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Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis: Common Diseases and their Mimics
- 2nd Edition - April 6, 2022
- Editors: Robert Kliegman, Heather Toth, Brett J. Bordini, Donald Basel
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 6 1 7 4 - 1
Patients don’t present with a disease; they present with symptoms. Using a practical, symptom-based organization, Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis: Common Diseases and… Read more
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Request a sales quotePatients don’t present with a disease; they present with symptoms. Using a practical, symptom-based organization, Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis: Common Diseases and their Mimics, 2nd Edition, offers authoritative guidance on differential diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders in children and adolescents, and covers the symptoms you’re likely to see in practice, their mimics, and uncommon disorders. Drs. Robert M. Kliegman, Heather Toth, Brett J. Bordini, and Donald Basel walk you through what to consider and how to proceed when faced with common symptoms such as cough, fever, headache, autistic-like behaviors, chronic pain, chest pain, gait disturbances, and much more.
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Begins with a presenting symptom and leads you through differential diagnosis and a concise review of treatment recommendations.
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Contains more than a dozen new topics including Disease Mimics: An Approach to Undiagnosed Diseases, Autistic-like Behaviors, Shock, Hypertension, Neurocognitive and Developmental Regression, Chronic Pain, Hypertonicity, Movement Disorders, Hypermobility, and more.
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Features a new focus on symptoms of rarer diseases that are mimics of more common diseases.
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Offers a user-friendly approach to Altered Mental Status such as coma and other CNS disorders, with numerous clinically useful tables and figures to guide clinical decision making in various care settings.
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Uses a highly templated format for easy reference and quick answers to clinical questions, with the same consistent presentation in each chapter: History, Physical Examination, Diagnosis (including laboratory tests), Imaging, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
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Includes numerous full-color illustrations, algorithms, tables, and "red flags" to aid differential diagnosis.
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Serves as an ideal companion to Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st Edition. Content in this book is referenced and linked electronically to the larger text, providing easy access to full background and evidence-based treatment and management content when you own both references.
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Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Pediatric residents and practitioners
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1. Symptom-Based Diagnosis
- 1. Disease Mimics: An Approach to Undiagnosed Diseases
- Diagnosis: It All Starts with a Symptom
- Diagnosis as an Iterative Process
- Diagnosis as a Collaborative Process and the Team-Based Approach
- Section 2. Respiratory Disorders
- 2. Sore Throat
- Viral Pharyngitis
- Infectious Mononucleosis
- Bacterial Pharyngitis
- Infection with Streptococci That Are Not Group A (Non-A Streptococci)
- Gonococcal Pharyngitis
- Chlamydial and Mycoplasmal Infections
- Oral-Pharyngeal Facial Space Pain
- 3. Cough
- Introduction
- When Cough Itself Is a Problem
- 4. Respiratory Distress
- Diagnostic Approach
- History
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Tests
- Imaging
- Causes of Respiratory Distress
- Nonpulmonary Causes of Respiratory Distress
- 5. Earache
- History
- Physical Examination
- Diagnostic Tests
- Differential Diagnosis
- Otitis Externa
- Necrotizing (Malignant) Otitis Externa
- Acute Otitis Media
- Otitis Media with Effusion
- Mastoiditis
- Cholesteatoma
- Intracranial Complications
- 6. Apparent Life-Threatening Event/Brief Resolved Unexplained Event
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Clinical Evaluation
- Differential Diagnosis by System
- Section 3. Cardiac Disorders
- 7. Syncope and Dizziness
- Syncope
- Neurocardiogenic Syncope
- Orthostatic Syncope
- Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
- Cardiac Syncope/Sudden Cardiac Death
- Neurologic Causes of Syncope-Like Episodes
- Metabolic Causes of Syncope
- Syncopal-Like Episodes in Infants and Toddlers
- Psychiatric Causes of Syncope
- Evaluation of the Syncopal Child
- Summary and Red Flags
- Vertigo
- Evaluation of the Patient with Vertigo
- Summary and Red Flags
- Disequilibrium
- Summary and Red Flags
- Lightheadedness
- Evaluation of the Patient with Lightheadedness
- Summary and Red Flags
- 8. Chest Pain
- Causes of Chest Pain
- Approach to the Patient with Chest Pain
- 9. Murmurs
- The Thorax
- Origins of the Heart Sounds
- The Cardiac Cycle
- Changes in the Circulation at Birth
- Normal Intracardiac Pressures
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Evaluation
- Symptoms and Signs of Heart Disease
- Cardiovascular Assessment
- Classification of Cardiac Murmurs
- Pediatric Murmur Evaluation
- Systolic Murmurs
- Diastolic Murmurs
- Continuous Murmurs
- Murmurs in Children with Normal Hearts
- Murmurs Caused by Common Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Ventricular Septal Defects
- Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects
- Murmurs Caused by Common Lesions with Right-to-Left Shunt and Cyanosis
- Tricuspid Valve Atresia
- Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
- Transposition of the Great Arteries
- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
- Murmurs Caused by Common Lesions with Simple Obstruction
- Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
- Aortic Valve Stenosis
- Coarctation of the Aorta
- Mitral Valve Stenosis
- Murmurs Caused by Atrioventricular Valve and Semilunar Valve Insufficiency
- Miscellaneous Cardiac Anomalies
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Approach to Congenital Heart Disease
- Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
- Infective Endocarditis
- Summary and Red Flags
- 10. Shock
- What Is Shock: Pathophysiology
- Key Historical Elements to Aid in Diagnosis and Etiology of Shock
- Physical Examination to Assess and Manage Shock
- Diagnostic Evaluation of Shock
- Types of Shock
- Pediatric Septic Shock
- First Critical Actions in the Evaluation and Treatment of Shock
- Anaphylaxis
- 11. Hypertension
- Presentation
- Etiology
- Infantile Hypertension
- Childhood Hypertension
- Evaluation
- Investigation of Infantile Hypertension
- Investigation of Symptomatic Childhood Hypertension (Fig. 11.2 and Table 11.10)
- Red Flags
- Section 4. Gastrointestinal Disorders
- 12. Failure to Thrive
- Normal Growth
- Definitions
- Interpretation of Growth Charts
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Approach to Determining Etiology
- Overall Approach to Management
- Nutritional Supplementation for the Older Infant and Child
- Children with Special Health Care Needs
- Criteria for Hospitalization
- Monitoring
- Long-Term Outcomes
- Protein Energy Malnutrition
- 13. Abdominal Pain
- Pathophysiology of Abdominal Pain
- Acute Abdominal Pain
- Specific Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain
- Chronic Abdominal Pain
- Making a Diagnosis of Functional Abdominal Pain
- 14. Diarrhea
- Acute Diarrhea
- Chronic Diarrhea
- 15. Vomiting and Regurgitation
- Definitions
- Neuroanatomy of Vomiting
- Neurochemical Basis of Vomiting
- Data to Guide the Diagnosis
- 16. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- Definitions
- Approach to Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- Hematemesis and Melena: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed
- Hematochezia: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed
- Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- Diagnostic Evaluations
- Summary and Red Flags
- 17. Hepatomegaly
- Assessment of the Liver
- Evaluation of the Child with Hepatomegaly
- Specific Issues in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatomegaly
- 18. Jaundice
- Diagnostic Strategies
- Jaundice in the Neonate and Infant
- Jaundice in the Child and Adolescent
- 19. Constipation
- Physiology of Normal Defecation and Constipation
- Data Collection and Assessment
- Differential Diagnosis
- Encopresis
- 20. Abdominal Masses
- Diagnostic Strategies
- Splenomegaly
- Splenectomy
- Neuroblastoma
- Renal Masses
- Liver Tumors
- Congenital Dilatation of the Bile Ducts
- Intestinal and Pancreatic Masses
- Ovarian Tumors
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma
- Section 5. Genitourinary Disorders
- 21. Dysuria
- Neonates
- Children 2–24 Months of Age
- Preschool Children
- School-Aged/Prepubertal Children
- Adolescents
- 22. Proteinuria
- Nephrotic Syndrome in Young Children
- Minimal Change Disease
- Other Forms of Nephrotic Syndrome
- Nephrotic Syndrome in Infants Younger Than 1 Year
- Asymptomatic Proteinuria Disorders
- 23. Hematuria
- Gross Hematuria
- Microscopic Hematuria
- More Common Causes of Hematuria
- Uncommon Causes of Hematuria in Childhood
- 24. Acute and Chronic Scrotal Swelling
- Scrotal and Inguinal Anatomy
- Diagnostic Strategies
- Differential Diagnosis
- Torsion of the Appendix Testis
- Epididymitis, Epididymoorchitis, and Orchitis
- Trauma and Hematocele
- Varicocele
- Inguinal Hernia
- Hydrocele
- Testicular Tumors
- Meconium Peritonitis
- Scrotal Wall Swelling
- Referred Pain
- Red Flags
- 25. Menstrual Problems and Vaginal Bleeding
- Prepubertal Vaginal Bleeding
- Abnormal Bleeding in Adolescence
- Review of the Menstrual Cycle
- Pregnancy
- Coagulopathy
- Ovulatory Dysfunction
- Endometrial Causes
- Iatrogenic Causes
- Not Yet Classified
- Structural Causes: PALM
- Congenital Anomalies
- Treatment
- Menstrual Pain in Adolescents
- Summary and Red Flags
- 26. Disorders of Sex Development
- Overview of Sex Differentiation
- Overview of Gonadal Function
- Diagnostic Approach to the Patient with Atypical or Ambiguous Genitalia
- Basic Approaches to the Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of Sex Development
- Specific Types of Disorders of Sex Development
- Red Flags
- Section 6. Developmental and Psychiatric Disorders
- 27. Intellectual Developmental Disorders (Developmental Delay)
- Definitions
- Epidemiology
- Diagnosis
- Identification
- Screening for Specific Abnormalities
- Identification of Children with Developmental Disabilities in Primary Health Care Settings
- Comprehensive Developmental Assessment
- Formal Neurodevelopmental Assessments
- Diagnostic Strategy
- Laboratory Testing
- Specific Conditions
- Treatment
- Pitfalls and Hazards in Developmental Diagnosis
- 28. Neurocognitive and Developmental Regression
- Diagnostic Approach
- Genetic Evaluation
- Summary and Red Flags
- 29. Dysmorphology
- Diagnostic Approaches
- Teratology
- Birth Defects
- Clinical Classification
- Dysmorphic Evaluation
- Assembling the Data
- Minimal Diagnostic Criteria
- Tools to Assist the Diagnostic Odyssey
- 30. The Irritable Infant
- Diagnostic Approach
- Addressing Caregivers’ Response to Crying
- Specific Diagnoses
- 31. Emotional and Behavioral Symptoms
- Conditions Characterized by Abnormal Behaviors
- Conditions Characterized by Disruption in Mood
- Conditions Characterized by Worry, Fear, and Panic
- Conditions Characterized by Mental Status Abnormalities
- Conditions Characterized by Physical Findings or Complaints
- 32. Autistic-like Behaviors
- Diagnostic Criteria
- Medical Work-Up
- Genetic Testing and Diagnosis
- Genetic Disorders That Co-Occur With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Metabolic Disorders That Present with Autistic-Like Features
- 33. Chronic Pain
- Chronic Pain
- Summary and Red Flags
- Section 7. Neurosensory Disorders
- 34. Headaches
- History
- Physical Examination
- Neuroimaging
- Laboratory Investigations
- Classification of Headaches
- 35. Hypotonia and Weakness
- Muscle Weakness and Hypotonia
- Evaluating Hypotonia
- Hypotonic Infant
- Weak Child
- 36. Rhabdomyolysis
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hospital Follow-Up
- Diseases
- Infectious
- Trauma
- Drug/Toxin
- Muscle Disease
- Myopathies
- Glycogen Metabolism/McArdle DISEASE
- 37. Stroke
- Definitions
- The Symptoms of Stroke
- Stroke Syndromes by Age
- Perinatal Stroke
- Stroke in Children
- Stroke in Adolescents
- Causes of Stroke Unrelated to Age
- 38. Hypertonicity
- Definitions
- History
- Cerebral Palsy
- Hereditary Hyperekplexia
- Stiff Person Syndrome
- Tetanus
- Myogenic Etiologies of Hypertonicity
- Drug-Related Hypertonicity
- Opisthotonus
- 39. Paroxysmal Disorders
- History
- Physical Examination
- Red Flags
- Paroxysmal Spells of Altered Behavior or Movement
- Epileptic Seizures
- Epidemiology and Causes of Seizures and Epilepsy
- Genetics
- Seizure Classification and Terminology
- Focal Seizures
- Diagnostic Evaluation of a Seizure Disorder
- Status Epilepticus
- Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes
- Rare Status Epilepticus Syndromes
- Principles of Antiepileptic Drug Use
- Lifestyle
- 40. Movement Disorders in Childhood
- Movement Disorders
- Chief Complaint
- History
- Physical Examination
- Dystonia
- Chorea/Athetosis/Ballismus
- Ataxia
- Tremor
- Tics
- Stereotypies
- Myoclonus
- Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy
- Conditions That Mimic Movement Disorders
- 41. Altered Mental Status
- Altered Mental Status
- Altered States of Consciousness
- Detailed Investigation
- Trauma
- Primary Brain Diseases
- Intracranial Tumor
- Toxic Encephalopathy
- Metabolic Encephalopathies
- 42. Encephalitis
- Etiology
- Diagnostic Emergencies: Other Diseases to Exclude
- COVID-19 ASSOCIATED CNS MANIFESTATIONS
- 43. Eye Disorders
- Eye and Visual System Anatomy
- Development of the Eye and Visual System
- Amblyopia and Vision Screening
- Visual Fields
- Strabismus
- Refractive Errors
- Vision Impairment in Children
- Retinopathy of Prematurity
- Leukocoria and Retinoblastoma
- Childhood Cataracts
- Glaucoma in Childhood
- Childhood Uveitis
- Nasolacrimal Problems in Childhood
- Red Eye
- Eyelid Abnormalities
- Orbital Tumors
- Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease
- Nystagmus
- Ocular Trauma
- Functional Vision Loss
- Visual Complaints of Children
- Section 8. Musculoskeletal Disorders
- 44. Arthritis
- History
- Review of Systems
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Studies
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Dermatomyositis
- Scleroderma
- Rheumatic Fever
- IGA Vasculitis/Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
- Myalgia
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- 45. Gait Disturbances
- Gait Cycle
- Development of Gait
- Clinical Evaluation of Gait Disturbances
- Gait Disturbances
- 46. Back Pain
- Normal Anatomy, Growth, and Development of the Spine
- Normal Spinal Alignment
- Evaluation of the Pediatric Spine
- Back Pain of Brief Duration
- Persistent Back Pain
- Specific Diagnoses
- 47. Hypermobility
- Evaluating Hypermobility
- Connective Tissue and Its Role in These Disorders
- Diagnostic Characterization of Hypermobility
- Closing Considerations
- Section 9. Hematologic Disorders
- 48. Lymphadenopathy and Neck Masses
- Mechanism of Lymphadenopathy
- Developmental Anomalies and Soft Tissue Tumors
- 49. Pallor and Anemia
- History
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Evaluation
- Classification of Anemia
- Diagnostic Work-up
- Differential Diagnosis of Anemia
- Anemia in the Neonate
- 50. Pancytopenia/Aplastic Anemia/Bone Marrow Failure
- History
- Hypocellular Marrow
- Acquired
- Red Flags
- 51. Bleeding and Thrombosis
- Coagulation Cascade
- Coagulation Inhibitors
- Platelet-Endothelial Cells Axis
- Developmental Hemostasis
- Clues from History and Physical Examination
- Mucocutaneous Bleeding
- Deep Bleeding
- Generalized Bleeding
- Thrombosis
- Anticoagulant Therapy
- Section 10. Infectious Diseases/Immune/Inflammation
- 52. Fever
- Definitions
- Pathophysiology of Fever
- Fever Without Source
- Fever of Unknown Origin
- 53. Fever and Rash
- Fever and Rash
- 54. Recurrent Fever, Immune Deficiency, and Autoinflammatory Disorders
- History and Physical Examination
- Asplenia
- The Patient with Hereditary Inflammatory Disorders
- The Immunodeficient Patient
- Humoral Immune Disorders
- Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Combined Immune Deficiencies
- Immunodeficiencies with Syndromic Features
- Complement System Deficiencies
- Phagocytic Disorders
- Disorders of Macrophage Function
- Immune Disregulation Syndromes
- Section 11. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- 55. Disorders of Puberty
- Normal Pubertal Development
- Precocious Puberty
- Delayed or Absent Puberty
- 56. Short Stature
- Definition
- Fetal Growth and Birth Size
- Measuring a Child
- Body Proportions
- General Well-Being
- Bone Age
- Endocrine Disorders
- Hypothyroidism
- Bone Dysplasias
- Evaluating the Child with Short Stature
- Important Considerations in the History
- Therapeutic Options
- Other Treatments
- 57. Hypoglycemia
- Definition of Hypoglycemia
- Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration
- Clinical Manifestations
- Causes of Transient Neonatal Hypoglycemia
- Causes of Persistent Hypoglycemia in Infants and Children
- Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia
- Treatment of Hypoglycemia
- 58. Polyuria and Urinary Incontinence
- Polyuria and Urinary Incontinence
- Voiding Physiology
- Toilet Training
- Urine Volume and Solute Diuresis
- 59. Acid–Base and Electrolyte Disturbances
- Acid–Base Balance
- Acid–Base Disorders
- Symptoms of Acid–Base Disorders
- Renal Regulation of Acid–Base Balance
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Mixed Acid–Base Disorders
- Potassium Disorders
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperkalemia
- Sodium Disorders
- Hyponatremia
- Hypernatremia
- Calcium Disorders
- Rickets
- Section 12. Dermatology
- 60. Congenital Cutaneous Lesions and Infantile Rashes
- Rashes (Table 60.1)
- Fixed Lesions
- Transient and Physiologic Changes to the Skin
- Rare and Genetic Disorders
- 61. Acquired Rashes in the Older Child
- History, Physical Examination, and Diagnostic Procedures
- Dermatologic Disorders in Older Infants and Children
- Disorders of Pigmentation
- Reactive Erythemas
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Bullous Lesions
- Purpura and Petechiae
- Hair Loss
- Infections and Infestations
- Acne Vulgaris
- Lumps and Bumps
- Index
- No. of pages: 1264
- Language: English
- Edition: 2
- Published: April 6, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323761741
RK
Robert Kliegman
Affiliations and expertise
Professor & Chair Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics - Medical College of Wisconsin Nelson Undiagnosed & Rare Disease ProgramHT
Heather Toth
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Program Director, Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program, Hospitalist, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinBB
Brett J. Bordini
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Hospital Medicine, Assistant Professor of Global Health, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WIDB
Donald Basel
Affiliations and expertise
Section Chief and Professor, Pediatrics (Genetics), Associate Director, Undiagnosed & Rare Diseases, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical Director, Genetics Center, Children’s Wisconsin, Co-program Director, Neurofibromatosis and RASopathy, Children’s Wisconsin