFANT OR CHILD WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

426 ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE:  LEFT-TO-RIGHT SHUNT LESIONS

427 ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: OBSTRUCTIVE LESIONS

428 ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: REGURGITANT LESIONS

429 CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: EVALUATION OF THE CRITICALLY ILL NEONATE WITH CYANOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

430 CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART LESIONS: LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW

431 CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW

432 OTHER CONGENITAL HEART AND VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS

433 PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

434 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Section 4 CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS

435 DISTURBANCES OF RATE AND RHYTHM OF THE HEART

436 SUDDEN DEATH

Section 5 ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE

437 INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

438 RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

Section 6 DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM AND PERICARDIUM

439 DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM

440 DISEASES OF THE PERICARDIUM

441 TUMORS OF THE HEART

Section 7 CARDIAC THERAPEUTICS

442 HEART FAILURE

443 PEDIATRIC HEART AND HEART-LUNG TRANSPLANTATION

Section 8 DISEASES OF THE PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM

444 DISEASES OF THE BLOOD VESSELS (ANEURYSMS AND FISTULAS)

445 SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION

PART XXI

Diseases of the Blood

Section 1 THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM

446 DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM

447 THE ANEMIAS

Section 2 ANEMIAS OF INADEQUATE PRODUCTION

448 CONGENITAL HYPOPLASTIC ANEMIA (DIAMONDBLACKFAN ANEMIA)

449 PEARSON SYNDROME

450 ACQUIRED PURE RED BLOOD CELL ANEMIA

451 ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND RENAL DISEASE

452 CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIAS

453 PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA OF INFANCY

454 MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIAS

455 IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

456 OTHER MICROCYTIC ANEMIAS

Section 3 HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS

457 DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS

458 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS

459 HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS

460 HEREDITARY STOMATOCYTOSIS

461 PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA AND ACANTHOCYTOSIS

462 HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES

463 ENZYMATIC DEFECTS

464 HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS RESULTING FROM EXTRACELLULAR FACTORS—IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS

465 HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS SECONDARY TO OTHER EXTRACELLULAR FACTORS

Section 4 POLYCYTHEMIA (ERYTHROCYTOSIS)

466 POLYCYTHEMIA

467 NON-CLONAL POLYCYTHEMIA

Section 5 THE PANCYTOPENIAS

468 THE INHERITED PANCYTOPENIAS

469 THE ACQUIRED PANCYTOPENIAS

Section 6 BLOOD COMPONENT TRANSFUSIONS

470 RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSIONS AND ERYTHROPOIETIN THERAPY

471 PLATELET TRANSFUSIONS

472 NEUTROPHIL (GRANULOCYTE) TRANSFUSIONS

473 PLASMA TRANSFUSIONS

474 RISKS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS

Section 7 HEMORRHAGIC AND THROMBOTIC DISEASES

475 HEMOSTASIS

476 HEREDITARY CLOTTING FACTOR DEFICIENCIES (BLEEDING DISORDERS)

477 VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE

478 HEREDITARY PREDISPOSITION TO THROMBOSIS

479 THROMBOTIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN

480 POSTNEONATAL VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY

481 LIVER DISEASE

482 ACQUIRED INHIBITORS OF COAGULATION

483 DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION

484 PLATELET AND BLOOD VESSEL DISORDERS

Section 8 THE SPLEEN

485 ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN

486 SPLENOMEGALY

487 HYPOSPLENISM, SPLENIC TRAUMA, AND SPLENECTOMY

Section 9 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

488 ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

489 ABNORMALITIES OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS

490 LYMPHADENOPATHY

PART XXII

Cancer and Benign Tumors

491 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT CANCER

492 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER

493 PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS

494 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT

495 THE LEUKEMIAS

496 LYMPHOMA

497 BRAIN TUMORS IN CHILDHOOD

498 NEUROBLASTOMA

499 NEOPLASMS OF THE KIDNEY

500 SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS

501 NEOPLASMS OF BONE

502 RETINOBLASTOMA

503 GONADAL AND GERM CELL NEOPLASMS

504 NEOPLASMS OF THE LIVER

505 BENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS

506 RARE TUMORS

507 HISTIOCYTOSIS SYNDROMES OF CHILDHOOD

PART XXIII

Nephrology

Section 1 GLOMERULAR DISEASE

508 INTRODUCTION TO GLOMERULAR DISEASES

Section 2 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH HEMATURIA

509 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE CHILD WITH HEMATURIA

510 ISOLATED GLOMERULAR DISEASES WITH RECURRENT GROSS HEMATURIA

511 GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIONS

512 MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY

513 MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

514 GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

515 HENOCH-SCHÖNLEIN PURPURA NEPHRITIS

516 RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE (CRESCENTIC) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

517 GOODPASTURE DISEASE

518 HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME

519 UPPER URINARY TRACT CAUSES OF HEMATURIA

520 HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES CAUSING HEMATURIA

521 ANATOMIC ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HEMATURIA

522 LOWER URINARY TRACT CAUSES OF HEMATURIA

Section 3 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH PROTEINURIA

523 INTRODUCTION TO THE CHILD WITH PROTEINURIA

524 TRANSIENT PROTEINURIA

525 ORTHOSTATIC (POSTURAL) PROTEINURIA

526 FIXED PROTEINURIA

527 NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Section 4 TUBULAR DISORDERS

528 TUBULAR FUNCTION

529 RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS

530 NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS

531 BARTTER AND GITELMAN SYNDROMES AND OTHER INHERITED TUBULAR TRANSPORT ABNORMALITIES

532 TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

Section 5 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

533 TOXIC NEPHROPATHY

534 CORTICAL NECROSIS

535 RENAL FAILURE

536 RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

PART XXIV

Urologic Disorders in Infants and Children

537 CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND DYSGENESIS OF THE KIDNEYS

538 URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

539 VESICOURETERAL REFLUX

540 OBSTRUCTION OF THE URINARY TRACT

541 ANOMALIES OF THE BLADDER

542 NEUROPATHIC BLADDER

543 ENURESIS AND VOIDING DYSFUNCTION

544 ANOMALIES OF THE PENIS AND URETHRA

545 DISORDERS AND ANOMALIES OF THE SCROTAL CONTENTS

546 TRAUMA TO THE GENITOURINARY TRACT

547 URINARY LITHIASIS

PART XXV

Gynecologic Problems of Childhood

548 HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

549 VULVOVAGINITIS

550 BLEEDING

551 BREAST CONCERNS

552 POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND HIRSUTISM

553 NEOPLASMS AND ADOLESCENT SCREENING FOR HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

554 VULVOVAGINAL AND MÜLLERIAN ANOMALIES

555 GYNECOLOGIC CARE FOR GIRLS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

PART XXVI

The Endocrine System

Section 1 DISORDERS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND

556 HORMONES OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY

557 HYPOPITUITARISM

558 DIABETES INSIPIDUS

559 OTHER ABNORMALITIES OF ARGININE VASOPRESSIN METABOLISM AND ACTION

560 HYPERPITUITARISM, TALL STATURE, AND OVERGROWTH SYNDROMES

561 PHYSIOLOGY OF PUBERTY

562 DISORDERS OF PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT

Section 2 DISORDERS OF THE THYROID GLAND

563 THYROID DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY

564 DEFECTS OF THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN

565 HYPOTHYROIDISM

566 THYROIDITIS

567 GOITER

568 HYPERTHYROIDISM

569 CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID

Section 3 DISORDERS OF THE PARATHYROID GLAND

570 HORMONES AND PEPTIDES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS AND BONE METABOLISM

571 HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

572 PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM (ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY)

573 HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Section 4 DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

574 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

575 ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY

576 CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA AND RELATED DISORDERS

577 CUSHING SYNDROME

578 PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM

579 ADRENOCORTICAL TUMORS

580 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

581 ADRENAL MASSES

Section 5 DISORDERS OF THE GONADS

582 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE GONADS

583 HYPOFUNCTION OF THE TESTES

584 PSEUDOPRECOCITY RESULTING FROM TUMORS OF THE TESTES

585 GYNECOMASTIA

586 HYPOFUNCTION OF THE OVARIES

587 PSEUDOPRECOCITY RESULTING FROM LESIONS OF THE OVARY

588 DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT

Section 6 DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN

589 DIABETES MELLITUS

PART XXVII

The Nervous System

590 NEUROLOGIC EVALUATION

591 CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

592 DEFORMATIONAL PLAGIOCEPHALY

593 SEIZURES IN CHILDHOOD

594 CONDITIONS THAT MIMIC SEIZURES

595 HEADACHES

596 NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROMES

597 MOVEMENT DISORDERS

598 ENCEPHALOPATHIES

599 NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD

600 DEMYELINATING DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

601 PEDIATRIC STROKE

602 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULITIS

603 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS

604 BRAIN ABSCESS

605 IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION/PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI

606 SPINAL CORD DISORDERS

PART XXVIII

Neuromuscular Disorders

607 EVALUATION AND INVESTIGATION

608 DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF MUSCLE

609 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES

610 ENDOCRINE AND TOXIC MYOPATHIES

611 METABOLIC MYOPATHIES

612 DISORDERS OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION AND OF MOTOR NEURONS

613 HEREDITARY MOTOR-SENSORY NEUROPATHIES

614 TOXIC NEUROPATHIES

615 AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHIES

616 GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME

617 BELL PALSY

PART XXIX

Disorders of the Eye

618 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

619 EXAMINATION OF THE EYE

620 ABNORMALITIES OF REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION

621 DISORDERS OF VISION

622 ABNORMALITIES OF PUPIL AND IRIS

623 DISORDERS OF EYE MOVEMENT AND ALIGNMENT

624 ABNORMALITIES OF THE LIDS

625 DISORDERS OF THE LACRIMAL SYSTEM

626 DISORDERS OF THE CONJUNCTIVA

627 ABNORMALITIES OF THE CORNEA

628 ABNORMALITIES OF THE LENS

629 DISORDERS OF THE UVEAL TRACT

630 DISORDERS OF THE RETINA AND VITREOUS

631 ABNORMALITIES OF THE OPTIC NERVE

632 CHILDHOOD GLAUCOMA

633 ORBITAL ABNORMALITIES

634 ORBITAL INFECTIONS

635 INJURIES TO THE EYE

PART XXX

The Ear

636 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EVALUATION

637 HEARING LOSS

638 CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS

639 EXTERNAL OTITIS (OTITIS EXTERNA)

640 OTITIS MEDIA

641 THE INNER EAR AND DISEASES OF THE BONY LABYRINTH

642 TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE EAR AND TEMPORAL BONE

643 TUMORS OF THE EAR AND TEMPORAL BONE

PART XXXI

The Skin

644 MORPHOLOGY OF THE SKIN

645 EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT

646 PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY

647 DISEASES OF THE NEONATE

648 CUTANEOUS DEFECTS

649 ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIAS

650 VASCULAR DISORDERS

651 CUTANEOUS NEVI

652 HYPERPIGMENTED LESIONS

653 HYPOPIGMENTED LESIONS

654 VESICULOBULLOUS DISORDERS

655 ECZEMATOUS DISORDERS

656 PHOTOSENSITIVITY

657 DISEASES OF THE EPIDERMIS

658 DISORDERS OF KERATINIZATION

659 DISEASES OF THE DERMIS

660 DISEASES OF SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

661 DISORDERS OF THE SWEAT GLANDS

662 DISORDERS OF HAIR

663 DISORDERS OF THE NAILS

664 DISORDERS OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES

665 CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

666 CUTANEOUS FUNGAL INFECTIONS

667 CUTANEOUS VIRAL INFECTIONS

668 ARTHROPOD BITES AND INFESTATIONS

669 ACNE

670 TUMORS OF THE SKIN

671 NUTRITIONAL DERMATOSES

PART XXXII

Bone and Joint Disorders

Section 1 ORTHOPEDIC PROBLEMS

672 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

673 EVALUATION OF THE CHILD

674 THE FOOT AND TOES

675 TORSIONAL AND ANGULAR DEFORMITIES

676 LEG-LENGTH DISCREPANCY

677 THE KNEE

678 THE HIP

679 THE SPINE

680 THE NECK

681 THE UPPER LIMB

682 ARTHROGRYPOSIS

683 COMMON FRACTURES

684 OSTEOMYELITIS

685 SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

Section 2 SPORTS MEDICINE

686 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF INJURIES

687 MANAGEMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY

688 SPORTS-RELATED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (CONCUSSION)

689 CERVICAL SPINAL INJURIES

690 HEAT INJURIES

691 FEMALE ATHLETES: MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS AND THE RISK OF OSTEOPENIA

692 PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING AIDS

693 SPECIFIC SPORTS AND ASSOCIATED INJURIES

Section 3 THE SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS

694 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

695 DISORDERS INVOLVING CARTILAGE MATRIX PROTEINS

696 DISORDERS INVOLVING TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTORS

697 DISORDERS INVOLVING ION TRANSPORTERS

698 DISORDERS INVOLVING TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

699 DISORDERS INVOLVING DEFECTIVE BONE RESORPTION

700 DISORDERS FOR WHICH DEFECTS ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD OR UNKNOWN

701 OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

702 MARFAN SYNDROME

Section 4 METABOLIC BONE DISEASE

703 BONE STRUCTURE, GROWTH, AND HORMONAL REGULATION

704 PRIMARY CHONDRODYSTROPHY (METAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA)

705 HYPOPHOSPHATASIA

706 HYPERPHOSPHATASIA

707 OSTEOPOROSIS

PART XXXIII

Rehabilitation Medicine

708 PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE

709 EVALUATION OF THE CHILD FOR REHABILITATIVE SERVICES

710 SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

711 SPINAL CORD INJURY AND AUTONOMIC CRISIS MANAGEMENT

712 SPASTICITY

713 BIRTH BRACHIAL PLEXUS PALSY

714 TRAUMATIC AND SPORTS-RELATED INJURIES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY

715 MENINGOMYELOCELE (SPINA BIFIDA)

716 AMBULATION ASSISTANCE

717 HEALTH AND WELLNESS FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

PART XXXIV

Environmental Health Hazards

718 BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON CHILDREN

719 CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS

720 HEAVY METAL INTOXICATION

721 LEAD POISONING

722 NONBACTERIAL FOOD POISONING

723 BIOLOGIC AND CHEMICAL TERRORISM

724 ANIMAL AND HUMAN BITES

725 ENVENOMATIONS

PART XXXV

Laboratory Medicine

726 LABORATORY TESTING IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

727 REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR LABORATORY TESTS AND PROCEDURES